Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2026; 17(7): 121312
Published online Jul 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.121312
Published online Jul 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.121312
Effects of hyperglycemia on the bone microenvironment in diabetic osteoporosis
Bo Li, Wei Wei, Yan-Long Zhang, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 261000, Liaoning Province, China
Xi-Xu Zhang, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 261000, Liaoning Province, China
Co-corresponding authors: Yan-Long Zhang and Xi-Xu Zhang.
Author contributions: Zhang YL and Zhang XX contributed equally to this work, as they are co-corresponding authors; Wei W wrote the manuscript; Zhang YL and Zhang XX designed the research; Li B, Wei W, Zhang YL and Zhang XX have read and approved the final manuscript.
AI contribution statement: No AI tools, including but not limited to ChatGPT, Grammarly, or DeepL, were used in the preparation of this manuscript. No portion of the main text of the manuscript was AI-generated. The entire text was written by the authors. No images in the manuscript were generated by AI. We would like to clarify that we did not use any AI tools to generate, edit, or assist in the file “answering-reviewers”. The content was written entirely by the authors manually, based on our own work and understanding. Furthermore, in responding to the reviewers' comments point by point, we did not use any AI tools. All responses were written directly by the authors without any AI assistance.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Corresponding author: Xi-Xu Zhang, MD, Professor, Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 60 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 261000, Liaoning Province, China. 13287683505@163.com
Received: March 23, 2026
Revised: April 17, 2026
Accepted: May 21, 2026
Published online: July 15, 2026
Processing time: 110 Days and 14.6 Hours
Revised: April 17, 2026
Accepted: May 21, 2026
Published online: July 15, 2026
Processing time: 110 Days and 14.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) poses a major health challenge, elevating fracture risk. Chronic hyperglycemia is central to DOP pathogenesis, instigating oxidative stress via excessive reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products, plus inflammation involving the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway within the bone microenvironment. This disrupts bone remodeling. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing innovative prevention and treatment strategies for DOP.