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©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2019; 10(11): 534-545
Published online Nov 15, 2019. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i11.534
Published online Nov 15, 2019. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i11.534
Type 1 diabetes loci display a variety of native American and African ancestries in diseased individuals from Northwest Colombia
Natalia Gomez-Lopera, Juan M Alfaro, Nicolas Pineda-Trujillo, Grupo Mapeo Genetico, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010470, Colombia
Juan M Alfaro, Sección de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010470, Colombia
Suzanne M Leal, Center for Statistical Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
Author contributions: Alfaro JM and Pineda-Trujillo N designed and coordinated the study; Gomez-Lopera N performed most of the data analyses; Pineda-Trujillo N and Leal SM wrote the manuscript.
Supported by Colciencias-Colombia grant No. 111556933366 and CODI-Universidad de Antioquia , and Scholarship from Colciencias, call No. 727 (from 2015).
Institutional review board statement: The ethics committee of the Medical Research Institute of the Medicine Faculty at University of Antioquia considers that the project does not contain ethical tensions that violate the rights and welfare of the participants. The risk involved in the study is minimum.
Informed consent statement: All study participants, or their legal guardian, provided informed written consent prior to study enrollment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: None to declare.
STROBE statement: We have read the STROBE Guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to them.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Nicolas Pineda-Trujillo, MSc, PhD, Academic Research, Research Scientist, Senior Scientist, Grupo Mapeo Genetico, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Carrera 51D No. 62-21, Medellín 050010470, Colombia. nicolas.pineda@udea.edu.co
Telephone: +57-4-2196065 Fax: +57-4-2196069
Received: July 18, 2019
Peer-review started: July 21, 2019
First decision: August 31, 2019
Revised: September 10, 2019
Accepted: October 7, 2019
Article in press: October 7, 2019
Published online: November 15, 2019
Processing time: 108 Days and 3.6 Hours
Peer-review started: July 21, 2019
First decision: August 31, 2019
Revised: September 10, 2019
Accepted: October 7, 2019
Article in press: October 7, 2019
Published online: November 15, 2019
Processing time: 108 Days and 3.6 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: We have tested the effect of genetic admixture in a set of Colombian patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We show that, although no differences between T1Ds and Colombians living in Medellin arose globally, there appear to be ancestry differences when looking at specific T1D loci/genes (e.g., genes EFR3B, IFIH1, IL7R and NRP1). Also, when comparing patient ancestry according to the presence/absence of T1D-related auto-antibodies or age at onset of the disease, differences were also observed. The most striking differences in ancestry occurred outside the HLA region, which is considered the master risk locus in T1D and for autoimmune diseases overall. This in itself is a striking observation.