Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2019; 10(11): 517-533
Published online Nov 15, 2019. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v10.i11.517
Risk factors and urinary biomarkers of non-albuminuric and albuminuric chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Anton I Korbut, Vadim V Klimontov, Ilya V Vinogradov, Vyacheslav V Romanov
Anton I Korbut, Vadim V Klimontov, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL – Branch of IC&G SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
Ilya V Vinogradov, Vyacheslav V Romanov, Clinical Laboratory, “MBU-Technology” ltd., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
Author contributions: Klimontov VV contributed to study conception and design, data analysis and interpretation; Korbut AI collected the data and performed data analysis and interpretation; Vinogradov IV and Romanov VV performed the urinary biomarker assays; Korbut AI and Klimontov VV wrote the article; all authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology.
Informed consent statement: All study participants or their legal guardian provided informed written consent about personal and medical data collection prior to study enrolment.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Data sharing statement: Uploaded as PDF file.
STROBE statement: The authors have read the STROBE Statement – checklist of items, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the STROBE Statement – checklist of items.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Vadim V Klimontov, DSc, MD, PhD, Professor, Deputy Director, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL – Branch of IC&G SB RAS), Timakov Street 2, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia. klimontov@mail.ru
Telephone: +7-383-3359633 Fax: +7-383-3336409
Received: August 26, 2019
Peer-review started: August 26, 2019
First decision: September 21, 2019
Revised: October 6, 2019
Accepted: October 18, 2019
Article in press: October 18, 2019
Published online: November 15, 2019
Processing time: 69 Days and 17.1 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: In this study, we demonstrate the differences in clinical and laboratory characteristics between albuminuric and non-albuminuric phenotypes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with long-term type 2 diabetes. Different risk factors are found for three different CKD phenotypes. We also show the diversity in the urinary excretion of nephrin and podocin, two slit diaphragm proteins, and of WAP-four-disulfide core domain protein 2, a tubulointerstitial fibrosis marker, between different CKD phenotypes. The results further support the notion that albuminuric and non-albuminuric CKD phenotypes are different in their pathophysiology and clinical characteristics.