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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Diabetes. Oct 15, 2023; 14(10): 1463-1477
Published online Oct 15, 2023. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1463
Partners in diabetes epidemic: A global perspective
Huan Wang, Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh, Ranjit S Parhar, Randy Gaugler, Sarwar Hashmi
Huan Wang, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China
Huan Wang, Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh, Randy Gaugler, Sarwar Hashmi, Rutgers Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
Ranjit S Parhar, Department of Biological and Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
Sarwar Hashmi, Research and Diagnostics, Ghazala and Sanya Hashmi Foundation, Holmdel, NJ 07733, United States
Author contributions: Gaugler R and Hashmi S conceptualized the study design; Wang H, Akbari-Alavijeh S and Parhar RS performed the literature search and the analysis; Hashmi S wrote the manuscript and Wang H finalized the manuscript for submission; Parhar RS revised the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Huan Wang, PhD, Assistant Professor, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning Province, China. zanhuan@163.com
Received: June 29, 2023
Peer-review started: June 29, 2023
First decision: July 18, 2023
Revised: August 1, 2023
Accepted: September 1, 2023
Article in press: September 1, 2023
Published online: October 15, 2023
Processing time: 101 Days and 23.5 Hours
Abstract

There is a recent increase in the worldwide prevalence of both obesity and diabetes. In this review we assessed insulin signaling, genetics, environment, lipid metabolism dysfunction and mitochondria as the major determinants in diabetes and to identify the potential mechanism of gut microbiota in diabetes diseases. We searched relevant articles, which have key information from laboratory experiments, epidemiological evidence, clinical trials, experimental models, meta-analysis and review articles, in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google scholars and Cochrane Controlled Trial Database. We selected 144 full-length articles that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria for complete assessment. We have briefly discussed these associations, challenges, and the need for further research to manage and treat diabetes more efficiently. Diabetes involves the complex network of physiological dysfunction that can be attributed to insulin signaling, genetics, environment, obesity, mitochondria and stress. In recent years, there are intriguing findings regarding gut microbiome as the important regulator of diabetes. Valid approaches are necessary for speeding medical advances but we should find a solution sooner given the burden of the metabolic disorder ― What we need is a collaborative venture that may involve laboratories both in academia and industries for the scientific progress and its application for the diabetes control.

Keywords: Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Endocrinology; Genes; Gut microbiota; Environment; Insulin signaling; Metabolic disorder; Mitochondria; Obesity

Core Tip: We have read through the references, gathered information and then summarized the literature focusing on the complex physiological networks that play important roles in diabetes. This review highlight that how impairment of insulin signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction can bring about changes in energy balance resulting in diabetes epidemic. We have covered studies from laboratory experiments, clinical trials, epidemiological, and several review articles making this review is a good reference point for further understanding and control of diabetes epidemic in human population.