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World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2026; 17(11): 124628
Published online Nov 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.124628
Published online Nov 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.124628
Association of serum oncostatin M with disease severity and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia with diabetes mellitus
Yi Sun, Ming-Hao Gu, Xiu-Di Han, Xue-Dong Liu, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266073, Shandong Province, China
Yi Sun, Pei-Kun Teng, Xiu-Di Han, Xue-Dong Liu, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Qian Li, Department of Emergency, Shandong Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, Shandong Province, China
Hong Wang, Department of Hospital-Acquired Infection Control, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Xing-Yu Zhang, Department of Human Resources, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
Co-first authors: Yi Sun and Qian Li.
Co-corresponding authors: Xiu-Di Han and Xue-Dong Liu.
Author contributions: Li Q, Sun Y, and Gu MH collected the clinical samples and data; Sun Y and Li Q drafted the manuscript, as they are co-first authors; Wang H, Teng PK, and Zhang XY contributed to manuscript revision, statistical analysis, and critical review of the manuscript; Liu XD, Han XD, and Teng PK critically revised the manuscript; Liu XD conceived and supervised the study; Han XD and Liu XD are designed as co-corresponding authors; all authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
AI contribution statement: Portions of this manuscript were edited using AI tools solely for language refinement. The authors carefully reviewed and verified all AI-assisted outputs and take full responsibility for the scientific content of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital (No. KTLL202306084).
Informed consent statement: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before enrollment in the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement—a checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement-a checklist of items.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to health privacy concerns, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Corresponding author: Xue-Dong Liu, MD, Professor, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, No. 1 Jiaozhou Road, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China. xuedongliu0607@163.com
Received: June 22, 2026
Revised: August 5, 2026
Accepted: October 20, 2026
Published online: November 15, 2026
Processing time: 138 Days and 17.6 Hours
Revised: August 5, 2026
Accepted: October 20, 2026
Published online: November 15, 2026
Processing time: 138 Days and 17.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: This prospective observational study investigated the clinical value of serum oncostatin M in patients with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by diabetes mellitus. Serum oncostatin M levels were significantly elevated in these patients and were associated with disease severity, inflammatory burden, and 1-year mortality. Oncostatin M was an independent predictor of mortality, and its combination with confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥ 65 years score improved prognostic performance. These findings suggest that oncostatin M may serve as a useful adjunctive biomarker for risk stratification and prognosis prediction in this high-risk population.