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1
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Nunes AR, Alves G, Falcão A, Lopes JA, Silva LR. Phenolic Acids from Fruit By-Products as Therapeutic Agents for Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3834. [PMID: 40332518 PMCID: PMC12027487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Revised: 04/14/2025] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
The cultivation and processing of fruits generate a wide range of by-products (e.g., pulp, seeds, pomace, leaves, and stems), which are often underutilized despite being rich sources of phenolic compounds with well-documented bioactive properties. The bioactive potential of these compounds has attracted significant interest from both the pharmaceutical and food sectors, offering opportunities for their use in functional foods, dietary supplements, natural medicines, and additives. Among these, phenolic acids have shown promising potential in modulating risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition encompassing hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and abdominal obesity, and contributing significantly to cardiovascular disease. Given the global burden of MetS and the need for novel preventive strategies, numerous studies have investigated the bioactivity of phenolic acids derived from fruit by-products. In this review, we critically examine recent studies regarding the phenolic acid composition of fruit-derived by-products and their biological activity in relation to MetS-related risk factors. This work aims to synthesize current findings, highlight prevailing research trends, and identify existing gaps in the literature to inform future research and promote the sustainable use of fruit by-products in the prevention and management of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R. Nunes
- RISE-Health—Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- CNC—Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- RISE-Health—Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João A. Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- RISE-Health—Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.R.N.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG, Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research for Inland Developments (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CERES-UC—Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Alqudah A, Qnais E, Gammoh O, Bseiso Y, Wedyan M. Protective effects of α-Pinene against carbon tetrachloride-induced cardiac injury in Wistar rats: modulation of antioxidant and inflammatory responses. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2025; 398:2845-2854. [PMID: 39298016 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The escalating global burden of cardiovascular diseases is a growing concern. Numerous research studies have established that plant-derived polyphenols, including α-pinene-a monocyclic monoterpene found in various plant essential oils-have significant effects on key cardiovascular mechanisms. These effects are mediated through their influence on antioxidant systems, cellular signaling pathways, and gene transcription processes. This study investigated the protective effects of α-pinene against cardiac damage caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups: a control group receiving saline, a disease control group-administered CCl4 (1 mL/kg body weight, intraperitoneally), and two treatment groups receiving α-pinene orally at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg body weight alongside CCl4, to assess its dose-dependent effects. We conducted comprehensive evaluations, including assessments of serum and cardiac toxicity biomarkers, inflammatory mediators, antioxidant defense mechanisms, lipid peroxidation levels, lipid profiles, and histopathological analyses. CCl4 exposure resulted in notable increases in free fatty acids (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Treatment with α-pinene at 100 mg/kg effectively counteracted these lipid profile changes. CCl4 also caused lipid oxidation and a reduction in antioxidant activities, which were restored to normal levels with α-pinene treatment at 100 mg/kg body weight. Moreover, an upsurge in inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP)) and cardiac toxicity biomarkers (creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and troponin) induced by CCl4 intoxication was reversed by α-pinene. Histopathological studies further validated these findings. The study concludes that α-pinene, administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight, effectively alleviates cardiac injury induced by CCl4. The data suggest that α-pinene exerts its protective effects through modulation of various signaling pathways involved in CCl4-induced cardiac toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousra Bseiso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Feldman F, Koudoufio M, Sané AT, Marcil V, Sauvé MF, Butcher J, Patey N, Martel C, Spahis S, Duan H, Figeys D, Desjardins Y, Stintzi A, Levy E. Therapeutic Potential of Cranberry Proanthocyanidins in Addressing the Pathophysiology of Metabolic Syndrome: A Scrutiny of Select Mechanisms of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2025; 14:268. [PMID: 40227220 PMCID: PMC11939394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox14030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 02/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) constitutes a spectrum of interconnected conditions comprising obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance (IR). While a singular, all-encompassing treatment for MetS remains elusive, an integrative approach involving tailored lifestyle modifications and emerging functional food therapies holds promise in preventing its multifaceted manifestations. Our main objective was to scrutinize the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PAC, 200 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks) in mitigating MetS pathophysiology in male mice subjected to standard Chow or high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diets while unravelling intricate mechanisms. The administration of PAC, in conjunction with an HFHF diet, significantly averted obesity, evidenced by reductions in body weight, adiposity across various fat depots, and adipocyte hypertrophy. Similarly, PAC prevented HFHF-induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia while also lessening IR. Furthermore, PAC proved effective in alleviating key risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases by diminishing plasma saturated fatty acids, as well as levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and non-HDL-C levels. The rise in adiponectin and drop in circulating levels of inflammatory markers showcased PAC's protective role against inflammation. To better clarify the mechanisms behind PAC actions, gut-liver axis parameters were examined, showing significant enhancements in gut microbiota composition, microbiota-derived metabolites, and marked reductions in intestinal and hepatic inflammation, liver steatosis, and key biomarkers associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and lipid metabolism. This study enhances our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying the development of MetS and provides valuable insights into how PAC may alleviate cardiometabolic dysfunction in HFHF mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Feldman
- Azraeli Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (F.F.); (M.K.); (A.T.S.); (V.M.); (M.F.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Mireille Koudoufio
- Azraeli Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (F.F.); (M.K.); (A.T.S.); (V.M.); (M.F.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Alain Théophile Sané
- Azraeli Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (F.F.); (M.K.); (A.T.S.); (V.M.); (M.F.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Azraeli Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (F.F.); (M.K.); (A.T.S.); (V.M.); (M.F.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Azraeli Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (F.F.); (M.K.); (A.T.S.); (V.M.); (M.F.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 1M5, Canada; (J.B.); (H.D.); (D.F.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Catherine Martel
- Montreal Heart Institute Research Centre, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada;
- Departement of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Azraeli Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (F.F.); (M.K.); (A.T.S.); (V.M.); (M.F.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Haonan Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 1M5, Canada; (J.B.); (H.D.); (D.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 1M5, Canada; (J.B.); (H.D.); (D.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4L3, Canada;
| | - Alain Stintzi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 1M5, Canada; (J.B.); (H.D.); (D.F.); (A.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Azraeli Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (F.F.); (M.K.); (A.T.S.); (V.M.); (M.F.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
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Piragine E, Malanima MA, Ceccanti C, Guidi L, Martelli A, Lucenteforte E, Calderone V. Alliaceae versus Brassicaceae for Dyslipidemia: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies. Phytother Res 2024; 38:5765-5781. [PMID: 39343737 PMCID: PMC11634823 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Preclinical studies have shown that organosulfur compounds from the Alliaceae and Brassicaceae plants, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.), have potential lipid-lowering effects. However, their clinical efficacy is controversial, especially in "drug-free" patients. The aim of this work was to summarize evidence on the lipid-lowering properties of extracts containing organosulfur compounds in patients with dyslipidemia. Studies were searched in four databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, and CENTRAL), from inception to October 11, 2023.Controlled clinical studies on patients with dyslipidemia receiving Alliaceae or Brassicaceae were included. The outcome was the change in lipid parameters from baseline. Random-effect meta-analysis of the extracted data was performed using R software. The effect size was expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The certainty of evidence was assessed with the GRADE approach. Out of 28 studies that were reviewed, 22 were included in the meta-analysis (publication period: 1981-2022). Results showed that Alliaceae extracts significantly reduce total cholesterol [MD: -15.2 mg/dL; 95% CI: -21.3; -9.1] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels [MD: -12.0 mg/dL; 95% CI: -18.1; -5.7], although with low certainty of evidence. Conversely, the lipid-lowering properties of Brassicaceae extracts are still unexplored. Our results support the use of Alliaceae extracts in patients with hypercholesterolemia, but future high-quality studies are needed. Our work suggests further exploration of the efficacy of Brassicaceae extracts, which may have high nutraceutical/phytotherapeutic potential, opening new perspectives in the management of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Piragine
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)”University of PisaPisaItaly
| | | | - Costanza Ceccanti
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)”University of PisaPisaItaly
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)”University of PisaPisaItaly
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)”University of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Ersilia Lucenteforte
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti” (DiSIA)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)”University of PisaPisaItaly
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5
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Ilari S, Nucera S, Morabito L, Caminiti R, Mazza V, Ritorto G, Ussia S, Passacatini LC, Macrì R, Scarano F, Serra M, Scali E, Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Palma E, Muscoli S, Proietti S, Tomino C, Mollace V, Muscoli C. A Systematic Review of the Effect of Polyphenols on Alterations of the Intestinal Microbiota and Shared Bacterial Profiles Between Metabolic Syndrome and Acne. Nutrients 2024; 16:3591. [PMID: 39519424 PMCID: PMC11547370 DOI: 10.3390/nu16213591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/15/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Microbiota, composed of micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, and non-pathogenic fungi, plays a crucial role in digestion, vitamin production, and protection against dangerous microbes. Several factors, including age, diet, alcohol consumption, stress, environmental microorganisms, and therapies (particularly antibiotics), as well as birth and nursing, could modify the microbiota. Recent research has highlighted its alteration and involvement in a various disease, including metabolic syndrome and acne. This systematic review aimed to identify common biomarkers and microbiota alterations shared between metabolic syndrome and acne, and to explore how the potential prebiotic activities of polyphenols may promote intestinal eubiosis. Materials and methods: A comprehensive search in PubMed and EMBASE resulted in 4142 articles, from which nine studies were selected based on specific criteria after removing duplicates and reviewing abstracts and full texts. All studies correlated the microbiota alteration in both pathologies and the activity of polyphenols in metabolic syndrome. Results: This review suggests that acne may be influenced by some of the same microorganisms involved in metabolic syndrome. While the literature highlights the effectiveness of polyphenols in treating metabolic syndrome, no studies have yet demonstrated their specific impact on acne. Conclusions: The research points to the potential benefits of polyphenols in modulating the microbiota, which could be relevant for individuals with metabolic syndrome. However, due to the limited data available, it was not possible to establish a direct correlation between metabolic syndrome and acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ilari
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Morabito
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Mazza
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ritorto
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sara Ussia
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Scali
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Muscoli
- Department of Cardiology, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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6
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Nagahawatta DP, Liyanage NM, Jayawardena TU, Jeon YJ. Marine Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling Structure-Activity Relationships, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8419. [PMID: 39125987 PMCID: PMC11312663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for significant mortality rates globally that have been raised due to the limitation of the available treatments and prevalence of CVDs. The innovative research and identification of potential preventives for CVDs are essential to alleviate global deaths and complications. The marine environment is a rich source of bioactive substances and provides a unique chemical arsenal against numerous ailments due to its unrivaled biodiversity. Marine polyphenolic compounds (MPCs) are unique because of their structural variety and biologically significant activity. Further, MPCs are well-reported for their valuable biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and antioxidant, demonstrating encouraging results in preventing and treating CVDs. Therefore, investigation of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between MPCs and CVDs provides insights that reveal how the structural components of these compounds affect their effectiveness. Further, comprehending this correlation is essential for advancing medications and nutraceuticals sourced from marine sources, which could transform the strategy for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of existing research by emphasizing the role of MPCs in CVD treatments and evaluating the SAR between MPCs and CVDs with challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Nagahawatta
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.)
| | - N. M. Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.)
| | | | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; (D.P.N.); (N.M.L.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
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Fogacci F, Giovannini M, Di Micoli A, Fiorini G, Grandi E, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Dry Artichoke and Bergamot Extracts on Metabolic and Vascular Risk Factors in Individuals with Suboptimal Cholesterol Levels. Nutrients 2024; 16:1587. [PMID: 38892519 PMCID: PMC11174436 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether dietary supplementation with a nutraceutical blend comprising extracts of bergamot and artichoke-both standardized in their characteristic polyphenolic fractions-could positively affect serum lipid concentration and insulin sensitivity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and indexes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 90 healthy individuals with suboptimal cholesterol levels. Participants were randomly allocated to treatment with a pill of either active treatment or placebo. After 6 weeks, the active-treated group experienced significant improvements in levels of triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B-100 (Apo B-100), and apolipoprotein AI (Apo AI) versus baseline. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), and hs-CRP also significantly decreased in the active-treated group compared to both baseline and placebo. At the 12-week follow-up, individuals allocated to the combined nutraceutical experienced a significant improvement in TC, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TG, Apo B-100, Apo AI, glucose, alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gGT), hs-CRP, several indexes of NAFLD, and brachial pulse volume (PV) in comparison with baseline. Improvements in TC, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, TG, fatty liver index (FLI), hs-CRP, and endothelial reactivity were also detected compared to placebo (p < 0.05 for all). Overall, these findings support the use of the tested dietary supplement containing dry extracts of bergamot and artichoke as a safe and effective approach for the prevention and management of a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Antonio Di Micoli
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Giulia Fiorini
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.G.); (E.G.); (C.B.)
- Cardiovascular Medicine Uniti, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.M.); (G.F.)
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8
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Verma N, Mittal M, Ali Mahdi A, Awasthi V, Kumar P, Goel A, Banik SP, Chakraborty S, Rungta M, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. Clinical Evaluation of a Novel, Patented Green Coffee Bean Extract (GCB70®), Enriched in 70% Chlorogenic Acid, in Overweight Individuals. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2024; 43:315-325. [PMID: 38227783 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2284994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and overweight are challenging health problems of the millennium that lead to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and atherosclerosis. Green coffee bean exhibited significant promise in healthy weight management, potentiating glucose-insulin sensitization and supporting liver health. The safety and efficacy of a novel, patented water-soluble green coffee bean extract (GCB70® enriched in 70% total chlorogenic acid and <1% caffeine) was investigated in 105 participants for 12 consecutive weeks. An institutional review board and Drugs Controller General (India) (DCGI) approvals were obtained, and the study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. METHOD Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipid profile, plasma leptin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and total blood chemistry were assessed over a period of 12 weeks of treatment. Safety was affirmed. RESULTS GCB70 (500 mg BID) supplementation significantly reduced body weight (approximately 6%; p = 0.000**) in approximately 97% of the study population. About a 5.65% statistically significant reduction (p = 0.000**) in BMI was observed in 96% of the study volunteers. Waist circumference was significantly reduced by 6.77% and 6.62% in 98% of the male and female participants, respectively. Plasma leptin levels decreased by 13.6% in 99% of the study population as compared to the baseline value. Upon completion of 12 weeks' treatment, fasting glucose levels decreased by 13.05% (p = 0.000**) in 79% of the study population. There was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c levels in both male and female participants (p = 0.000**), while 86.7% of the study participants showed a statistically significant decrease in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (p = 0.000**). The mean decrease in TSH levels on completion of the treatment was 14.07% in the study population as compared to baseline levels. Total blood chemistry analysis exhibited broad-spectrum safety. CONCLUSIONS This investigation demonstrated that GCB70 is safe and efficacious in healthy weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsingh Verma
- Department of Physiology, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Madhukar Mittal
- Department of Endocrinology, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Abbas Ali Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vandana Awasthi
- Department of Physiology, and Department of Transfusion Medicine, King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulatory Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Samudra P Banik
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mehul Rungta
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Manashi Bagchi
- Department of R&D, Dr. Herbs LLC, Concord, California, USA
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
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9
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Paunovic M, Milosevic M, Mitrovic-Ajtic O, Velickovic N, Micic B, Nedic O, Todorovic V, Vucic V, Petrovic S. Polyphenol-rich black currant and cornelian cherry juices ameliorate metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat high-fructose diet in Wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27709. [PMID: 38590904 PMCID: PMC10999883 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Diets high in fat and sugar lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of commercially available, cold-pressed polyphenol-rich black currant (BC) and cornelian cherry (CC) juices on the prevention of MetS in Wistar rats induced by a 10-weeks high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet. Juice consumption, either BC or CC, with a HFF diet resulted in lower serum triglycerides compared to only the HFF consumption. Both juices also mitigated the effects of HFF on the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue, by preserving liver and pancreas histomorphology and reducing visceral fat and adipocyte size. Furthermore, supplementation with both juices reduced glucagon and up-regulated insulin expression in the pancreas of the rats on the HFF diet, whereas the BC also showed improved glucose regulation. BC juice also reduced the expression of IL-6 and hepatic inflammation compared to the group only on HFF diet. Both juices, especially BC, could be a convenient solution for the prevention of MetS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Paunovic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Milosevic
- Group for Neuroendocrinology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrovic-Ajtic
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Velickovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Micic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olgica Nedic
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy (INEP), University of Belgrade, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Todorovic
- Department of Bromatology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snjezana Petrovic
- Group for Nutritional Biochemistry and Dietology, Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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González I, Lindner C, Schneider I, Diaz E, Morales MA, Rojas A. Emerging and multifaceted potential contributions of polyphenols in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:154-169. [PMID: 38464365 PMCID: PMC10921170 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as a serious public health concern with a considerable impact on human life, long-term health expenditures, and substantial health losses. In this context, the use of dietary polyphenols to prevent and manage T2DM is widely documented. These dietary compounds exert their beneficial effects through several actions, including the protection of pancreatic islet β-cell, the antioxidant capacities of these molecules, their effects on insulin secretion and actions, the regulation of intestinal microbiota, and their contribution to ameliorate diabetic complications, particularly those of vascular origin. In the present review, we intend to highlight these multifaceted actions and the molecular mechanisms by which these plant-derived secondary metabolites exert their beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana González
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
| | - Cristian Lindner
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ivan Schneider
- Centre of Primary Attention, South Metropolitan Health Service, Santiago 3830000, Chile
| | - Erik Diaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Miguel Angel Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Maule, Talca 34600000, Chile
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11
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Patel H, Li J, Bo L, Mehta R, Ashby CR, Wang S, Cai W, Chen ZS. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems to overcome drug resistance in cancer. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:5-30. [PMID: 38515777 PMCID: PMC10954245 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is defined as the application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials for the formulation of cancer therapeutics that can overcome the impediments and restrictions of traditional chemotherapeutics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells can be defined as a decrease or abrogation in the efficacy of anticancer drugs that have different molecular structures and mechanisms of action and is one of the primary causes of therapeutic failure. There have been successes in the development of cancer nanomedicine to overcome MDR; however, relatively few of these formulations have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer. This is primarily due to the paucity of knowledge about nanotechnology and the fundamental biology of cancer cells. Here, we discuss the advances, types of nanomedicines, and the challenges regarding the translation of in vitro to in vivo results and their relevance to effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Letao Bo
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riddhi Mehta
- St. John’s College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanzhi Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Costabile G, Salamone D, Della Pepa G, Vitale M, Testa R, Cipriano P, Scidà G, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L. Differential Effects of Two Isocaloric Healthy Diets on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:333. [PMID: 38337618 PMCID: PMC10857261 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of postprandial lipid responses. METHODS We investigated the effects of an isocaloric multifactorial diet, rich in n-3 PUFA, MUFA, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins, compared to an isocaloric diet, containing the same amount of MUFA, on the postprandial lipid response in T2D individuals. Following a randomized, controlled, parallel group design, 43 (25 male/18 female) T2D individuals were assigned to an isocaloric multifactorial (n = 21) or a MUFA-rich diet (n = 22). At the beginning and after the 8 weeks of dietary intervention, the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were detected at fasting and over a 4-h test meal with the same composition as the prescribed diet. RESULTS The concentrations of fasting plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol did not change after both diets. Compared with the MUFA diet, the 8-week multifactorial diet significantly lowered the postprandial response, which was evaluated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC), of triglycerides by 33% (64 ± 68 vs. 96 ± 50 mmol/L·240 min, mean ± SD, respectively, p = 0.018), total cholesterol by 105% (-51 ± 33 vs. -25 ± 29, p = 0.013), and non-HDL cholesterol by 206% (-39 ± 33 vs. -13 ± 23, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS In T2D individuals, a multifactorial diet, characterized by several beneficial components, improved the postprandial lipid response compared to a MUFA diet, generally considered a healthy diet being reduced in saturated fat, and probably contributed to the reduction of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Dominic Salamone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Roberta Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Scidà
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
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13
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Aldal'in H, Al-Nadaf AH, Awadallah A, Thiab S, Bastoni HM. Methanolic extract of S. securidaca flowers, leaves, and seeds' antihyperlipidemic effects on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in Wistar rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275382. [PMID: 37909591 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant risk factors for atherosclerosis include hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress, which together rank as three of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Securigera securidaca lowers cholesterol levels in diabetic rats' blood. This investigation's objective was to determine how methanolic extracts affected the flowers, leaves, and seeds of plants in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Five groups of animals were created (n = 5). A total of 35 days, divided into two intervals, were used for the study. Rats received HFD during the first 15-day interval, while during the second 20-day interval, they also received extracts or the Atorvastatin reference drug. The extract of seeds has a high phenol content as well as DPPH radical antioxidant activity. Extracts were given at a dose of 200 mg/kg; p.o. Methanolic treatment of S. securidaca flowers, leaves, and seeds in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats resulted in significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLC, and VLDL-C levels. HDL-C levels increased significantly because of the leaves. While in hyperlipidemic rats, seeds significantly reduced the activities of the enzymes ALT and ALP. The findings showed that, to a certain extent, seeds, flowers, and leaves may have benefits in reducing hyperlipidemia brought on by HFD in terms of lipid profiles and liver function enzymes. The findings of this study indicate a promising application prospect, but more research is needed to determine the exact mechanism of these novel compounds as antihyperlipidemic agents and to clarify their potential combination effect with synthetic drugs such as Atorvastatin. Combinations can reduce the dose of chemical medications required, which lowers the risk of side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Aldal'in
- Al-Karak University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Department of Medical Support, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - A H Al-Nadaf
- Mu'tah University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - A Awadallah
- Mu'tah University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - S Thiab
- Applied Private Science University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amman, Jordan
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14
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Koshovyi O, Vlasova I, Laur H, Kravchenko G, Krasilnikova O, Granica S, Piwowarski JP, Heinämäki J, Raal A. Chemical Composition and Insulin-Resistance Activity of Arginine-Loaded American Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, Ericaceae) Leaf Extracts. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2528. [PMID: 38004508 PMCID: PMC10675343 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key pathogenetic links in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the formation of insulin resistance (IR). Besides a wide selection of synthetic antidiabetic drugs, various plant-origin extracts are also available to support the treatment of T2DM. This study aimed to investigate and gain knowledge of the chemical composition and potential IR correction effect of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) leaf extracts and formulate novel 3D-printed oral dosage forms for such extracts. The bioactivity and IR of L-arginine-loaded cranberry leaf extracts were studied in vivo in rats. The cranberry leaf extracts consisted of quinic, 3-caffeoylquinic (chlorogenic), p-coumaroylquinic acids, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-arabino pyranoside, quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, and quercetin-O-p-coumaroyl hexoside-2 identified by HPLC. In vivo studies with rats showed that the oral administration of the cranberry leaf extracts had a positive effect on insulin sensitivity coefficients under the insulin tolerance test and affected homeostasis model assessment IR levels and liver lipid content with experimental IR. A novel 3D-printed immediate-release dosage form was developed for the oral administration of cranberry leaf extracts using polyethylene oxide as a carrier gel in semi-solid extrusion 3D printing. In conclusion, American cranberry leaf extracts loaded with L-arginine could find uses in preventing health issues associated with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Koshovyi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
| | - Inna Vlasova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (J.P.P.)
| | - Heleriin Laur
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Ganna Kravchenko
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
| | - Oksana Krasilnikova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National University of Pharmacy, 53 Pushkinska Str., 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine (G.K.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (J.P.P.)
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland (J.P.P.)
| | - Jyrki Heinämäki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
| | - Ain Raal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (O.K.); (J.H.)
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15
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Białkowska A, Górnicka M, Zielinska-Pukos MA, Hallmann E, Hamulka J. Plasma Carotenoids and Polyphenols and Their Association with MetS: The Need for Nutritional Interventions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1336. [PMID: 37507876 PMCID: PMC10376012 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by increased pro-oxidative stress and a chronic inflammation state and their consequent alterations. Several studies have highlighted the protective effect of carotenoids and polyphenols in MetS patients. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma level of selected carotenoids and polyphenols and to determine their relationship with MetS severity, MetS components, and inflammatory markers in Polish adults with metabolic disorders. It was designed as a cross-sectional study. The final study group comprised 275 adults, including 158 women and 117 men. Data were collected on the frequency of consumption of selected food groups. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of carotenoids, polyphenols, and indicators (parameters) of metabolic disorders. Plasma concentrations of selected carotenoids and polyphenols were low in adults with MetS. The highest concentrations of carotenoids and polyphenols in the blood were observed for lutein and phenolic acids (including gallic and p-coumaric acids). Nevertheless, a correlation was found between the individual bioactive compounds and MetS components. In terms of the lipid profile, our study showed that the plasma of the selected carotenoids and polyphenols positively correlated with HDL cholesterol (zeaxanthin; total carotenoids), LDL cholesterol (chlorogenic acid), triglycerides (lycopene), and the total cholesterol (kaempferol). We found that the level of CRP as a marker of inflammation negatively correlated with the concentration of zeaxanthin. In our study group, no relationship was found between the dietary antioxidant intensity and the variables studied, which may be attributed to the low frequency of consumption of the sources of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids and polyphenols, but also to the metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to determine whether these associations are causally related to the metabolic syndrome or are a result of the pathologies of the syndrome or improper diet with a low intake of vegetables and fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górnicka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika A Zielinska-Pukos
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Hallmann
- Department of Functional and Organic Food, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Senes-Lopes TFD, Luz JRDD, Guterres ZDR, Barbosa EA, Batista D, Galdino OA, Ururahy MAG, Gomes Dos Santos EC, López JA, Araujo-Silva G, Almeida MDG. Pseudobombax parvifolium Hydroalcoholic Bark Extract: Chemical Characterisation and Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Preclinical Aspects Associated with a Protective Effect on Oxidative Stress. Metabolites 2023; 13:748. [PMID: 37367906 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have long been used in traditional medicine to treat illnesses. Nevertheless, their chemical diversity requires studies to establish the extract dosage and its safe use. Pseudobombax parvifolium, an endemic species of the Brazilian Caatinga biome, is commonly used in folk medicine, due to its anti-inflammatory properties related to cellular oxidative stress; however, its biological properties have scarcely been studied. In this study, we chemically characterized the P. parvifolium hydroalcoholic bark extract (EBHE) and evaluated its cytotoxic, mutagenic, and preclinical aspects, as well as its antioxidant effect. Our phytochemical analysis revealed a significative total polyphenol content and identified loliolide for the first time in this species. Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and acute oral and repeated dose indicated no toxic effects on cell culture, Drosophila melanogaster, and Wistar rat exposure to different EBHE concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and a mild hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect with repeated oral dosing of EBHE. Although there were no significant changes in glutathione content, we did observe a significant increase in superoxide dismutase at a dose of 400 mg/kg and in glutathione peroxidase at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. These findings suggest that EBHE has potential as a source of bioactive molecules, and it can be used safely in traditional medicine and in the development of herbal medicines for application in the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Felipe de Senes-Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo 79980-000, MS, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
| | - Zaira da Rosa Guterres
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo 79980-000, MS, Brazil
| | - Eder A Barbosa
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules, Institute of Chemistry, University Campus Darcy Ribeiro, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Débora Batista
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Ony Araújo Galdino
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Cristina Gomes Dos Santos
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Jorge A López
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, State University of Amapá, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
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Demgne Loungaing V, Tonfack Djikeng F, Boungo Teboukeu G, Njike Ngamga FH, Womeni HM. The effect of soursop-flower-enriched fried palm olein on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2798-2810. [PMID: 37324895 PMCID: PMC10261762 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This work set out to, first, assess the role of soursop flower extracts (SFE) in limiting palm olein oxidation during the production of plantain chips, before ascertaining the effect of these soursop-flower-enriched fried palm olein on some biochemical and hematological parameters of rats. The extracts were added to 1.5 kg of oil at 1000, 1400, and 1800 ppm, while BHT at 200 ppm served as a positive control (PO+BHT), and the oil without additives was the negative control (PO). The samples were subjected to 15 frying cycles. Total oxidation values varied between 5.94 ± 0.0 and 31.58 ± 0.37; 8.08 ± 0.25 and 28.24 ± 0.00 and 13.71 ± 0.24 and 42.71 ± 0.40 respectively for palm olein enriched with SFE, for PO+BHT and for PO. Twenty-one groups each comprising five rats received, through dietary supplementation, oils subjected to 0, and 5, 10 and 15 frying cycles for a duration of 30 days. The alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase of rats fed with oils enriched with SFE at fresh states and at 5 frying cycles was comparable to that of the neutral control group (23.45 ± 2.65 and 93.10 ± 3.53 U/L) and lower than that of the negative control group (52.15 ± 2.01 and 124.07 ± 1.89 U/L). The HDL cholesterol of these animals was also comparable to that of the neutral control group (67.82 ± 4.06 mg/dl) and higher than that of the negative control group (50.25 ± 5.20 mg/dl). White blood cells and mean corpuscular volume of rats fed with fried olein previously enriched with SFE were lower than those fed with fried olein without additives. These extracts are recommended as natural antioxidants for the stabilization of palm olein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Demgne Loungaing
- Research Unit of Biochemistry, Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences, and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Foumbot Multipurpose StationFoumbotCameroon
| | - Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon
| | | | - Fabrice Herve Njike Ngamga
- Research Unit of Biochemistry, Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences, and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
| | - Hilaire Macaire Womeni
- Research Unit of Biochemistry, Medicinal Plants, Food Sciences, and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangDschangCameroon
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18
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Pereira L, Cotas J. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols and Other Micronutrients of Marine Origin. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:323. [PMID: 37367648 DOI: 10.3390/md21060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds found in various plants and foods, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, researchers have been exploring the therapeutic potential of marine polyphenols and other minor nutrients that are found in algae, fish and crustaceans. These compounds have unique chemical structures and exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor action. Due to these properties, marine polyphenols are being investigated as possible therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of marine polyphenols and their applications in human health, and also, in marine phenolic classes, the extraction methods, purification techniques and future applications of marine phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, IATV-Institute of Environment, Technology and Life, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Ambiente Tecnologia e Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Cotas
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, IATV-Institute of Environment, Technology and Life, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Angel-Isaza J, Carmona-Hernandez JC, González-Correa CH, Narváez-Solarte WV. Potential Hypoglycemic and Antilipidemic Activity of Polyphenols from Passiflora ligularis (Granadilla). Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083551. [PMID: 37110785 PMCID: PMC10143080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fruits or by-products from plants of the Passifloraceae family has been associated with multiple health and nutritional benefits, due to their phenolic compound content. Likewise, the effects of polyphenols from Camellia sinensis (green tea) have been explored and are considered a reference for different biological actions of these bioactive substances. This study compared the hypoglycemic and antilipemic activity of polyphenol-rich extracts of Passiflora ligularis Juss (passion fruit) and Camellia sinensis (green tea) given to a group of Wistar rats induced to be overweight. The individuals were subjected to three doses of supplementation of both sources of polyphenols in the drinking water. An additional group without polyphenol supplementation served as a control group. Water consumption, weight gain, glycemia, cholesterol, serum triglycerides and percentage of fecal ethereal extracts were analyzed. Although Passiflora ligularis Juss had five times less polyphenol content than Camellia sinensis, rats fed doses of 2.5 and 3.0 g/L Passiflora ligularis Juss showed reduced glycemia by 16%, suggesting an antiglycemic activity similar to that of Camellia sinensis. On the other hand, higher doses of polyphenols from Passiflora ligularis Juss and Camellia sinensis significantly reduced triglyceride levels (p = 0.05) by more than 17% compared to the unsupplemented control group. The polyphenol-rich extracts produced effective inhibitory activity of lipemic metabolites with a reduction in the percentage of fecal lipids (p < 0.05), with no side effects on liver tissue. The 3.0 g/L dose produced the best result on signs of metabolic syndrome associated with excess weight. Polyphenols extracted from fresh Colombian passion fruit showed the potential to decrease metabolic syndrome risk factors in a murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Angel-Isaza
- Research Group on Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Security (NUTRIMESA), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170001, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Carmona-Hernandez
- Medical Research Group, Metabolism-Nutrition-Polyphenols (MeNutrO), Universidad de Manizales, Manizales 170004, Colombia
| | - Clara Helena González-Correa
- Research Group on Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Security (NUTRIMESA), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales 170001, Colombia
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20
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Franco GA, Interdonato L, Cordaro M, Cuzzocrea S, Di Paola R. Bioactive Compounds of the Mediterranean Diet as Nutritional Support to Fight Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7318. [PMID: 37108480 PMCID: PMC10139089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal depletion. They include selective malfunction and progressive loss of neurons, glial cells, and neural networks in the brain and spinal cord. There is an urgent need to develop new and more effective therapeutic strategies to combat these devastating diseases because, today, there is no treatment that can cure degenerative diseases; however, we have many symptomatic treatments. Current nutritional approaches are beginning to reflect a fundamental change in our understanding of health. The Mediterranean diet may have a protective effect on the neurodegenerative process because it is rich in antioxidants, fiber, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increasing knowledge regarding the impact of diet on regulation at the genetic and molecular levels is changing the way we consider the role of nutrition, resulting in new dietary strategies. Natural products, thanks to their bioactive compounds, have recently undergone extensive exploration and study for their therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases. Targeting simultaneous multiple mechanisms of action and a neuroprotection approach with the diet could prevent cell death and restore function to damaged neurons. For these reasons, this review will be focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products and the associations between the Mediterranean-style diet (MD), neurodegenerative diseases, and markers and mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Antonio Franco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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21
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Serum from Adolescents with High Polyphenol Intake Exhibits Improved Lipid Profile and Prevents Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Human Liver Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1555942. [PMID: 36814955 PMCID: PMC9940959 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1555942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The traditional Mediterranean diet (MD) is characterized by a high phenolic-rich food intake, including in particular vegetables and fruits, but also legumes, whole grain cereals, nuts, and extra virgin olive oil. Evidence for beneficial effects of polyphenols in humans depends on the amount consumed and on their bioavailability. Here, we evaluated the association between the estimated polyphenol intake by fruits and vegetables food source and serum biochemical parameters in healthy adolescents, recruited into the DIMENU research project. Categorizing adolescents into three groups according to their estimated total polyphenol intake, we found that adolescents who declared high consumption of polyphenols had a higher adherence to the MD and had a better serum lipid profile than adolescents consuming low amounts of polyphenols. Moreover, using human HepG2 liver cells treated with oleic acid as an in vitro model for studying lipid accumulation, we showed that intracellular lipid accumulation is alleviated by serum from adolescents consuming a polyphenol-rich diet following MD recommendations. Our data underline the importance of promoting adherence to the typical MD foods as a superior strategy to prevent metabolic and chronic diseases and to ensure a better quality of life among adolescents.
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22
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Treatment of Dyslipidemia through Targeted Therapy of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010228. [PMID: 36615885 PMCID: PMC9823358 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a multifaceted condition with various genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Further, this condition represents an important risk factor for its related sequalae including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota and their metabolites can worsen or protect against the development of dyslipidemia. Although there are currently numerous treatment modalities available including lifestyle modification and pharmacologic interventions, there has been promising research on dyslipidemia that involves the benefits of modulating gut microbiota in treating alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we examine the relationship between gut microbiota and dyslipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota metabolites on the development of dyslipidemia, and the current research on dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and microbiota transplant as therapeutic modalities in prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which gut microbiota and their metabolites affect dyslipidemia progression will help develop more precise therapeutic targets to optimize lipid metabolism.
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23
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Polyphenols: a route from bioavailability to bioactivity addressing potential health benefits to tackle human chronic diseases. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3-38. [PMID: 36260104 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pathologies or non-communicable diseases (NCDs) include cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, neurological diseases, respiratory disorders and cancer. They are the leading global cause of human mortality and morbidity. Given their chronic nature, NCDs represent a growing social and economic burden, hence urging the need for ameliorating the existing preventive strategies, and for finding novel tackling therapies. NCDs are highly correlated with unhealthy lifestyle habits (such as high-fat and high-glucose diet, or sedentary life). In general, lifestyle approaches that might improve these habits, including dietary consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits and fibers, may contrast NCD symptoms and prolong life expectancy of affected people. Polyphenols (PPLs) are plant-derived molecules with demonstrated biological activities in humans, which include: radical scavenging and anti-oxidant activities, capability to modulate inflammation, as well as human enzymes, and even to bind nuclear receptors. For these reasons, PPLs are currently tested, both preclinically and clinically, as dietary adjuvants for the prevention and treatment of NCDs. In this review, we describe the human metabolism and bioactivity of PPLs. Also, we report what is currently known about PPLs interaction with gastro-intestinal enzymes and gut microbiota, which allows their biotransformation in many different metabolites with several biological functions. The systemic bioactivity of PPLs and the newly available PPL-delivery nanosystems are also described in detail. Finally, the up-to-date clinical studies assessing both safety and efficacy of dietary PPLs in individuals with different NCDs are hereby reported. Overall, the clinical results support the notion that PPLs from fruits, vegetables, but also from leaves or seeds extracts, are safe and show significant positive results in ameliorating symptoms and improving the whole quality of life of people with NCDs.
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24
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Feldman F, Koudoufio M, El-Jalbout R, Sauvé MF, Ahmarani L, Sané AT, Ould-Chikh NEH, N’Timbane T, Patey N, Desjardins Y, Stintzi A, Spahis S, Levy E. Cranberry Proanthocyanidins as a Therapeutic Strategy to Curb Metabolic Syndrome and Fatty Liver-Associated Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010090. [PMID: 36670951 PMCID: PMC9854780 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is steadily increasing worldwide, no optimal pharmacotherapy is readily available to address its multifaceted risk factors and halt its complications. This growing challenge mandates the development of other future curative directions. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the efficacy of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) in improving MetS pathological conditions and liver complications; C57BL/6J mice were fed either a standard chow or a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet with and without PACs (200 mg/kg), delivered by daily gavage for 12 weeks. Our results show that PACs lowered HFHS-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. In conjunction, PACs lessened circulatory markers of oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation. Similarly, the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities of PACs were noted in the liver in association with improved hepatic steatosis. Inhibition of lipogenesis and stimulation of beta-oxidation could account for PACs-mediated decline of fatty liver as evidenced not only by the expression of rate-limiting enzymes but also by the status of AMPKα (the key sensor of cellular energy) and the powerful transcription factors (PPARα, PGC1α, SREBP1c, ChREBP). Likewise, treatment with PACs resulted in the downregulation of critical enzymes of liver gluconeogenesis, a process contributing to increased rates of glucose production in type 2 diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that PACs prevented obesity and improved insulin resistance likely via suppression of OxS and inflammation while diminishing hyperlipidemia and fatty liver disease, as clear evidence for their strength of fighting the cluster of MetS abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Feldman
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mireille Koudoufio
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ramy El-Jalbout
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lena Ahmarani
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alain Théophile Sané
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | | | - Thierry N’Timbane
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Natalie Patey
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 4L3, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-7783
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25
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Naz S, Imran I, Farooq MA, Shah SAH, Ajmal I, Zahra Z, Aslam A, Sarwar MI, Shah J, Aleem A. Hyperglycemia-associated Alzheimer's-like symptoms and other behavioral effects attenuated by Plumeria obtusa L. Extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1077570. [PMID: 36588726 PMCID: PMC9800837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1077570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic complaint with numerous short- and long-term complications that harm a person's physical and psychological health. Plumeria obtusa L. is a traditional medicine used in the treatment of diabetes to reduce complications related to behavior. Plumeria is a genus with antipsychotic activities. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a methanolic extract of Plumeria obtusa L. in the attenuation of diabetes, on symptoms of Alzheimer disease, and on other associated behavioral aspects. A single dose of alloxan was administered to an experimental group of rats to induce development of diabetes (150 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and the rats were then administered selected doses of methanolic extract of Plumeria obtusa L. (Po.Cr) or glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) for 45 consecutive days. Behavioral effects were evaluated using three validated assays of anxiety-related behavior: the open field test, the light and dark test, and the elevated plus maze. Anti-depressant effects of Plumeria obtusa L. were evaluated using the forced swim test (FST) and memory and learning were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Po.Cr was also evaluated for phytochemicals using total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography assays, and antioxidant capability was assessed through assays of DPPH radical scavenging, total oxidation capacity, and total reducing capacity. In the alloxan-induced model of diabetes, the administration of Po.Cr and glibenclamide for 45 days produced a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in hyperglycemia compared to control animals. Po.Cr treatment also resulted in improvement in indicators, such as body weight and lipid profile (p < 0.05), as well as restoration of normal levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), a biomarker of liver function. Diabetic rats presented more Alzheimer-like symptoms, with greater impairment of memory and learning, and increased anxiety and depression compared to non-diabetic normal rats, whereas treated diabetic rats showed significant improvements in memory and behavioral outcomes. These results demonstrate that Po.Cr reversed alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and ameliorated Alzheimer-related behavioral changes, which supports additional study and assessment of conventional use of the plant to treat diabetes and associated behavioral complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeera Naz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Farooq
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Muhammad Asad Farooq, ; Jaffer Shah, ; Ambreen Aleem, ,
| | - Syed Adil Hussain Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Ajmal
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zartash Zahra
- Gujrat Institute of Management Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Gujrat Campus, Gujrat, India
| | - Aqsa Aslam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jaffer Shah
- Department of Health, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Muhammad Asad Farooq, ; Jaffer Shah, ; Ambreen Aleem, ,
| | - Ambreen Aleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Muhammad Asad Farooq, ; Jaffer Shah, ; Ambreen Aleem, ,
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26
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AlSaffar RM, Rashid S, Ahmad SB, Rehman MU, Hussain I, Parvaiz Ahmad S, Ganaie MA. D-limonene (5 (one-methyl-four-[1-methylethenyl]) cyclohexane) diminishes CCl 4-induced cardiac toxicity by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammatory and cardiac markers. Redox Rep 2022; 27:92-99. [PMID: 35435141 PMCID: PMC9037211 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2062947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The cardiovascular crisis is advancing rapidly throughout the world. A large number of studies have shown that plant polyphenols affect major mechanisms involved in cardiovascular events through their action on the antioxidant system, signaling, and transcription pathways. D-limonene, a monocyclic monoterpene obtained from citrus fruits, is reported to possess many pharmacological activities.Methods: The experiment was designed to determine the protective effect of D-limonene against cardiac injury induced by CCl4 in Wistar rats. Rats were treated with two doses of D-limonene against cardiac injury induced by CCl4. Serum toxicity markers, cardiac toxicity biomarker enzymes, inflammatory mediators, anti-oxidant armory, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, and histology were done.Results: CCl4 intoxication resulted in a substantial rise in FFA, TC, TG, PL, LDL, VLDL, and a reduction in HDL, restoring these changes with the administration of D-limonene at a dosage of 200 mg/kg. CCl4 administration also resulted in lipid oxidation and decreased antioxidant activity. At the same time, D-limonene at a dosage of 200 mg/kg body weight inhibited LPO and restored in vivo antioxidant components to normal. CCl4 intoxication also resulted in a significant increase in inflammatory markers like IL-6, TNF-α, high sensitivity Corticotropin Releasing Factor (Hs-CRF), and biomarkers of cardiac toxicity like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CKMB), and Troponin I & troponin-t activities. D-limonene reversed all these changes to normal. Histology further confirmed our obtained results.Conclusion: These findings indicate that D-limonene can ameliorate cardiac injury at a 200 mg/kg body weight dosage. Henceforth, D-Limonene intervenes in mediating CCl4 induced toxicity by various signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M AlSaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muneeb U Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishraq Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Statics, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology , College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Osmanthus Fragrans Loaded NIPAAM Hydrogel Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100659. [PMID: 36286160 PMCID: PMC9601630 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to find long-acting, natural osteogenesis-promoting drug systems. In this study, first the potential targets and mechanism of osmanthus fragrans (O. fragrans) extract in regulating osteogenic differentiation based on autophagy were analyzed by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Then, osmanthus fragrans was extracted using the ethanol reflux method and an osmanthus fragrans extract loaded Poly N-isopropylacrylamide (OF/NIPAAM) hydrogel was prepared by electron beam radiation. The chemical components of the osmanthus fragrans extract and the microstructure of OF/NIPAAM hydrogels were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Mouse embryonic osteoblast precursor cells MC3T3-E1 were cultured with different concentrations of OF/NIPAAM hydrogel to discover cell proliferation activity by CCK-8 assay. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were used to observe the differentiation and calcification. Through experimental exploration, we found that a total of 11 targets were predicted, which are TP53, CASP3, SIRT1, etc., and osmanthus fragrans had good binding activity to TP53. In vitro, except for proliferation promotion, OF/NIPAAM hydrogel enhanced ALP activity and formation of mineralized nodules of MC3T3-E1 cells at a concentration equal to or less than 62.5 μg/mL (p < 0.05). The addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) reduced ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation.
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Ahmadi A, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Polyphenols and atherosclerosis: A critical review of clinical effects on LDL oxidation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106414. [PMID: 36028188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major etiology of cardiovascular disease that causes considerable mortality. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is a fundamental attributor to atherosclerosis. Therefore, there seems to be an essential place for antioxidant therapy besides the current treatment protocols for coronary heart disease. Polyphenols are a class of compounds with substantial antioxidant properties that have shown the ability to reduce LDL oxidation in preclinical studies. However, clinical evidence has not been as conclusive although offering many promising signs. This review aims to examine the trials that have evaluated how dietary intake of polyphenols in different forms might influence the oxidation of LDL. Lowering the circulating cholesterol, incorporation into LDL particles, and enhancing systemic antioxidant activity are among the main mechanisms of action for polyphenols for lowering oxLDL. On the other hand, the population under study significantly affects the impact on oxLDL, as the type of the supplement and phenolic content. To conclude, although the polyphenols might decrease inflammation and enhance endothelial function via lowering oxLDL, there are still many gaps in our knowledge that need to be filled with further high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Asutralia, Perth, Australia; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948567, Iran.
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29
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Consider old and new approaches when treating dyslipidaemia. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-022-00947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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30
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Polyphenols in Metabolic Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196280. [PMID: 36234817 PMCID: PMC9570923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are a large group of phytochemicals containing phenolic rings with two or more hydroxyl groups. They possess powerful antioxidant properties, multiple therapeutic effects, and possible health benefits in vivo and in vitro, as well as reported clinical studies. Considering their free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties, these substances can be used to treat different kinds of conditions associated with metabolic disorders. Many symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MtS), including obesity, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, elevated blood sugar, accelerating aging, liver intoxication, hypertension, as well as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, are substantially relieved by dietary PPs. The present study explores the bioprotective properties and associated underlying mechanisms of PPs. A detailed understanding of these natural compounds will open up new opportunities for producing unique natural PP-rich dietary and medicinal plans, ultimately affirming their health benefits.
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31
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Liu Y, Liu C, Kou X, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhen N, Jiang J, Zhaxi P, Xue Z. Synergistic Hypolipidemic Effects and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:2774. [PMID: 36140902 PMCID: PMC9497508 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, a chronic disorder of abnormal lipid metabolism, can induce obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Increasing evidence indicates that phytochemicals may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and management of hyperlipidemia and its complications. At the same time, the concept of synergistic hypolipidemic and its application in the food industry is rapidly increasing as a practical approach to preserve and improve the health-promoting effects of functional ingredients. The current review focuses on the effects of single phytochemicals on hyperlipidemia and its mechanisms. Due to the complexity of the lipid metabolism regulatory network, the synergistic regulation of different metabolic pathways or targets may be more effective than single pathways or targets in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This review summarizes for the first time the synergistic hypolipidemic effects of different combinations of phytochemicals such as combinations of the same category of phytochemicals and combinations of different categories of phytochemicals. In addition, based on the different metabolic pathways or targets involved in synergistic effects, the possible mechanisms of synergistic hypolipidemic effects of the phytochemical combination are illustrated in this review. Hence, this review provides clues to boost more phytochemical synergistic hypolipidemic research and provides a theoretical basis for the development of phytochemicals with synergistic effects on hyperlipidemia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Dynamiker Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ni Zhen
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Jingyu Jiang
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Puba Zhaxi
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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32
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Aleem A, Shahnaz S, Javaid S, Ashraf W, Rasool MF, Ahmad T, F.Alotaibi A, Albeshri KS, Alqahtani F, Imran I. Chronically administered Agave americana var. marginata extract ameliorates diabetes mellitus, associated behavioral comorbidities and biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1373-1386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Fogacci F, Rizzoli E, Giovannini M, Bove M, D’Addato S, Borghi C, Cicero AFG. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Eufortyn ® Colesterolo Plus on Serum Lipids, Endothelial Reactivity, Indexes of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Systemic Inflammation in Healthy Subjects with Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia: The ANEMONE Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2099. [PMID: 35631240 PMCID: PMC9145013 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate if dietary supplementation with a nutraceutical compound (Eufortyn® Colesterolo Plus) containing standardized bergamot polyphenolic fraction phytosome (Vazguard®), artichoke extract (Pycrinil®), artichoke dry extract. (Cynara scolymus L.), Q10 phytosome(Ubiqosome®) and zinc, could positively affect serum lipids concentration, systemic inflammation and indexes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 60 healthy subjects with polygenic hypercholesterolemia. Participants were adhering to a low-fat, low-sodium Mediterranean diet for a month before being randomly allocated to 8-week treatment with 1 pill each day of either Eufortyn® Colesterolo Plus or placebo. Dietary supplementation with Eufortyn® Colesterolo Plus was associated with significant improvement in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and endothelial reactivity (ER) in comparison with baseline, and with significant reductions in waist circumference, TC, LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, lipid accumulation product and fatty liver index compared to placebo. The study shows that dietary supplementation with standardized bergamot polyphenolic fraction phytosome, artichoke extracts, Q10 phytosome and zinc safely exerts significant improvements in serum lipids, systemic inflammation, indexes of NAFLD and endothelial reactivity in healthy subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Fogacci
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola—Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rizzoli
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola—Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola—Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilisa Bove
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola—Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio D’Addato
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola—Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola—Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arrigo F. G. Cicero
- Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Research Center, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (E.R.); (M.G.); (M.B.); (S.D.); (C.B.)
- IRCCS Policlinico S. Orsola—Malpighi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut), 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Kim SJ, Anh NH, Jung CW, Long NP, Park S, Cho YH, Yoon YC, Lee EG, Kim M, Son EY, Kim TH, Deng Y, Lim J, Kwon SW. Metabolic and Cardiovascular Benefits of Apple and Apple-Derived Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:766155. [PMID: 35449537 PMCID: PMC9016272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.766155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative evidence of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of apples (Malus domestica) is lacking in interventional studies. This study aimed to summarize the available evidence of the beneficial effects of apples and apple-derived products (ADPs) on metabolic and cardiovascular markers. Methods Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from four databases on May 3, 2021 and regularly updated until the end of May 2021. Demographic characteristics, intervention types, and evaluation parameters were extracted. A meta-analysis on the mean difference of change scores was conducted on commonly presented outcomes in the RCTs. Results The metabolic and cardiovascular effects of diverse regimens, including whole apple, apple extract, and apple juice, were examined in 18 eligible RCTs. Nine common evaluation outcomes were eventually introduced to the meta-analysis, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, and systolic/diastolic blood pressures. The levels of TC (-2.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.43, 0.04 mg/dL) and LDL (-2.80 mg/dL; 95% CI: -5.78, 0.17 mg/dL) showed a non-significant decreasing tendency after at least a week of apple consumption. Further subgroup analysis, particularly, a comparison with placebo as a control, showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL levels. When stratified by the baseline level, subjects with high TC and LDL level were shown to have more benefits from the apple intake. Intriguingly, apple and ADPs significantly reduced HDL levels to a small extent (-1.04 mg/dL; 95% CI: -1.79, -0.29 mg/dL). The other markers were mostly unaffected by the intervention. Conclusion Our investigation revealed that apples could improve blood cholesterol levels. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020215977].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongoh Park
- Department of Statistics, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Cho
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Goo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Young Son
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ha Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yingqian Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Batista D, Romáryo Duarte da Luz J, Evellyn Silva Do Nascimento T, Felipe de Senes-Lopes T, Araújo Galdino O, Victor E Silva S, Pinheiro Ferreira M, Arrison Dos Santos Azevedo M, Brandão-Neto J, Araujo-Silva G, López JA, das Graças Almeida M. Licania rigida leaf extract: Protective effect on oxidative stress, associated with cytotoxic, mutagenic and preclinical aspects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2022; 85:276-290. [PMID: 34789080 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.2002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian plant biodiversity is a rich alternative source of bioactive compounds since plant-derived extracts and/or their secondary metabolites exhibit potential properties to treat several diseases. In this context, Licania rigida Benth (Chrysobalanaceae Family), a large evergreen tree distributed in Brazilian semi-arid regions, deserves attention for its widespread use in popular medicine, although its biological properties are still poorly studied. The aim of this study was to examine (1) acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity at 2000 mg/kg dose; (2) in vitro cytotoxicity at 0.1; 1; 10; 100 or 1000 µg/ml; (3) in vivo mutagenicity at 5, 10 or 20 mg/ml, and (4) potential antioxidant protective effect of L. rigida aqueous leaf extract of (AELr). No marked apparent toxic and genotoxic effects were observed using in vitro and in vivo assays after in vitro treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1) with AELr or in vivo exposure of Wistar rats and Drosophila melanogaster to different extract concentrations. Concerning the antioxidant effect, the extract exhibited a protective effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation as determined by malondialdehyde levels. No significant changes were observed for glutathione (GSH) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Data demonstrate the beneficial potential of AELr to be employed for therapeutic purposes. However, further studies are required to validate the pharmacological application of this plant extract to develop as a phytotherapeutic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Batista
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Thayse Evellyn Silva Do Nascimento
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Tiago Felipe de Senes-Lopes
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Ony Araújo Galdino
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Saulo Victor E Silva
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Macelia Pinheiro Ferreira
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Arrison Dos Santos Azevedo
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Araujo-Silva
- Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Degree in Chemistry, Amapá State University (Ueap), Macapá/AP, Brazil
| | - Jorge A López
- Graduate Program in Industrial Biotechnology, Tiradentes University/Research and Technology Institute, Aracaj u/SE, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Almeida
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal/RN, Brazil
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Papagianni O, Delli E, Vasila ME, Loukas T, Magkoutis A, Dimou C, Karantonis HC, Koutelidakis AE. The Acute Effect of a Novel Miso-Type Sauce, Enhanced with a Carotenoid-Rich Extract from Fruit By-Products, on Postprandial Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:1316. [PMID: 35334973 PMCID: PMC8954115 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several fruit by-products may exert a beneficial role on oxidative stress and inflammation modulation, providing essential bioactive components, such as polyphenols and carotenoids. Recently, the potential bioactivity of miso has been reported. The aim of this dietary intervention−clinical study was to evaluate the acute effect of a novel, functional miso-type sauce based on legumes, on postprandial biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this randomized, cross-over design, intervention−clinical trial, 14 healthy volunteers, aged 20−30 years old, consumed a rice meal rich in fat and carbohydrates (258 g), containing a legume-based sauce. After a 1-week washout period, the same subjects consumed the same meal, containing the novel fermented miso-type sauce, enhanced with 50% carotenoid-rich, fruit peel extract. Differences in postprandial total plasma antioxidant capacity according to the FRAP method, serum lipids, glucose, uric acid levels, and antithrombotic activity in platelet-rich plasma were evaluated before, 30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h after consumption. The results showed that, in comparison to the control group, consumption of the novel sauce resulted in a significantly increased total plasma antioxidant capacity 3 h after consumption (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed a significant attenuation of triglycerides concentration increase in the last 1.5 h in the functional group (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in serum aggregation was found at 30 min and 3 h after functional sauce intake in comparison with the baseline (p < 0.05). Finally, LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced 3 h after the functional meal consumption, in comparison with baseline values (p < 0.05). The remaining biomarkers did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Further investigation is needed in order to validate the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papagianni
- Human Nutrition Unit, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of the Aegean, 11472 Myrina, Greece; (O.P.); (E.D.); (M.-E.V.); (C.D.)
| | - Eleni Delli
- Human Nutrition Unit, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of the Aegean, 11472 Myrina, Greece; (O.P.); (E.D.); (M.-E.V.); (C.D.)
| | - Melina-Eleni Vasila
- Human Nutrition Unit, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of the Aegean, 11472 Myrina, Greece; (O.P.); (E.D.); (M.-E.V.); (C.D.)
| | - Thomas Loukas
- Outpatιent Clinic, 11472 Myrina, Greece; (T.L.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Charalampia Dimou
- Human Nutrition Unit, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of the Aegean, 11472 Myrina, Greece; (O.P.); (E.D.); (M.-E.V.); (C.D.)
| | - Haralampos C. Karantonis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of the Aegean, 11472 Myrina, Greece;
| | - Antonios E. Koutelidakis
- Human Nutrition Unit, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Food Science and Nutrition Department, University of the Aegean, 11472 Myrina, Greece; (O.P.); (E.D.); (M.-E.V.); (C.D.)
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Muhammad Abdul Kadar NN, Ahmad F, Teoh SL, Yahaya MF. Caffeic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185490. [PMID: 34576959 PMCID: PMC8465857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors that may lead to a more sinister disease. Raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia in the form of elevated triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, raised fasting glucose, and central obesity are the risk factors that could lead to full-blown diabetes, heart disease, and many others. With increasing sedentary lifestyles, coupled with the current COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers of people affected with MetS will be expected to grow in the coming years. While keeping these factors checked with the polypharmacy available currently, there is no single strategy that can halt or minimize the effect of MetS to patients. This opens the door for a more natural way of controlling the disease. Caffeic acid (CA) is a phytonutrient belonging to the flavonoids that can be found in abundance in plants, fruits, and vegetables. CA possesses a wide range of beneficial properties from antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antianxiolytic, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. This review discusses the current discovery of the effect of CA against MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellysha Namela Muhammad Abdul Kadar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (N.N.M.A.K.); (F.A.); (S.L.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee HB, Do MH, Jhun H, Ha SK, Song HS, Roh SW, Chung WH, Nam YD, Park HY. Amelioration of Hepatic Steatosis in Mice through Bacteroides uniformis CBA7346-Mediated Regulation of High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Lipogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2989. [PMID: 34578867 PMCID: PMC8471872 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits and gut microbiota play an essential role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related factors such as insulin resistance and de novo lipogenesis. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Bacteroides uniformis CBA7346, isolated from the gut of healthy Koreans, on mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Administration of B. uniformis CBA7346 reduced body and liver weight gain, serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, liver steatosis, and liver triglyceride levels in mice on an HFD; the strain also decreased homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values, as well as serum cholesterol, triglyceride, lipopolysaccharide, leptin, and adiponectin levels in mice on an HFD. Moreover, B. uniformis CBA7346 controlled fatty liver disease by attenuating steatosis and inflammation and regulating de novo lipogenesis-related proteins in mice on an HFD. Taken together, these findings suggest that B. uniformis CBA7346 ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD by reducing insulin resistance and regulating de novo lipogenesis in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.-B.L.); (M.-H.D.); (S.-K.H.); (W.-H.C.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Wanju 54896, Korea
| | - Moon-Ho Do
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.-B.L.); (M.-H.D.); (S.-K.H.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Hyunjhung Jhun
- Technical Assistance Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeonju 55365, Korea;
| | - Sang-Keun Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.-B.L.); (M.-H.D.); (S.-K.H.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Hye-Seon Song
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (S.-W.R.)
| | - Seong-Woon Roh
- Microbiology and Functionality Research Group, World institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (S.-W.R.)
| | - Won-Hyong Chung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.-B.L.); (M.-H.D.); (S.-K.H.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.-B.L.); (M.-H.D.); (S.-K.H.); (W.-H.C.)
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.-B.L.); (M.-H.D.); (S.-K.H.); (W.-H.C.)
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The Effects of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction, Cynara cardunculus, and Olea europea L. Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072158. [PMID: 34201904 PMCID: PMC8308299 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline that is commonly used as a chemotherapy drug due to its cytotoxic effects. The clinical use of doxorubicin is limited due to its known cardiotoxic effects. Treatment with anthracyclines causes heart failure in 15–17% of patients, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium dysregulation, the deterioration of the cardiomyocyte structure, and apoptotic cell death. Polyphenols have a wide range of beneficial properties, and particular importance is given to Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction; Oleuropein, one of the main polyphenolic compounds of olive oil; and Cynara cardunculus extract. These natural compounds have particular beneficial characteristics, owing to their high polyphenol contents. Among these, their antioxidant and antoproliferative properties are the most important. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of these three plant derivatives using an in vitro model of cardiotoxicity induced by the treatment of rat embryonic cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) with doxorubicin. The biological mechanisms involved and the crosstalk existing between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were examined. Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction, Oleuropein, and Cynara cardunculus extract were able to decrease the damage induced by exposure to doxorubicin. In particular, these natural compounds were found to reduce cell mortality and oxidative damage, increase the lipid content, and decrease the concentration of calcium ions that escaped from the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the direct involvement of this cellular organelle was demonstrated by silencing the ATF6 arm of the Unfolded Protein Response, which was activated after treatment with doxorubicin.
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Toulabi T, Yarahmadi M, Goudarzi F, Ebrahimzadeh F, Momenizadeh A, Yarahmadi S. Effects of flaxseed on blood pressure, body mass index, and total cholesterol in hypertensive patients: A randomized clinical trial. Explore (NY) 2021; 18:438-445. [PMID: 34119421 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the antioxidant properties of flaxseed and its biologically active ingredients, this study was conducted to determine the effects of flaxseed supplementation on body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and total cholesterol levels in patients with hypertension. METHODS In this triple-blind clinical trial, 112 patients, with an age range of 35 to 70 years, were randomized to 2 groups receiving 10 g (n = 45) and 30 g (n = 45) of flaxseed supplementation and 1 group receiving placebo (n = 45) for 12 weeks by stratified block randomization. They were evaluated in terms of systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), BMI, and total serum cholesterol. Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and food intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The data were analyzed with SPSS, version 22, using the chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, repeated measures analysis, ANOVA, and ANCOVA tests. RESULTS The interaction effects among the study groups and time on the mean SBP (p = 0.001), DBP (p = 0.001), total cholesterol level (p = 0.032), and BMI (p < 0.001) were significant. During the study, the 30-g group achieved the best results, so that a 13.38-unit decrease in SBP was observed compared to a 1.72 unit increase in the placebo group and a 5.6-unit decrease in DBP was measured compared to a 2.39 unit increase in the placebo group. BMI decreased by 0.86 units compared to 0.06 units in the placebo group. Total cholesterol also decreased by 20.4 units compared to 11.86 units in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that flaxseed can be effective in reducing blood pressure, total cholesterol, and body mass index in hypertensive patients in a twelve-week period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Toulabi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Masomeh Yarahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fateme Goudarzi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farzad Ebrahimzadeh
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Momenizadeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sajad Yarahmadi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Luna-Castillo KP, Lin S, Muñoz-Valle JF, Vizmanos B, López-Quintero A, Márquez-Sandoval F. Functional Food and Bioactive Compounds on the Modulation of the Functionality of HDL-C: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:1165. [PMID: 33916032 PMCID: PMC8066338 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a serious public health problem and are the primary cause of death worldwide. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been identified as one of the most important molecules in the prevention of CVD due to its multiple anti-inflammatories, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidant properties. Currently, it has been observed that maintaining healthy levels of HDL-C does not seem to be sufficient if the functionality of this particle is not adequate. Modifications in the structure and composition of HDL-C lead to a pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and dysfunctional version of the molecule. Various assays have evaluated some HDL-C functions on risk populations, but they were not the main objective in some of these. Functional foods and dietary compounds such as extra virgin olive oil, nuts, whole grains, legumes, fresh fish, quercetin, curcumin, ginger, resveratrol, and other polyphenols could increase HDL functionality by improving the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity. Nevertheless, additional rigorous research basic and applied is required in order to better understand the association between diet and HDL functionality. This will enable the development of nutritional precision management guidelines for healthy HDL to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults. The aim of the study was to increase the understanding of dietary compounds (functional foods and bioactive components) on the functionality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paulina Luna-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
| | - Sophia Lin
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (J.F.M.-V.); (B.V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
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