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Azmat F, Naseer MS, Safdar M, Bishoyi AK, Islam F, Imran A, Kanwal N, Zahra DE, Kalia R, Zafar A. Role of functional foods in diabetes management. NUTRIRE 2024; 50:1. [DOI: 10.1186/s41110-024-00304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
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Carneiro FS, Katashima CK, Dodge JD, Cintra DE, Pauli JR, Da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER. Tissue-specific roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response during obesity. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13791. [PMID: 38880974 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism, increasing adiposity, weight gain, and promoting related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent findings have reported that metabolic stress related to obesity induces a mitochondrial stress response called mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a quality control pathway that occurs in a nuclear DNA-mitochondria crosstalk, causing transduction of chaperones and proteases under stress conditions. The duality of UPRmt signaling, with both beneficial and detrimental effects, acts in different contexts depending on the tissue, cell type, and physiological states, affecting the mitochondrial function and efficiency and the metabolism homeostasis during obesity, which remains not fully clarified. Therefore, this review discusses the most recent findings regarding UPRmt signaling during obesity, bringing an overview of UPRmt across different metabolic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Carneiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joshua D Dodge
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington (UTA), Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomic, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino S R Da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saravanan M, P AK, P ASUP, Sekar D. Identification and expression of microRNA-34a-3p and its target Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) in polycystic ovarian syndrome in South Indian population. ACTA MARISIENSIS - SERIA MEDICA 2024; 70:163-168. [DOI: 10.2478/amma-2024-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex condition affecting 4% to 26% of the world-wide population and is characterized by enlarged ovaries and cysts. These cysts are actually immature ovarian follicles that have failed to mature and release an egg, which is a process known as anovulation. This study aims to explore the potential of miRNA as therapeutic and diagnostic biomarkers for PCOS, focusing on the identification and expression analysis of novel candidates like miR-34a-3p and its target Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR). The objective is to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with PCOS, particularly the roles of miRNAs in its pathogenesis. In future, we plan to test miR-34a-3p mimics/inhibitors and RICTOR downregulation to improve insulin sensitivity and ovarian function. We will also explore combined therapies and conduct trials to assess their efficacy and safety in PCOS patients, aiming to develop practical treatments for PCOS.
Methods
National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, TargetScan, and miRbase were explored to identify the novel miRNA candidates, resulting in the discovery of miR-34a-3p. Secondary structure was constructed using RNA Fold, and Ct and melt curve analysis assessed its statistical expression levels. Additionally, similar research was conducted to analyze the expression levels of RICTOR, a target of miR-34a-3p.
Result
The secondary structure showed miR-34a-3p has a minimum free energy of −47.20 kcal. Additionally shows dysregulation in both miR-34a-3p and RICTOR in individuals with PCOS. Furthermore, overexpression of RICTOR and decrease in miR-34a-3p levels suggest their possible role in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Conclusion
In PCOS, miR-34a-3p is downregulated, and there’s an inverse relationship between miR-34a-3p and RICTOR levels. qRT-PCR results showed high RICTOR expression in PCOS patients. RICTOR plays a crucial role in the mTOR pathway, affecting insulin signaling, metabolism, and cellular growth, which are all implicated in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Saravanan
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospital , Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University , Chennai , India
| | - Ameya K P
- RNA Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital , Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University , Chennai , India
| | - Ashikha Shirin Usman P P
- RNA Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital , Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University , Chennai , India
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- RNA Biology Lab, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital , Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University , Chennai , India
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Panigrahi C, Babu KY. Stature estimation using the odontometric measurements of the maxilla. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S153-S155. [PMID: 36643103 PMCID: PMC9836107 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_216_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stature is the height of an individual in an upright position. It is one of the key characteristics, which helps in defining any individual. Stature estimation is needed mostly in medicolegal cases where only a limited number of human fragments are left for forensic analysis. The teeth provide essential measurements that can be used to determine stature. The aim of the study is to find out whether the second maxillary interpremolar distance can be used to effectively estimate stature of individuals. For the study, the sample size taken was 60 (30 male and 30 females), and their second maxillary interpremolar distance was measured using a digital vernier caliper. The collected data were tabulated and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (23), followed by linear regression. For male: Y = 178.65 - 1.09X, correlation coefficient, r = 0.05, For female: Y = 169.30 - 1.99X, correlation coefficient, r = 0.13. Since r < 0.2, there is no correlation between the interpremolar distance of the second maxillary premolar and the stature. From our study, we conclude that the interpremolar distance of the second maxillary premolar cannot be a reliable parameter for stature estimation in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Panigrahi
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Yuvaraj Babu
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. K. Yuvaraj Babu, Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Velappanchavadi, Chennai - 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
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Prenetha R, Babu KY. Stature estimation using head circumference. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S140-S143. [PMID: 36643133 PMCID: PMC9836130 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_217_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stature is an essential measurement in anthropometry that resolves individual representation of the body. Forensic determination is the resolution of origin, sex, and natural height. Many previous study has been done on estimation of height using various measurements of teeth and skull. The aim of this study was to estimate stature from head circumference and to derive a linear regression formula between them. The study was conducted in Saveetha Dental College among 70 1st year students (35 males and 35 females). Stature was measured using a stadiometer and head circumference was measured using measuring tape. All the measurements were tabulated and linear regression equation was done using the SPSS software (version 23). For males, Y = 1.85x + 71.12, r = 0.487; for females, Y = 2.07x + 46.24, r = 0.433. By the study, we know that in both genders, head circumference has moderate correlation in estimating stature. From the present research, we conclude that head circumference is a moderately reliable parameter for stature estimation in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Prenetha
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Yuvaraj Babu
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. K. Yuvaraj Babu, Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Velappanchavadi, Chennai - 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
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Krishna BA, Mohanraj KG. Morphometric analysis of oculomotor triangle in dry human skulls and its clinical applications. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S202-S206. [PMID: 36643166 PMCID: PMC9836143 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_152_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The oculomotor triangle is denoted as the "Triangle of Hakuba" or the "Hakuba's Triangle." This oculomotor triangle is a significant anatomical landmark. Oculomotor nerve, abducens nerve and part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) lie in this triangle. The determination of this analysis is to calculate the oculomotor triangle in dry processed skull bones of the south Indian population and its clinical significance. Fifty-one processed skulls of human origin were received from Anatomy Department, Basic Medical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College. Length from anterior-clinoid process (ACP) to posterior-clinoid process (PCP), length from PCP to APEX, and length from ACP to APEX were measured. Paired samples t-test was considered to analyze the values between the right triangle with the left triangle. From the measurements taken, the mean for the left side of the oculomotor triangle, ACP to PCP was 8.0591 ± 0.52 mm and the right side was 7.5482 ± 0.52 mm. The mean left side of the oculomotor triangle, measured from PCP to APEX was 6.73 ± 0.48 mm and the right side was 6.55 ± 0.72 mm. The mean of the left side of the oculomotor triangle, measured from ACP to APEX was 15.94 ± 0.682 mm and the right side was 16.21 ± 0.747 mm. Through this paired triangle of the cranial cavity, the horizontal section of ICA may be correlated with numerous vascular-related pathological considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ashwin Krishna
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj, Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai - 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
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Deng S, Yang L, Ma K, Bian W. Astragalus polysaccharide improve the proliferation and insulin secretion of mouse pancreatic β cells induced by high glucose and palmitic acid partially through promoting miR-136-5p and miR-149-5p expression. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9872-9884. [PMID: 34699323 PMCID: PMC8810136 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can cause side effects after long-time use. Hence, the novel drugs were urgent need to developed for T2DM patients. In this study, the effect of astragalus polysaccharide on dysfunctional insulin cells was investigated to clarify whether astragalus polysaccharide could be a novel drug for T2DM treatment. MIN6 cells (mouse pancreatic β-cell line) were treated with high glucose (HG)+ palmitic acid (PA) and then treated with astragalus polysaccharide. The proliferation, apoptosis, and insulin secretion were measured using CCK8, flow cytometry, and ELISA, respectively. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), miR-136-5p, and miR-149-5p expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR. The combination of EF-hand domain family member 2 (EFHD2) and miR-136-5p or miR-149-5p was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. EFHD2 protein level was measured by western blot. We found that HG+PA treatment reduced MIN6 cell viability, insulin secretion, and PDX1 expression and promoted MIN6 cell apoptosis. Astragalus polysaccharide treatment reversed the effect of HG+PA on MIN6 cells. Additionally, astragalus polysaccharide treatment promoted miR-136-5p and miR-149-5p expression. Silencing of miR-136-5p and miR-149-5p expression partially reversed the therapeutic effects of astragalus polysaccharide. Furthermore, EFHD2 was the target of miR-136-5p and miR-149-5p. Meanwhile, astragalus polysaccharide treatment inhibited EFHD2 protein level in HG+PA treated MIN6 cell. Finally, EFHD2 overexpression partially reversed the therapeutic effects of astragalus polysaccharide. In conclusion, astragalus polysaccharide treatment improved proliferation and insulin secretion in HG+PA-treated MIN6 cells partially by promoting miR-136-5p and miR-149-5p expression to inhibit EFHD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifang Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics in Luohu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Shanghai University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
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He XY, Ou CL. Clinical significance of serum miR-129-5p in patients with diabetes mellitus presenting macrovascular complications. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1282-1291. [PMID: 34512893 PMCID: PMC8394230 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic macrovascular complications (DMCs) are the most common complications encountered during the course of diabetes mellitus (DM) with extremely high mortality rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify specific and sensitive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of DMCs. AIM To investigate the expression and significance of serum miR-129-5p in patients with DM and macrovascular complications. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 36 healthy controls, 58 patients with DM presenting no macrovascular complications, and 62 patients with DMCs. The expression of miR-129-5p was detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Pearson's correlation assay was performed to analyze the correlation between serum miR-129-5p levels and clinical indicators. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to analyze the diagnostic value of serum miR-129-5p in patients with DM or DMCs. RESULTS There was a 4.378-fold and 7.369-fold increase in serum miR-129-5p expression in the DM (5.346 ± 0.405) and DMCs (8.998 ± 0.631) groups, respectively (P < 0.001), compared with the control group (1.221±0.090). In addition, the expression of serum miR-129-5p in patients with DMCs was higher than that in patients with DM, revealing a 1.683-fold increase (P < 0.001). Additionally, serum miR-129-5p expression significantly correlated with smoking history, disease duration, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in patients with DMCs (P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of miR-129-5p as a serum marker was 0.964 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.930-0.997, P < 0.001) in distinguishing between patients with DM and healthy controls, whereas the AUC of miR-129-5p as a serum marker was 0.979 (95%CI: 0.959-0.999, P < 0.001) in distinguishing between patients with DMCs and healthy controls. CONCLUSION Elevated serum miR-129-5p expression levels correlate with the development of DMCs and can be utilized as a novel early diagnostic biomarker for DM combined with macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun He
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chun-Lin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Abstract
MicroRNAs orchestrate the tight regulation of numerous cellular processes and the deregulation in their activities has been implicated in many diseases, including diabetes and cancer. There is an increasing amount of epidemiological evidence associating diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, to an elevated risk of various cancer types, including breast cancer. However, little is yet known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and even less about the role miRNAs play in driving the tumorigenic potential of the cell signaling underlying diabetes pathogenesis. This article reviews the role of miRNA in bridging the diabetes–breast cancer association by discussing specific miRNAs that are implicated in diabetes and breast cancer and highlighting the overlap between the disease-specific regulatory miRNA networks to identify a 20-miRNA signature that is common to both diseases. Potential therapeutic targeting of these molecular players may help to alleviate the socioeconomic burden on public health that is imposed by the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)–breast cancer association.
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