Gouda MM. From fatty liver indices to the Zhejiang University index: Re-shaping risk stratification of metabolic liver disease in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(12): 115435 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.115435]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Mostafa M Gouda, PhD, Professor, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China. mostafa-gouda@zju.edu.cn
Research Domain of This Article
Methodology
Article-Type of This Article
Editorial
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Dec 15, 2025 (publication date) through Dec 15, 2025
Times Cited of This Article
Times Cited (0)
Journal Information of This Article
Publication Name
World Journal of Diabetes
ISSN
1948-9358
Publisher of This Article
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
Share the Article
Gouda MM. From fatty liver indices to the Zhejiang University index: Re-shaping risk stratification of metabolic liver disease in diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(12): 115435 [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.115435]
World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2025; 16(12): 115435 Published online Dec 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.115435
From fatty liver indices to the Zhejiang University index: Re-shaping risk stratification of metabolic liver disease in diabetes
Mostafa M Gouda
Mostafa M Gouda, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China
Mostafa M Gouda, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
Author contributions: Gouda MM contributed to conceptualization, methodology, literature search, figure building, and original draft writing sections.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Mostafa M Gouda, PhD, Professor, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang Province, China. mostafa-gouda@zju.edu.cn
Received: October 16, 2025 Revised: November 8, 2025 Accepted: November 18, 2025 Published online: December 15, 2025 Processing time: 59 Days and 20.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: Early identification of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in diabetes requires reliable and easily applicable tools. The Zhejiang University index (ZJU index) combines metabolic and hepatic parameters, such as body mass index, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and enzyme ratios, into a simple score derived from routine clinical data. Unlike traditional indices such as fatty liver index and hepatic steatosis index, the ZJU index demonstrates superior accuracy for detecting MASLD and correlates with systemic complications, including insulin resistance and sarcopenia. Its integration into electronic medical records enables automatic annual screening of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, providing a cost-effective, non-invasive approach for risk stratification and guiding timely preventive interventions.
