Published online Jun 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.656
Peer-review started: December 26, 2022
First decision: February 28, 2023
Revised: March 13, 2023
Accepted: April 17, 2023
Article in press: April 17, 2023
Published online: June 15, 2023
Processing time: 170 Days and 16.2 Hours
Core Tip: Diabetes pathogenesis encompasses genetic, epigenetic, and environmental variables and their interactions. To date, the examined common variations can explain just a small portion of the heritability of diabetes. Furthermore, the technique of integrating the associated variants as a type of genetic risk score does not accurately predict diabetes risk. As a result, the trend for genetic risk factors for diabetes is shifting from common to rare variants. Aside from genetic variables, systemic data from other transomics such as epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics will contribute to a better understanding of genetic determinants in the progression of metabolic illnesses like diabetes. Technological, computational, and collaborative developments continue to uncover novel genetic diabetes risk factors. There are high prospects for tailored diabetes treatment in the future, based on increased knowledge of the molecular genetic profile of the patients.