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Baert C, Sazdov B, Stankoski S, Gjoreski H, Nduka C, Jordan C. Pilot Study to Reduce Chewing and Eating Rates Using Haptic Feedback from the OCOsense Glasses. Appetite 2025:108056. [PMID: 40349934 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2025.108056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2025] [Revised: 05/09/2025] [Accepted: 05/09/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is a global concern and chewing manipulation has shown promising results for weight management. This preliminary pilot study explored the use of the OCOsense glasses to deliver personalised haptic feedback to encourage slower chewing. It was hypothesized that feedback would reduce chewing rate. A repeated-measures experimental design was used. At T1, participants consumed pasta to collect baseline chewing rates. At T2 (one week later), participants ate pasta but received haptic feedback when chewing exceeded 80% of their T1 rate. Additional measures included eating rate, food intake, hunger, fullness, feasibility, and acceptability. Twenty-two participants (BMI 18.5-29.9) were recruited. Chewing rate data were collected using the OCOsense glasses. Eating rate was calculated as grams/min by weighing food pre/post-meal, and hunger/fullness levels were self-reported. T-tests compared T1 and T2 data, while feasibility and acceptability were evaluated descriptively. Results showed significant reductions in chewing rate (t(21) = 7.3, p < 0.001) and eating rate (T(N = 22) = 11, p < 0.001) at T2. Despite higher hunger levels at T2 (t(21) = -3.095, p = 0.005), food intake remained unchanged (t(21) = 0.093, p = 0.927). The system ran smoothly and was deemed acceptable. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that haptic feedback may reduce chewing rate, highlighting potential for modifying eating behaviour. However, methodological limitations-such as lack of randomisation and control for confounders-warrant cautious interpretation. Future research should explore effects in individuals with obesity. The OCOsense glasses represent a promising tool for addressing eating habits and obesity through innovative technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Baert
- Emteq Ltd., Science Park Road, Brighton BN1 9SB; University of Derby, Kedleston Rd, Derby DE22 1GB.
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Aoshima M, Deguchi K, Yamamoto-Wada R, Ushiroda C, Hiraiwa E, Yokoi M, Ono C, Yoshida M, Iizuka K. Greater Numbers of Chews and Bites and Slow External Rhythmic Stimulation Prolong Meal Duration in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2025; 17:962. [PMID: 40289966 PMCID: PMC11944391 DOI: 10.3390/nu17060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2025] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/05/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Slow eating is recommended for obese individuals. We aimed to determine the associations between meal duration and various factors (sex, numbers of chews and bites, eating tempo (including forced rhythm with a metronome) and BMI). METHODS Using a test meal (a quarter slice of pizza), we tested the sex difference of the meal duration, numbers of chews and bites, and eating tempo for thirty three healthy subjects (M: 15; F: 18) aged 37.2 ± 11.1 years via unpaired t tests. Next, factors influencing meal duration were identified via multivariate analysis (adjusted for sex), with meal duration as the dependent variable. RESULTS The meal duration and numbers of chews and bites differed significantly between sexes (63.1 ± 20.7 vs. 87.4 ± 22.8, p = 0.003; 80.3 ± 28.7 vs. 107.0 ± 36.1, p = 0.02; 2.1 ± 1.1 vs. 4.5 ± 2.6, p = 0.001, respectively), but the chewing tempo was similar (p = 0.32). Meal duration was associated with the number of chews (β = 0.6 [0.4, 0.7], p < 0.001) and bites (5.8 [2.5, 9.2], p = 0.001) but not with BMI (p = 0.52) or chewing tempo (p = 0.99). Finally, when a metronome was used to force rhythmic stimulation (0/40/80/160 bpm), compared with 0 bpm, slow stimulation (40 bpm) resulted in increased meal duration (mean difference [95% CI] = -47.0 [-66.4, -27.7], p < 0.0001), chews (-28.6 [-44.5, 12.8], p = 0.0003), and bites (-4.9 [-7.9, 1.9] p = 0.001) and delayed tempo (10.4 [4.5, 16.3], p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Meal duration was positively associated with the numbers of chews and bites and negatively associated with chewing tempo. Thus, increasing the numbers of bites and chews and slowing the eating tempo may prolong meal duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Aoshima
- Faculty of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.A.); (E.H.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.D.); (R.Y.-W.); (C.U.)
| | - Kanako Deguchi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.D.); (R.Y.-W.); (C.U.)
| | - Risako Yamamoto-Wada
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.D.); (R.Y.-W.); (C.U.)
| | - Chihiro Ushiroda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.D.); (R.Y.-W.); (C.U.)
| | - Eri Hiraiwa
- Faculty of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.A.); (E.H.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.D.); (R.Y.-W.); (C.U.)
| | - Miyuki Yokoi
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Chisato Ono
- Department of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University Haneda Clinic, Tokyo 144-0041, Japan;
| | - Mitsuyoshi Yoshida
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.Y.); (M.Y.)
| | - Katsumi Iizuka
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.D.); (R.Y.-W.); (C.U.)
- Food and Nutrition Service Department, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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Tang SS, Zhao XF, An XD, Sun WJ, Kang XM, Sun YT, Jiang LL, Gao Q, Li ZH, Ji HY, Lian FM. Classification and identification of risk factors for type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16:100371. [PMID: 39959280 PMCID: PMC11718467 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i2.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been increasingly researched, but the lack of systematic identification and categorization makes it difficult for clinicians to quickly and accurately access and understand all the risk factors, which are categorized in this paper into five categories: Social determinants, lifestyle, checkable/testable risk factors, history of illness and medication, and other factors, which are discussed in a narrative review. Meanwhile, this paper points out the problems of the current research, helps to improve the systematic categorisation and practicality of T2DM risk factors, and provides a professional research basis for clinical practice and industry decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Fei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue-Dong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Min Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ze-Hua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hang-Yu Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
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Jiménez-ten Hoevel C, Llauradó E, Valls RM, Besora-Moreno M, Queral J, Solà R, Pedret A. Effects of Chewing Gum on Satiety, Appetite Regulation, Energy Intake, and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2025; 17:435. [PMID: 39940293 PMCID: PMC11821061 DOI: 10.3390/nu17030435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2025] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 02/14/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New approaches for the management of obesity, a worldwide problem and a major determinant of disability and mortality, are needed. Mastication influences appetite and satiety mechanisms via actual food or sham feeding. However, the effect of mastication of chewing gum, a type of sham feeding, on appetite regulation has not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the influence of chewing gum on appetite regulation, satiety, energy intake, and weight loss via randomized controlled Trials. METHODS This study was conducted in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023432699). Electronic databases MEDLINE®/PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from July 2023 to September 2024. The quality of each included study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, RoB 2. RESULTS A total of eight articles with nine RCTs were included in this systematic review. Seven out of nine RCTs evaluated appetite regulation. Five out of seven RCTs reported a significant suppressing effect of hunger, three out of five RCTs reported a significant reduction in desire to eat, and three out of four reported a significant reduction in the desire to eat a sweet snack, all of them compared to the control group. However, the effects on satiety, energy intake, and weight loss are not conclusive. CONCLUSIONS Chewing gum could be a promising non-pharmacological tool for obesity management through appetite regulation; however, further research, with sustained RCTs evaluating the sustained effects of gum chewing on appetite and weight management, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jiménez-ten Hoevel
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.J.-t.H.); (R.M.V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.Q.); (A.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.J.-t.H.); (R.M.V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.Q.); (A.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.J.-t.H.); (R.M.V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.Q.); (A.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Besora-Moreno
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.J.-t.H.); (R.M.V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.Q.); (A.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Judit Queral
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.J.-t.H.); (R.M.V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.Q.); (A.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus-Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.J.-t.H.); (R.M.V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.Q.); (A.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus-Tarragona, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.J.-t.H.); (R.M.V.); (M.B.-M.); (J.Q.); (A.P.)
- Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere i Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus-Tarragona, Spain
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Verdelho Machado M. Circadian Deregulation: Back Facing the Sun Toward Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Development. Nutrients 2024; 16:4294. [PMID: 39770915 PMCID: PMC11679855 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 12/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Earth's rotation around its axis has pressured its inhabitants to adapt to 24 h cycles of day and night. Humans adapted their own circadian rhythms to the Earth's rhythms with a light-aligned awake-sleep cycle. As a consequence, metabolism undergoes drastic changes throughout the circadian cycle and needs plasticity to cope with opposing conditions in the day (when there is an increase in energy demands and food availability), and during the night (when prolonged fasting couples with cyclic changes in the energy demands across the sleep stages). In the last century, human behavior changed dramatically with a disregard for the natural circadian cycles. This misalignment in sleep and eating schedules strongly modulates the metabolism and energy homeostasis, favoring the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review summarizes the effects of circadian disruption, with a particular focus on the feeding and sleep cycles in the development of MASLD and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Verdelho Machado
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital de Vila Franca de Xira, 2600-009 Vila Franca de Xira, Portugal; ; Tel.: +351-912620306
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Stankoski S, Kiprijanovska I, Gjoreski M, Panchevski F, Sazdov B, Sofronievski B, Cleal A, Fatoorechi M, Nduka C, Gjoreski H. Controlled and Real-Life Investigation of Optical Tracking Sensors in Smart Glasses for Monitoring Eating Behavior Using Deep Learning: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e59469. [PMID: 39325528 PMCID: PMC11467608 DOI: 10.2196/59469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of obesity necessitates innovative approaches to better understand this health crisis, particularly given its strong connection to chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular conditions. Monitoring dietary behavior is crucial for designing effective interventions that help decrease obesity prevalence and promote healthy lifestyles. However, traditional dietary tracking methods are limited by participant burden and recall bias. Exploring microlevel eating activities, such as meal duration and chewing frequency, in addition to eating episodes, is crucial due to their substantial relation to obesity and disease risk. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of the study was to develop an accurate and noninvasive system for automatically monitoring eating and chewing activities using sensor-equipped smart glasses. The system distinguishes chewing from other facial activities, such as speaking and teeth clenching. The secondary objective was to evaluate the system's performance on unseen test users using a combination of laboratory-controlled and real-life user studies. Unlike state-of-the-art studies that focus on detecting full eating episodes, our approach provides a more granular analysis by specifically detecting chewing segments within each eating episode. METHODS The study uses OCO optical sensors embedded in smart glasses to monitor facial muscle activations related to eating and chewing activities. The sensors measure relative movements on the skin's surface in 2 dimensions (X and Y). Data from these sensors are analyzed using deep learning (DL) to distinguish chewing from other facial activities. To address the temporal dependence between chewing events in real life, we integrate a hidden Markov model as an additional component that analyzes the output from the DL model. RESULTS Statistical tests of mean sensor activations revealed statistically significant differences across all 6 comparison pairs (P<.001) involving 2 sensors (cheeks and temple) and 3 facial activities (eating, clenching, and speaking). These results demonstrate the sensitivity of the sensor data. Furthermore, the convolutional long short-term memory model, which is a combination of convolutional and long short-term memory neural networks, emerged as the best-performing DL model for chewing detection. In controlled laboratory settings, the model achieved an F1-score of 0.91, demonstrating robust performance. In real-life scenarios, the system demonstrated high precision (0.95) and recall (0.82) for detecting eating segments. The chewing rates and the number of chews evaluated in the real-life study showed consistency with expected real-life eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The study represents a substantial advancement in dietary monitoring and health technology. By providing a reliable and noninvasive method for tracking eating behavior, it has the potential to revolutionize how dietary data are collected and used. This could lead to more effective health interventions and a better understanding of the factors influencing eating habits and their health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Gjoreski
- Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hristijan Gjoreski
- Emteq Ltd., Brighton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, Saints Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
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Kojima A, Kameyama Y, Kajiura A, Murayama Y, Kato M. Association between the Combination of Speed-Eating and Eating until Full and Overweight/Obesity in Part-Time High School Students. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2024; 80:128-135. [PMID: 38574480 DOI: 10.1159/000537851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between overweight/obesity and the combined behavior of speed-eating and eating until full among part-time high school students. METHODS In 2015, 2,507 male and female part-time high school students from Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, who completed a self-reported questionnaire on lifestyle, were included in the analysis. Overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or more. Responses regarding speed-eating and eating until full were obtained by self-reporting. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for overweight/obesity. RESULTS Among the participants, 340 (13.6%) were overweight/obese and 468 (18.7%) reported both speed-eating and eating until full. Compared to neither speed-eating nor eating until full group, after adjustment for sex, age, work pattern, physical activity level, sleep duration, frequency of picky eating, frequency of snack intake, fast food intake frequency, frequency of adding salty condiments, frequency of eating less food to save money, and survey schools, the OR (95% CI) for overweight/obesity in speed-eating and not eating until full, eating until full and not speed-eating, and speed-eating and eating until full was 2.11 (1.38-3.22), 1.54 (1.12-2.10), and 2.94 (2.08-4.16), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of speed-eating and eating until full was associated with overweight/obesity among part-time high school students independent of other lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kojima
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Yamanashi Gakuin University, Yamanashi, Japan,
| | - Yoshiko Kameyama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, The University of Shimane, Shimane, Japan
| | - Akane Kajiura
- Department of Human Life and Sciences, Nagoya University of Economics, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuuki Murayama
- Department of Nutrition, Social Welfare Corporation Doho Fukushikai Doho Gakuen, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kato
- Department of Human Nutrition, School of Life Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Aichi, Japan
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Li Y, Sun Y, Wu H, Yang P, Huang X, Zhang L, Yin L. Metabolic syndromes increase significantly with the accumulation of bad dietary habits. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100017. [PMID: 38388115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2023.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between dietary habits and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been well documented, due to the complexity and individualization of dietary culture in the Chinese population. OBJECTIVE To construct a composite score from various bad dietary habits and to evaluate their comprehensive association with the prevalence of MetS and its components among Chinese men and women across various age groups. SETTING Serial cross-sectional studies. METHODS Twenty-three dietary habits were assessed through face-to-face interviews with 98,838 males and 83,099 females in health check-up programs from 2015 to 2021, among which eighteen bad dietary habits were observed to be associated independently with total MetS. The total score of bad dietary habits was composed of four categories via variable clustering analysis, including irregular dietary habits, unhealthy dietary flavors, unbalanced dietary structure, and high-fat diet. The 2016 Chinese guideline for the management of dyslipidemia in adults was used to define MetS. RESULTS Men had a higher score of bad dietary habits than women (9.63 ± 3.11 vs. 8.37 ± 3.23), which decreased significantly with increasing age in both males and females (Pinteraction<0.01). The prevalence of total MetS increased significantly with the cumulative score of bad dietary habits in both males (highest quintile vs. lowest quintile: OR, 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-2.00; Plinear<0.01) and females (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 2.02-2.46; Plinear<0.01) after adjusted for age, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activities. These linear trends were also observed for each MetS component (all Plinear<0.01). The role of irregular dietary habits and high-fat diet on MetS prevalence are much higher in males than in females, while unhealthy dietary flavors and unbalanced dietary structure had a greater influence on females. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of bad dietary habits contributes to the MetS developments. Thus, individualized lifestyle interventions are needed to correct bad dietary habits with regard to gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaya Sun
- Information Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Lu Yin
- Information Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Tsumura H, Fukuda M, Hisamatsu T, Sato R, Tsuchie R, Kanda H. Relationships of rapid eating with visceral and subcutaneous fat mass and plasma adiponectin concentration. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11491. [PMID: 37460653 PMCID: PMC10352324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38623-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid eating has been demonstrated to be associated with obesity and overweight. However, few studies have characterized the separate relationships of eating speed with visceral and subcutaneous fat mass or circulating adiponectin concentration. We hypothesized that rapid eating is associated with the larger visceral fat tissue (VFT) area and lower adiponectin concentration, but not with the subcutaneous fat tissue (SFT) area in men and women. We performed a cross-sectional study of 712 adults aged 20-86 years (528 men and 184 women; mean ± SD age 59.36 ± 13.61 years). The participants completed a self-reported questionnaire, and underwent anthropometric and laboratory measurements and computed tomographic imaging of the abdomen as a part of annual medical check-ups. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that rapid eating was associated with larger visceral (B = 24.74; 95% CI 8.87-40.61, p = 0.002) and subcutaneous fat areas (B = 31.31; 95% CI 12.23-50.38, p = 0.001), lower adiponectin concentration (B = - 2.92; 95% CI - 4.39- - 1.46, p < 0.001), higher body mass index (BMI) (B = 2.13; 95% CI 1.02-3.25, p < 0.001), and larger waist circumference (B = 5.23; 95% CI 2.16-8.30, p < 0.001) in men, which is partially consistent with the hypothesis. In contrast, rapid eating was found to be associated only with BMI, and not with abdominal adipose area or adiponectin concentration in women, which is a result that is not consistent with the hypothesis. These results suggest that there is no difference in the association of rapid eating with VFT and SFT areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tsumura
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-1, Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8502, Japan
| | - Mari Fukuda
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rie Sato
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Izumo, 693-0021, Japan
| | - Rina Tsuchie
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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Li R, Kato C, Fujita A, Abe Y, Ogawa T, Ishidori H, Misawa E, Okihara H, Kokai S, Ono T. Effect of Obesity on Masticatory Muscle Activity and Rhythmic Jaw Movements Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of Different Cortical Masticatory Areas. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113856. [PMID: 37298051 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates rhythmic jaw movement (RJM) patterns and masticatory muscle activities during electrical stimulation in two cortical masticatory areas in obese male Zucker rats (OZRs), compared to their counterparts-lean male Zucker rats (LZRs) (seven each). At the age of 10 weeks, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the right anterior digastric muscle (RAD) and masseter muscles, and RJMs were recorded during repetitive intracortical micro-stimulation in the left anterior and posterior parts of the cortical masticatory area (A-area and P-area, respectively). Only P-area-elicited RJMs, which showed a more lateral shift and slower jaw-opening pattern than A-area-elicited RJMs, were affected by obesity. During P-area stimulation, the jaw-opening duration was significantly shorter (p < 0.01) in OZRs (24.3 ms) than LZRs (27.9 ms), the jaw-opening speed was significantly faster (p < 0.05) in OZRs (67.5 mm/s) than LZRs (50.8 mm/s), and the RAD EMG duration was significantly shorter (p < 0.01) in OZRs (5.2 ms) than LZR (6.9 ms). The two groups had no significant difference in the EMG peak-to-peak amplitude and EMG frequency parameters. This study shows that obesity affects the coordinated movement of masticatory components during cortical stimulation. While other factors may be involved, functional change in digastric muscle is partly involved in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Li
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Chiho Kato
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Akiyo Fujita
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Yasunori Abe
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishidori
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Eri Misawa
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Okihara
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kokai
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Department of Orthodontic Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138510, Japan
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11
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Abe E, Kobayashi M, Horikawa R, Morisaki N, Tanaka H, Sago H, Ogawa K, Fujiwara T. The Association Between Eating Quickly and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2023; 4:280-287. [PMID: 37363359 PMCID: PMC10285377 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2023.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Maintaining an appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) is essential for a safe pregnancy and delivery. This study aimed to determine the association between the habit of eating quickly and the risk of excessive GWG. Methods We administered a questionnaire on eating habits to 1246 pregnant Japanese women in their second to third trimesters. We categorized the participants into three groups according to their answers to the question "Do you eat quickly?" Group 1, "always" or "usually"; Group 2, "sometimes"; and Group 3, "rarely" or "never." We assessed GWG according to the "The Optimal Weight Gain Chart" (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan), and those who exceeded the criteria were considered "excessive." Logistic regression analysis was performed with the risk of excess GWG as the dependent variable and quick food intake as the independent variable, to obtain relevant odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Model 1 was unadjusted, and Model 2 was adjusted for age, prepregnancy body mass index, energy intake, mother's educational attainment, household income, exercise habits, and childbearing experience. Results The OR (95% CI) for Groups 2 and 3 in Model 1, compared with Group 1, was 0.80 (0.62-1.05) and 0.61 (0.43-0.88), respectively (p for trend = 0.047). In Model 2, the OR (95% CI) for Groups 2 and 3 were 0.73 (0.55-0.96) and 0.59 (0.40-0.86), respectively (p for trend = 0.003). Conclusion These results suggest that quick food ingestion increases the risk of excessive GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Abe
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minatsu Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Studies in Human Culture, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Food Science, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Tanaka
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Shimizu Y, Hayakawa H, Honda E, Sasaki N, Takada M, Okada T, Ohira T, Kiyama M. Eating speed and height loss in relation to overweight: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284998. [PMID: 37099591 PMCID: PMC10132586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast eating is an independent risk factor for weight gain. Our previous study involving Japanese workers revealed that overweight (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2) is an independent risk factor for height loss. However, no studies have clarified the association between eating speed and height loss in relation to overweight status. A retrospective study of 8,982 Japanese workers was conducted. Height loss was defined as being in the highest quintile of height decrease per year. Compared with slow eating, fast eating was revealed to be positively associated with overweight; the fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.92 (2.29, 3.72). Among non-overweight participants, fast eaters had higher odds of height loss than slow eaters. Among overweight participants, fast eaters had lower odds of height loss; the fully adjusted OR (95% CI) was 1.34 (1.05, 1.71) for non-overweight individuals and 0.52 (0.33, 0.82) for overweight individuals. Since overweight was significantly positively associated with height loss [1.17(1.03, 1.32)], fast eating is not favorable for reducing the risk of height loss among overweight individuals. Those associations indicate that weight gain is not the main cause of height loss among Japanese workers who eat fast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shimizu
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Hayakawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiko Honda
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nagisa Sasaki
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Midori Takada
- Epidemiology Section, Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeo Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan
| | - Testuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, Osaka, Japan
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13
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Imai S, Kajiyama S, Kitta K, Miyawaki T, Matsumoto S, Ozasa N, Kajiyama S, Hashimoto Y, Fukui M. Eating Vegetables First Regardless of Eating Speed Has a Significant Reducing Effect on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin in Young Healthy Women: Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:1174. [PMID: 36904173 PMCID: PMC10005673 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
People with fast eating habits have been reported to have an increased risk of diabetes and obesity. To explore whether the speed of eating a test meal (tomato, broccoli, fried fish, and boiled white rice) influences postprandial blood glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and free fatty acid levels, 18 young, healthy women consumed a 671 kcal breakfast at fast speed (10 min) and slow speed (20 min) with vegetables first and slow speed (20 min) with carbohydrate first on three separate days. This study was conducted using a within-participants cross-over design in which all participants consumed identical meals of three different eating speeds and food orders. Significant ameliorations of both fast and slow eating with vegetables first regimen on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels at 30 and 60 min were observed compared with those of slow eating with carbohydrates first. In addition, the standard deviation, large amplitude of excursion, and incremental area under the curve for blood glucose and insulin in both fast and slow eating with vegetables first were all significantly lower than those of slow eating with carbohydrate first. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between fast and slow eating on postprandial blood glucose and insulin levels as long as vegetables were consumed first, although postprandial blood glucose at 30 min was significantly lower in slow eating with vegetables first than that of fast eating with the same food order. These results suggest that food order with vegetables first and carbohydrate last ameliorates postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations even if the meal was consumed at fast speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeko Imai
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, 35, Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kajiyama
- Kajiyama Clinic, Kyoto Gojyo Clinic Building 20-1, Higasionnmaeda-cho, Nishinanajyo, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8898, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kitta
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, 35, Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyawaki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, 35, Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsumoto
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoto Women’s University, 35, Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto 605-8501, Japan
| | - Neiko Ozasa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Kawahara-cho, Syogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kajiyama
- Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, 355-5, Kamanza, Marutamachi, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michiaki Fukui
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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14
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Kubo S, Imano H, Muraki I, Kitamura A, Noda H, Cui R, Maruyama K, Yamagishi K, Umesawa M, Shimizu Y, Hayama-Terada M, Kiyama M, Okada T, Iso H. Total protein intake and subsequent risk of chronic kidney disease: the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. Environ Health Prev Med 2023; 28:32. [PMID: 37211392 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether dietary protein intake worsens renal function in the general population has been discussed but not yet determined. We aimed to examine the longitudinal association between dietary protein intake and risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We conducted a 12-year follow-up study with 3,277 Japanese adults (1,150 men and 2,127 women) aged 40-74 years, initially free from CKD, who participated in cardiovascular risk surveys from two Japanese communities under the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. The development of CKD was defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the follow-up period. Protein intake was measured at baseline by using the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. We estimated sex-, age-, community- and multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for incident CKD were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression models according to quartiles of percentage of energy (%energy) from protein intake. RESULTS During 26,422 person-years of follow-up, 300 participants developed CKD (137 men and 163 women). The sex-, age-, and community-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval, CI) for the highest (≥16.9%energy) versus lowest (≤13.4%energy) quartiles of total protein intake was 0.66 (0.48-0.90), p for trend = 0.007. The multivariable HR (95%CI) was 0.72 (0.52-0.99), p for trend = 0.016 after further adjustment for body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, diastolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol levels, cholesterol-lowering medication use, total energy intake, and baseline eGFR. The association did not vary by sex, age, and baseline eGFR. When examining animal and vegetable protein intake separately, the respective multivariable HRs (95%CIs) were 0.77 (0.56-1.08), p for trend = 0.036, and 1.24 (0.89-1.75), p for trend = 0.270. CONCLUSIONS Higher protein intake, more specifically animal protein intake was associated with a lower risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachimi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University
| | - Hironori Imano
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Isao Muraki
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Yao City Public Health Center
| | - Hiroyuki Noda
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Cabinet Secretariat
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okanami General Hospital
| | - Koutatsu Maruyama
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Special Course of Food and Health Science, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba
| | - Mitsumasa Umesawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yuji Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
| | - Mina Hayama-Terada
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Yao City Public Health Center
| | - Masahiko Kiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
| | - Takeo Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Osaka Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine
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15
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Hori S, Hori K, Yoshimura S, Uehara F, Sato N, Hasegawa Y, Akazawa K, Ono T. Masticatory Behavior Change with a Wearable Chewing Counter: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Dent Res 2023; 102:21-27. [PMID: 36085580 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221118013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because a relationship has been reported between masticatory behavior, obesity, and postprandial blood glucose, it is recommended to chew well and take a longer time to eat. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of changing masticatory behavior using a small ear-hung wearable chewing counter, which can monitor masticatory behavior without disturbing daily meals. In total, 235 healthy volunteers participated in a 4-wk randomized controlled trial and were divided into 3 groups. All participants were instructed about the importance of mastication at the first visit. During the intervention, group B used the chewing counter without an algorithm during each meal (notification of the number of chews after meal), and group C used the chewing counter with a masticatory behavior change algorithm (setting a target value and displaying the number of chews in real time). Group A was set as the control group. The number of chews and the meal time when consuming 1 rice ball (100 g) were measured before and after the intervention using the chewing counter, and the rate of change in these values was evaluated. Participants also provided a subjective evaluation of their changes in masticatory behavior. The number of chews and the meal time of 1 rice ball increased significantly in groups B and C compared with before the intervention, and the rate of change was significantly higher in group C than in group A and group B. In addition, the subjective evaluation of the change in the number of chews was highest in group C. Self-monitoring of masticatory behavior by providing a target value and the degree of achievement for the number of chews using a wearable chewing counter with a behavioral change algorithm could promote effective change in masticatory behavior and lead to an increased number of chews. (Trial ID: UMIN000034476).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hori
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Hori
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - S Yoshimura
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - F Uehara
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - N Sato
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Y Hasegawa
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - K Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan
| | - T Ono
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Cunningham PM, Roe LS, Keller KL, Hendriks-Hartensveld AEM, Rolls BJ. Eating rate and bite size were related to food intake across meals varying in portion size: A randomized crossover trial in adults. Appetite 2023; 180:106330. [PMID: 36191669 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Serving larger portions leads to increased food intake, but behavioral factors that influence the magnitude of this portion size effect have not been well characterized. We investigated whether measures of eating microstructure such as eating rate and bite size moderated the portion size effect. We also explored how sensory-specific satiety (SSS; the relative hedonic decline of a food as it is eaten) was affected by eating microstructure and larger portions. In a randomized crossover design, 44 adults aged 18-68 y (66% women; 46% with overweight and obesity) ate lunch in the laboratory once a week for 4 weeks. The meal consisted of pasta that was varied in portion size (400, 500, 600, or 700 g) and 700 g of water. Meals were video-recorded to assess bite count and meal duration, which were used to calculate mean eating rate (g/min) and mean bite size (g/bite). At each meal participants also completed an assessment of SSS. The results showed that as larger portions were served, meal intake increased in a curvilinear manner (p < 0.0001). Measures of eating microstructure did not moderate the portion size effect but were related to intake across all portions; faster eating rate, larger bite size, higher bite count, and longer meal duration were associated with greater consumption at all meals (all p < 0.0001). SSS was not influenced by any measure of eating microstructure or by portion size (all p > 0.10). In summary, the portion size effect was not moderated by eating microstructure, but relatively faster eating rates and larger bite sizes at meals, along with large portions, combined to increase food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Cunningham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Liane S Roe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Anouk E M Hendriks-Hartensveld
- Laboratory of Behavioural Gastronomy, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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17
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Skipping breakfast regimen induces an increase in body weight and a decrease in muscle weight with a shifted circadian rhythm in peripheral tissues of mice. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:2308-2319. [PMID: 35272720 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Meal timing is a key factor in synchronising the circadian clock in peripheral tissues. Circadian disorders are associated with the metabolic syndrome. Previously, we demonstrated that a skipping breakfast regimen (SBR) with a high-fat diet increased body weight gain in rats. In this study, we investigated whether SBR with a normal diet led to abnormal lipid metabolism and muscle metabolism in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed during zeitgeber time (ZT) 12-24 in the control group and ZT 16-24 in the SBR group for 2 weeks. SBR mice showed increased body weight gain and perirenal adipose tissue weight. The plantar muscle weight was decreased in the SBR group compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, SBR delayed the circadian oscillations in clock gene expression in peripheral tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue and muscle, as well as the oscillations in the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in the liver and adipose tissue. These results suggest that skipping breakfast over a long period of time is associated with a risk of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and muscle loss, such as sarcopenia.
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18
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Resveratrol Improves the Digestive Ability and the Intestinal Health of Siberian Sturgeon. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911977. [PMID: 36233280 PMCID: PMC9569792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of detailed information on nutritional requirement results in limited feeding in Siberian sturgeon. In this study, resveratrol, a versatile natural extract, was supplemented in the daily diet, and the digestive ability and microbiome were evaluated in the duodena and valvular intestines of Siberian sturgeon. The results showed that resveratrol increased the activity of pepsin, α-amylase, and lipase, which was positively associated with an increase in the digestive ability, but it did not influence the final body weight. Resveratrol improved the digestive ability probably by distinctly enhancing intestinal villus height. Microbiome analysis revealed that resveratrol changed the abundance and composition of the microbial community in the intestine, principally in the duodenum. Random forests analysis found that resveratrol significantly downregulated the abundance of potential pathogens (Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio rumoiensis, and Brucella melitensis), suggesting that resveratrol may also improve intestinal health. In summary, our study revealed that resveratrol improved digestive ability and intestinal health, which can contribute to the development of functional feed in Siberian sturgeon.
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19
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Tamaoki M, Honda I, Nakanishi K, Nakajima M, Cheam S, Okawada M, Sakakibara H. Lifestyle Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Urban Cambodia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10481. [PMID: 36078197 PMCID: PMC9518541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify lifestyle factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in urban Cambodia. In this cross-sectional study, we used existing health checkup data from a private hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The participants comprised 5459 Cambodians aged ≥20 years who underwent health checkups between 2017 and 2019. The harmonized diagnostic definition was used as the MetS criteria. The prevalence of MetS was 56.6% overall, 60.4% in men and 52.6% in women. The lifestyle factor significantly associated with MetS in both sexes were "eating quicker than others", (men: odds ratio [OR]= 2.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68-3.03, women: OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.41-2.60), "walking faster than others", (men: OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67-0.92, women: OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62-0.89) and "drinking alcohol" (men: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.10-1.61, women: OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.09-1.62). Other significant associations with MetS for men was "eating speed is normal", (OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.30-2.31), and, for women, "eating food after dinner at least 3 days a week", (OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.01-1.55), "skipping breakfast at least 3 days a week", (OR = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.69-0.99) and "getting enough rest from sleep" (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.01-1.42) were significantly associated with MetS. Lifestyle interventions through health education and guidance may be effective in preventing MetS in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miharu Tamaoki
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Ikumi Honda
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakanishi
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Maki Nakajima
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - Sophathya Cheam
- Department of Pediatric, Sunrise Japan Hospital Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh 121001, Cambodia
| | - Manabu Okawada
- Department of Pediatric, Sunrise Japan Hospital Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh 121001, Cambodia
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Furukawa S, Miyake T, Miyaoka H, Matsuura B, Hiasa Y. Observational Study on Unhealthy Eating Behavior and the Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: The Luseogliflozin Ehime Diabetes Study. Diabetes Ther 2022; 13:1073-1082. [PMID: 35426601 PMCID: PMC9076764 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-022-01261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Luseogliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. Unhealthy eating behavior is associated with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. However, evidence regarding the effect of medications, including SGLT2 inhibitors, on unhealthy eating behavior is limited. This study investigated the association between unhealthy eating behavior and the laboratory and physical findings of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes given luseogliflozin once daily for 24 weeks. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a 24-week prospective, open-label, single-arm pilot study. The information regarding unhealthy eating behaviors (eating fast, late dinner, nighttime snack, skipping breakfast, and eating until full) was obtained using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS The baseline rate of eating fast, late dinner, nighttime snack, skipping breakfast, and eating until full was 51.7%, 24.1%, 24.1%, 10.3% and 55.2%, respectively. After administration of luseogliflozin, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), weight, body mass index, and waist measurement all decreased significantly. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and hematocrit increased significantly. In the healthy eating behavior group, the improvements of fasting plasma glucose and ALT, but not other variables, were attenuated. HbA1c level was significantly improved in patients with eating fast, while other unhealthy eating behaviors attenuated the effect of luseogliflozin for HbA1c. The effect of leseogliflozin on the relationship between eating behavior and weight reduction was inconsistent after administration luseogliflozin. CONCLUSION Luseogliflozin might be more effective for controlling plasma glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who have a tendency to eat fast, but it might have less effect on those with other unhealthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Furukawa
- Health Services Center, Ehime University, Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Teruki Miyake
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miyaoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikei Matusyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Bunzo Matsuura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikei Matusyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Lifestyle-Related Medicine and Endocrinology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
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21
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Uehara F, Hori K, Hasegawa Y, Yoshimura S, Hori S, Kitamura M, Akazawa K, Ono T. Impact of Masticatory Behaviors Measured With Wearable Device on Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 10:e30789. [PMID: 35184033 PMCID: PMC8990367 DOI: 10.2196/30789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been widely recognized that mastication behaviors are related to the health of the whole body and to lifestyle-related diseases. However, many studies were based on subjective questionnaires or were limited to small-scale research in the laboratory due to the lack of a device for measuring mastication behaviors during the daily meal objectively. Recently, a small wearable masticatory counter device, called bitescan (Sharp Co), for measuring masticatory behavior was developed. This wearable device is designed to assess objective masticatory behavior by being worn on the ear in daily life. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relation between mastication behaviors in the laboratory and in daily meals and to clarify the difference in mastication behaviors between those with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and those without (non-MetS) measured using a wearable device. Methods A total of 99 healthy volunteers (50 men and 49 women, mean age 36.4 [SD 11.7] years) participated in this study. The mastication behaviors (ie, number of chews and bites, number of chews per bite, and chewing rate) were measured using a wearable ear-hung device. Mastication behaviors while eating a rice ball (100 g) in the laboratory and during usual meals for an entire day were monitored, and the daily energy intake was calculated. Participants’ abdominal circumference, fasting glucose concentration, blood pressure, and serum lipids were also measured. Mastication behaviors in the laboratory and during meals for 1 entire day were compared. The participants were divided into 2 groups using the Japanese criteria for MetS (positive/negative for MetS or each MetS component), and mastication behaviors were compared. Results Mastication behaviors in the laboratory and during daily meals were significantly correlated (number of chews r=0.36; P<.001; number of bites r=0.49; P<.001; number of chews per bite r=0.33; P=.001; and chewing rate r=0.51; P<.001). Although a positive correlation was observed between the number of chews during the 1-day meals and energy intake (r=0.26, P=.009), the number of chews per calorie ingested was negatively correlated with energy intake (r=–0.32, P=.002). Of the 99 participants, 8 fit the criteria for MetS and 14 for pre-MetS. The number of chews and bites for a rice ball in the pre-MetS(+) group was significantly lower than the pre-MetS(–) group (P=.02 and P=.04, respectively). Additionally, scores for the positive abdominal circumference and hypertension subgroups were also less than the counterpart groups (P=.004 and P=.01 for chews, P=.006 and P=.02 for bites, respectively). The number of chews and bites for an entire day in the hypertension subgroup were significantly lower than in the other groups (P=.02 and P=.006). Furthermore, the positive abdominal circumference and hypertension subgroups showed lower numbers of chews per calorie ingested for 1-day meals (P=.03 and P=.02, respectively). Conclusions These results suggest a relationship between masticatory behaviors in the laboratory and those during daily meals and that masticatory behaviors are associated with MetS and MetS components. Trial Registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry R000034453; https://tinyurl.com/mwzrhrua
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Uehara
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hori
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoko Hasegawa
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shogo Yoshimura
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoko Hori
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mari Kitamura
- School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kohei Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ono
- Division of Comprehensive Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Techawachirakul M, Pathak A, Anne Calvert G. That sounds healthy! Audio and visual frequency differences in brand sound logos modify the perception of food healthfulness. Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eating Slowly Is Associated with Undernutrition among Community-Dwelling Adult Men and Older Adult Women. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010054. [PMID: 35010927 PMCID: PMC8746584 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The double burden of malnutrition refers to the co-occurrence of overweight and obesity and undernutrition. Eating quickly has been linked to overweight and obesity. However, no study has examined the association between eating speed and undernutrition. This retrospective, cross-sectional study analyzed data from 3529 community-dwelling residents. Eating speed was divided into three categories: fast, medium, and slow. Undernutrition was defined as body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 in adults aged < 70 years (adults) and as <20 kg/m2 in adults aged ≥ 70 years (older adults), in accordance with the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria for Asians. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between eating speed and undernutrition. Among adult men, compared with eating quickly, eating slowly was associated with elevated prevalence of undernutrition (odds ratio (OR) 9.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.32–40.51, p = 0.001). Among older adult women, the prevalence of undernutrition in the slow-eating group was higher than that in the fast-eating group (OR 3.82, 95% Cl 1.51–9.69, p = 0.005). Eating slowly is independently associated with the prevalence of undernutrition among community-dwelling adult men and older adult women in Japan.
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Abstract
Slow eating, which involves chewing food slowly and thoroughly, is an effective strategy for controlling appetite in order to avoid being overweight or obese. Slow eating also has the effect of increasing postprandial energy expenditure (diet-induced thermogenesis). It is still unclear whether this is due to oral stimuli; that is, the duration of tasting food in the mouth and the duration of chewing. To investigate the effects of oral stimuli on diet-induced thermogenesis in 11 healthy normal weight males, we conducted a randomized crossover study comprising three trials: (1) drinking liquid food normally, (2) drinking liquid food after tasting, and (3) adding chewing while tasting. Oral stimuli (i.e., the duration of tasting liquid food in the mouth and the duration of chewing) significantly increased diet-induced thermogenesis after drinking liquid food. This result demonstrates that the increase in diet-induced thermogenesis is due to oral stimuli rather than the influence of the food bolus. Increased diet-induced thermogenesis induced by chewing and taste stimuli may help to prevent overweight and obesity.
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Dinner-to-bed time is independently associated with overweight/obesity in Chinese school-aged children. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2657-2663. [PMID: 33587278 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the association between dinner-to-bed time and obesity. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the relationships between dinner-to-bed and overweight/obesity in Chinese school-aged children in Ningbo, China. METHODS Data of this study were based on 1667 schoolchildren (14-15 years) from 14 primary schools participated in this study in China. Anthropometric measurement of height, body weight and waist circumference (WC) was performed. Information about meal duration and other lifestyle behaviors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed to assess the association between dinner-to-bed time and overweight/obesity. Restricted cubic spline regression was drawn to evaluate the shape of the relation between dinner-bed-time and the odds of overweight. RESULTS Among the study participants, the prevalence of overweight was 17.6%, and the mean of dinner-to-bed time was 4.26 (0.93) h. In the logistic regression analysis, participants who had dinner-to-bed time less than 3 h or 3.01 ~ ≦ 4.00 h are more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.10-3.42; OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.03-2.65, respectively) or characterised by abdominal obesity (OR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.86-4.95; OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.73-3.92, respectively) compared with dinner-to-bed time more than 5 h. In addition, long dinner-to-bed time was associated with lower risks of overweight (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.97) and abdominal obesity (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.54-0.73). The cubic spline regression analysis showed that the association between dinner-to-bed time and overweight/abdominal obesity seems to be a linear. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that short dinner-to-bed time is associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight or characterised by abdominal obesity among Chinese school-aged children. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V; cross-section descriptive study.
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26
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Eating and drinking habits and its association with obesity in Japanese healthy adults: retrospective longitudinal big data analysis using a health check-up database. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1585-1591. [PMID: 33461638 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Few longitudinal studies have evaluated the association between eating and drinking habits and the risk of obesity. Therefore, we conducted a 5-year longitudinal big data analysis for evaluating various eating and drinking habits and the risk of obesity. We analysed individuals without obesity who received medical check-ups from 2008 to 2012 and 5 years later from the JMDC Health check-up database. The primary outcome was the incidence of obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), and the secondary outcome was the incidence of abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 85 cm for men and 90 cm for women). Age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Of 123 182 individuals without obesity at baseline, the median age was 45 (interquartile range 40, 51) years and 76 965 (62·5 %) were men. After 5 years, 7133 (5·8 %) people developed obesity and 12 725 (10·3 %) people developed abdominal obesity. Among six eating and drinking habits, skipping breakfast was associated with a higher risk of obesity (OR 1·21; 99 % CI 1·10, 1·34). In contrast, occasional (OR 0·86; 99 % CI 0·78, 0·94) or daily (OR 0·79; 99 % CI 0·68, 0·91) drinking of alcoholic beverages was associated with a lower risk of obesity. According to the 5-year longitudinal data, eating and drinking habits such as mild to moderate alcohol consumption and avoiding skipping breakfast may result in better obesity prevention. However, excess alcohol consumption would be harmful and should be avoided.
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Synergistic Effect of History of Cardiovascular Disease and Mental Distress on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910283. [PMID: 34639586 PMCID: PMC8508551 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mental distress have been suggested to be associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the effect of their combination on PTSD is unknown. We reviewed the synergistic effects of the history of CVD and mental distress on the possibility of PTSD among residents in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 38,392 participants aged 40–74 years in the evacuation area who applied for the Fukushima Health Management Study in Fiscal Year 2011. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to investigate the combined effect of history of CVD and mental distress on PTSD. We identified 8104 probable cases of PTSD (21.1%). History of CVD, mental distress, and their combination were positively associated with probable PTSD: the multivariable ORs (95% CIs) were 1.44 (1.04, 2.01), 20.08 (18.14, 22.22), and 26.60 (23.07, 30.67), respectively. There was a significant increase in RERI: the corresponding RERI (95% CI) and AP were 6.08 (3.16, 9.00) and 22.9%. Gender-specific analyses showed similar associations. Thus, we found a supra-additive association of history of CVD and mental distress with probable PTSD after the disaster.
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Kang M, Joo M, Hong H, Kang H. Eating Speed, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Independent Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean University Students. Nutrients 2021; 13:2420. [PMID: 34371929 PMCID: PMC8308714 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the role of eating quickly, physical inactivity, and poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in assessing the onset of metabolic syndrome (Mets) in Korean young adults. OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between the three risk factors and Mets in 1891 Korean university students (30% female) aged 18-29 years. METHODS Eating speed (slow vs. fast) and physical activity (active vs. inactive) were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Maximal oxygen uptake as an indicator of CRF was assessed with graded exercise testing. Components of Mets were waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). RESULTS All the three exposures were positively associated with abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressures, elevated FBG, elevated TG, and decreased HDLC. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of Mets was incremental in the order of physical inactivity (odds ratio, OR = 1.666; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.024-2.708; p = 0.040), fast eating (OR = 1.687; 95% CI = 1.094-2.601; p = 0.018), and poor CRF (OR = 5.378; 95% CI = 3.475-8.325; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that a multifaceted intervention targeting at promotion of physical activity and CRF in concert with healthy eating behaviors should be implemented as a preventive strategy against Mets in Korean university students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyunsik Kang
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (M.K.); (M.J.); (H.H.)
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Potter C, Gibson EL, Ferriday D, Griggs RL, Coxon C, Crossman M, Norbury R, Rogers PJ, Brunstrom JM. Associations between number of siblings, birth order, eating rate and adiposity in children and adults. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12438. [PMID: 33434953 PMCID: PMC8243961 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Eating quickly is associated with eating larger amounts at mealtimes and faster eaters tend to have a higher BMI. Evidence suggests that sibling structure influences the development of childhood eating behaviours. We hypothesized that number of siblings and birth order might play a role in the development of eating rate. In two UK studies, children in Bristol (n = 132; Study 1) and adults and children in London (adults n = 552, children n = 256; Study 2) reported their eating rate, number of siblings, and birth order. A BMI measurement was obtained and in Study 2 waist circumference was recorded. Ordered logistic regression was used to examine effects of sibling structure on eating rate and linear regression assessed effects of eating rate on BMI. Faster eating was associated with higher BMI and a larger waist, in children and adults (ps < .01). In Study 1, first-born children were twice as likely to eat faster compared to children who were not first-born (P < .04). In Study 2, only-child adults reported eating slower than adults who were not first-born (P < .003). Additionally, higher number of siblings was associated with faster eating rate in children from Bristol (P < .05), but not in children from London. London adults without siblings ate slower than those with two or more (P = .01), but having one sibling was associated with eating faster than having two or more (P = .01). These findings reveal how birth order and number of siblings might influence eating rate. Exploring these relationships through direct observation would be beneficial in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Potter
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | | | - Danielle Ferriday
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Rebecca L. Griggs
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Christle Coxon
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | | | - Ray Norbury
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Division of PsychologyBrunel University LondonUxbridgeUK
| | - Peter J. Rogers
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of BristolBristolUK
| | - Jeffrey M. Brunstrom
- Nutrition and Behaviour Unit, School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of BristolBristolUK
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Jayne JM, Karl JP, McGraw SM, O'Connor K, DiChiara AJ, Cole RE. Eating Behaviors Are Associated With Physical Fitness and Body Composition Among US Army Soldiers. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:480-488. [PMID: 33674236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine associations between soldiers' eating behaviors, compliance with body composition and fitness standards, and physical performance. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Eight Army installations. PARTICIPANTS US Army Soldiers (n = 1,591; 84% male). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Characteristics, eating behaviors, compliance with body composition and physical fitness standards, and fitness level were assessed via questionnaire. ANALYSIS Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Eating mostly at a dining facility was associated with lower odds of body composition failure (odds ratio [OR], 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.73); whereas, eating at a fast rate (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.05-2.17) or often/always ignoring satiety cues (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.06-4.27) was associated with higher odds of body composition failure. Eating mostly fast-food/convenience meals (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.19-2.59) and eating at a fast rate (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.93) was associated with higher odds of physical fitness failure. Skipping breakfast was associated with lower odds of high physical performance (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23-0.74); whereas, nutrition education was associated with higher odds of high physical performance (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS As eating behaviors are modifiable, findings suggest opportunities for improving the specificity of Army health promotion and education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna M Jayne
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Susan M McGraw
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Kristie O'Connor
- Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA
| | - Adam J DiChiara
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center, US Army Soldier Systems Center, Natick, MA
| | - Renee E Cole
- US Military-Baylor University Graduate Program in Nutrition, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX
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Furukawa S, Yagi S, Shiraishi K, Hashimoto Y, Kitahata S, Hanayama M, Tange K, Mori K, Ninomiya T, Suzuki S, Shibata N, Murakami H, Ohashi K, Hasebe A, Tomida H, Yamamoto Y, Takeshita E, Ikeda Y, Hiasa Y. The inverse association between unhealthy eating habit and mucosal healing among patients with ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:152. [PMID: 33827432 PMCID: PMC8028202 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association between eating habits which can be modified and digestive diseases has been reported, to date, no research has evaluated the association between eating habits and ulcerative colitis (UC). Thus, we investigate the association between eating behavior and clinical outcome in Japanese patients with UC. Methods Eating quickly, eating until full, and skipping breakfast data was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Information on clinical outcome was collected from medical records. Mucosal healing (MH) and partial MH was defined as a Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 or 0–1, respectively. Age, sex, BMI, current smoking, current drinking, prednisolone use, and anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody use were selected a priori as potential confounding factors. Results Study subjects consisted of 294 Japanese patients with UC. Eating at speed moderate and eating quickly were independently inversely associated with MH: the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16–0.85) and 0.38 (95% CI 0.17–0.81) (p for trend = 0.033). Eating until full was independently inversely associated with MH: the adjusted OR was 0.38 (95% CI 0.27–0.86). MH in patients who skipped breakfast was marginally lower than that in patients who did not skip breakfast. No association between eating habits and clinical remission or partial MH was found. Conclusion Among patients with UC, eating rate and eating until full may be independently inversely associated with MH but not clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Furukawa
- Health Services Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Sen Yagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kana Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shogo Kitahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hanayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tange
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Seiyuu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sumitomo Besshi Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Naozumi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Murakami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Ohashi
- Ohashi Clinic Participating in Gastro-Enterology and Ano-Proctology, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Aki Hasebe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideomi Tomida
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | | | - Eiji Takeshita
- Department of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Therapeutics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ikeda
- Endoscopy Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
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Teo PS, van Dam RM, Whitton C, Tan LWL, Forde CG. Consumption of Foods With Higher Energy Intake Rates is Associated With Greater Energy Intake, Adiposity, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:370-378. [PMID: 33244595 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both high energy density and fast eating rates contribute to excess energy intakes. The energy intake rate (EIR; kcal/min) combines both the energy density (kcal/g) and eating rate (g/min) of a food to quantify the typical rate at which calories of different foods are ingested. OBJECTIVES We describe the EIRs of diets in a multi-ethnic Asian population, and examine relationships between the consumption of high-EIR foods and total energy intake, body composition, and cardio-metabolic risk factors. METHODS Diet and lifestyle data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort 2 (n = 7011; 21-75 y), were collected through interviewer-administrated questionnaires. The EIR for each of the 269 foods was calculated as the product of its eating rate and energy density. Multivariable models were used to examine associations between the relative consumption of foods with higher and lower EIRs and energy intake, body composition, and cardio-metabolic risks, after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol drinking status. RESULTS Individuals with higher daily energy intakes and with obesity consumed a significantly larger percentage of their energy from high-EIR foods, with a smaller relative intake of lower-EIR foods. Individuals with raised serum cholesterol also consumed a significantly higher proportion of high-EIR foods, whereas those without hypertension consumed a larger percentage of energy intake from low-EIR foods. Individuals classified as having a "very high" dietary EIR had a significantly 1.3 kg higher body weight (95% CI, 0.2-1.5; P = 0.013), 0.4 kg/m2 higher BMI (95% CI, 0.03-0.8; P = 0.037), and 1.2 cm larger waist circumference (95% CI, 0.2-2.2; P = 0.010), and were more likely to have abdominal overweight (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5; P < 0.001) than those with a "low" dietary EIR. CONCLUSIONS Comparing foods by their EIRs summarizes the combined impact of energy density and eating rate, and may identify foods and dietary patterns that are associated with obesogenic eating styles and higher diet-related cardiovascular disease risk in an Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pey Sze Teo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda Wei Lin Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Minoura A, Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Nishimura R, Yoshida R, Azuma M, Hoshino H, Kokaze A. Eating Fast and Until Full Is Associated with Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase Activity in Japanese Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 253:11-18. [PMID: 33408301 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.253.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity has been recognized as a marker for monitoring the risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Higher ALT activity was reported to be associated with eating fast in Japanese adults, but the association in children is unclear. Moreover, eating fast and eating until full are reported to be associated with being overweight. This study examined the association between elevated ALT and eating behaviors (eating fast and eating until full) among population-based schoolchildren (aged 9-10 years) in Ina Town, Saitama, Japan. Data for eating behaviors were obtained from a self-written questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn to measure ALT. Elevated ALT was defined as > 30 U/L in boys and > 19 U/L in girls. Logistic regression models and structural equation models were used to calculate the effect of eating behaviors on elevated ALT. Final data analysis was carried out for 1,870 boys and 1,739 girls. "Eating fast and eating until full" was significantly associated with elevated ALT in each sex. "Eating fast and not eating until full" was significantly associated with elevated ALT in boys, but after adjusting for exercise and body mass index, this association was not significant. In conclusion, "eating fast and eating until full" was associated with elevated ALT in schoolchildren. A sex difference in the association of "eating fast and not eating until full" with elevated ALT was observed. Modifying the behaviors of eating fast and eating until full is important for schoolchildren to prevent ALT elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Minoura
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Takako Shirasawa
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Reika Yoshida
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Minami Azuma
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hiromi Hoshino
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
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[Effect of eating speed modification techniques and strategies on food or energy intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:631-644. [PMID: 33840198 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Scientific evidence indicates that eating slowly reduces food and energy intake. However, few investigations have studied the effect of techniques and strategies that modify eating speed on intake. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between these techniques and food and/or energy intake. Therefore, a systematic review of 15 human studies and a meta-analysis of 7 studies with 11 experimental and 1 observational manipulations were carried out. Only the results of two conditions were included, "slow" vs. "fast" of eating speed and ingestion. The estimation of the effect was expressed in OR with a 95 % CI under a random effects model, and heterogeneity was assessed with I2. Publication bias was also assessed with a funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. The results indicate that eating slowly is a protective factor (OR = 0.73) from excessive intake. Additionally, eating small bites with a small spoon (OR = 0.315), serving food preparations on separate plates (OR = 0.860 and OR = 0.831), using a vibrotactile feedback fork (OR = 0.847), and eating hard-textured foods (OR = 0.831) are the techniques and strategies that modify eating speed and decrease food or energy intake. The present study confirms the premise that eating slowly can reduce excessive food and energy intake.
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Physiopathology of Lifestyle Interventions in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113472. [PMID: 33198247 PMCID: PMC7697937 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem, and its prevalence has increased in recent years. Diet and exercise interventions are the first-line treatment options, with weight loss via a hypocaloric diet being the most important therapeutic target in NAFLD. However, most NAFLD patients are not able to achieve such weight loss. Therefore, the requisite is the investigation of other effective therapeutic approaches. This review summarizes research on understanding complex pathophysiology underlying dietary approaches and exercise interventions with the potential to prevent and treat NAFLD.
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Ozaki E, Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Yoshimoto T, Nagahama S, Muramatsu J, Chono T, Ito T, Inoue H, Kokaze A. Eating quickly is associated with a low aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio in middle-aged adults: a large-scale cross-sectional survey in Japan. Arch Public Health 2020; 78:101. [PMID: 33088502 PMCID: PMC7565817 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and a low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to ALT ratio (AST/ALT ratio) suggest nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, increasing the risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, eating quickly has been found to be associated with outcomes such as obesity. This study sought to investigate the relationship between eating quickly and an elevated ALT or a low AST/ALT ratio in Japanese middle-aged adults. METHODS The present study included 283,073 adults aged 40-64 years who had annual health checkups in Japan from April 2013 to March 2014. The data of serum parameters and lifestyle factors, including eating speed, were analyzed. An elevated ALT was defined as > 40 U/L, and a low AST/ALT ratio was defined as < 1. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for an elevated ALT and a low AST/ALT ratio. RESULTS Significantly increased ORs for an elevated ALT were observed in men (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.41-1.49) and women (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.25-1.43). Moreover, eating quickly significantly increased the ORs for a low AST/ALT ratio in men (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.50-1.56) and women (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.31-1.41). When the analysis was limited to those with ALT ≤40 U/L, eating quickly had significantly increased ORs for a low AST/ ALT ratio, regardless of sex. CONCLUSIONS Eating quickly was significantly associated with an elevated ALT and a low AST/ALT ratio. In addition, eating quickly was significantly associated with a low AST/ALT ratio even for those without ALT elevation. This study suggested that modification of eating speed may contribute to reducing the risk for an elevated ALT and a low AST/ALT ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Ozaki
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
- Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, 5-1-38 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8577 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Takako Shirasawa
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Takahiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Satsue Nagahama
- All Japan Labor Welfare Foundation, 6-16-11 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-0064 Japan
| | - Jun Muramatsu
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Takahiko Chono
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ito
- Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, 5-1-38 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8577 Japan
| | - Haruhiro Inoue
- Digestive Diseases Center, Showa University Koto Toyosu Hospital, 5-1-38 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8577 Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
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Shiozawa K, Mototani Y, Suita K, Ito A, Matsuo I, Hayakawa Y, Kiyomoto K, Tsunoda M, Nariyama M, Umeki D, Ohnuki Y, Okumura S. Gender differences in eating behavior and masticatory performance: An analysis of the Three-Factor-Eating Questionnaire and its association with body mass index in healthy subjects. J Oral Biosci 2020; 62:357-362. [PMID: 32937182 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Three-Factor-Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) is an established instrument to assess eating behavior in terms of dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger. METHODS The aims of this study were to examine (1) the correlation between eating behavior and body mass index (BMI), (2) the correlation between eating behavior and masticatory performance in terms of bite size and eating speed, and (3) the effects of gender on these correlations in 56 healthy subjects (33 males [21.9 ± 2.8 years old] and 23 females [21.7 ± 2.2 years old]). RESULTS We found a significant correlation between restraint and BMI only in females and between hunger and BMI only in males. However, disinhibition and BMI were significantly correlated in both males and females. We also found a significant correlation between bite size and hunger only in males and between eating speed and disinhibition in both males and females. CONCLUSIONS These findings underline the importance of gender-specific counselling and behavioral treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Shiozawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mototani
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Suita
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Aiko Ito
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayakawa
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan; Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kiyomoto
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Michinori Tsunoda
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan; Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 236-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeki
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Ohnuki
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Physiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
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Eating Fast Has a Significant Impact on Glycemic Excursion in Healthy Women: Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092767. [PMID: 32927895 PMCID: PMC7551722 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that self-reported fast eating increases the risk of diabetes and obesity. Our aim was to evaluate the acute effect of fast eating on glycemic parameters through conducting a randomized controlled cross-over study with young healthy women. Nineteen healthy women wore a flash glucose monitoring system for 6 days. Each participant consumed identical test meals with a different eating speed of fast eating (10 min) or slow eating (20 min) on the 4th or the 5th day. The daily glycemic parameters were compared between the 2 days. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE; fast eating 3.67 ± 0.31 vs. slow eating 2.67 ± 0.20 mmol/L, p < 0.01), incremental glucose peak (IGP; breakfast 2.30 ± 0.19 vs. 1.71 ± 0.12 mmol/L, p < 0.01, lunch 4.06 ± 0.33 vs. 3.13 ± 0.28 mmol/L, p < 0.01, dinner 3.87 ± 0.38 vs. 2.27 ± 0.27 mmol/L, p < 0.001), and incremental area under the curve for glucose of dinner 2 h (IAUC; 256 ± 30 vs. 128 ± 18 mmol/L × min, p < 0.001) for fast eating were all significantly higher than those for slow eating. The results suggest that fast eating is associated with higher glycemic excursion in healthy women.
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Cao X, Gu Y, Bian S, Zhang Q, Meng G, Liu L, Wu H, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Sun S, Wang X, Jia Q, Song K, Niu K. Association between eating speed and newly diagnosed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among the general population. Nutr Res 2020; 80:78-88. [PMID: 32736293 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fast eating speed is a risk factor for obesity, which is also closely related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting that fast eating speed may contribute to the development of NAFLD. But the extent to which obesity may mediate the association between eating speed and NAFLD is uncertain. We hypothesized that obesity plays a mediating role in the association between eating speed and prevalence of NAFLD in the general population. A cross-sectional study (n = 23,611) was conducted in a general population sample from Tianjin, China. We measured anthropometrics and biochemical variables. The self-reported eating speed per meal was recorded and classified into 4 categories: slow, medium, relatively fast, and very fast. NAFLD was diagnosed by liver ultrasonography. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the associations between the eating speed and the prevalence of NAFLD, as well as the mediation effects of obesity on the association between eating speed and NAFLD. The prevalence of newly diagnosed NAFLD was 19.0%. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of NAFLD across categories of eating speed were 1.00 (reference), 1.39 (1.18-1.64), 1.71 (1.45-2.01), and 2.04 (1.70-2.46). All these significant odds ratios were attenuated to be nonsignificant by adjustment for body mass index and/or waist circumference. This is the first study to demonstrate that eating speed is not independently associated with increased risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Cao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Bian
- The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Meng
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunming Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingjing Zhang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuena Wang
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaomei Sun
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Song
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Health Management Centre, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China.
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Yoshimoto T, Ochiai H, Shirasawa T, Nagahama S, Uehara A, Muramatsu J, Kokaze A. Clustering of Lifestyle Factors and Its Association with Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study of Over 400,000 Japanese Adults. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1411-1419. [PMID: 32606907 PMCID: PMC7297565 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s247529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although many studies have indicated the association between low back pain (LBP) and lifestyle factors, the combined effect of lifestyle factors on LBP has not been adequately investigated. We aimed to investigate the association between a cluster of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and LBP using a large cohort of Japanese adults. Methods We included 419,003 adults aged over 20 years who underwent an annual health checkup between April 2013 and March 2014 in Japan. Information on the following lifestyle factors was collected using the standardized questionnaire: smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, physical activity, walking speed, weight control, eating habits, and sleep. Each factor was evaluated as a dichotomous variable (1: health risk, 0: no health risk). A lifestyle risk score was calculated by summing the score of each lifestyle factor (range: 0–12) and was categorized into three groups (low, moderate, high). LBP was defined as self-reported LBP under treatment. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBP. Results In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the OR for LBP was significantly higher in the moderate-risk score group (adjusted OR: 1.33 [95% CI: 1.23–1.44] in men; 1.40 [95% CI: 1.27–1.54] in women) and the high-risk score group (adjusted OR: 1.54 [95% CI: 1.43–1.67] in men; 1.83 [95% CI: 1.64–2.03] in women) than in the low-risk score group. A trend of higher risk of LBP associated with higher lifestyle risk score was observed in both sexes (p for trend < 0.001). These results were similar even in subgroup analysis by age and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion Clustering of unhealthy lifestyles was associated with increased risk of LBP regardless of age and BMI. These results may provide implications for better prevention and management of LBP, considering modifiable lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Yoshimoto
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ochiai
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Shirasawa
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsue Nagahama
- All Japan Labor Welfare Foundation, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Uehara
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Muramatsu
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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How Important Is Eating Rate in the Physiological Response to Food Intake, Control of Body Weight, and Glycemia? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061734. [PMID: 32532002 PMCID: PMC7353031 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between eating rate and energy intake has long been a matter of extensive research. A better understanding of the effect of food intake speed on body weight and glycemia in the long term could serve as a means to prevent weight gain and/or dysglycemia. Whether a fast eating rate plays an important role in increased energy intake and body weight depends on various factors related to the studied food such as texture, viscosity and taste, but seems to be also influenced by the habitual characteristics of the studied subjects as well. Hunger and satiety quantified via test meals in acute experiments with subsequent energy intake measurements and their association with anorexigenic and orexigenic regulating peptides provide further insight to the complicated pathogenesis of obesity. The present review examines data from the abundant literature on the subject of eating rate, and highlights the main findings in people with normal weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, with the aim of clarifying the association between rate of food intake and hunger, satiety, glycemia, and energy intake in the short and long term.
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Dong JY, Ikehara S, Kimura T, Cui M, Kawanishi Y, Kimura T, Ueda K, Iso H. Self-Reported Eating Speed and Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051296. [PMID: 32370156 PMCID: PMC7282250 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little evidence linking eating speed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) incidence. We therefore aimed to evaluate the prospective association of eating speed with GDM incidence. Overall, 97,454 pregnant women were recruited between January 2011 and March 2014. Singleton pregnant women who did not have GDM, heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 1 diabetes, and/or type 2 diabetes at the time of study enrollment were eligible. Each woman was asked about her eating speed at that time via a questionnaire. Odds ratios of GDM in relation to eating speed were obtained using logistic regression. Among the 84,811 women eligible for analysis, 1902 cases of GDM were identified in medical records. Compared with women who reported slow eating speed, the age-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of GDM for women who reported medium, relatively fast, or very fast eating speed were 1.03 (0.90, 1.18), 1.07 (0.94, 1.23), and 1.28 (1.05, 1.58), respectively. Adjustment for demographic, lifestyle-related, and dietary factors including dietary fat, dietary fiber, and energy intakes yielded similar results. The association was attenuated and no longer significant after further adjustment for pre-pregnancy body mass index. The mediation analysis showed that being overweight accounted for 64% of the excess risk of GDM associated with eating speed. In conclusion, women who reported very fast eating speed, compared with those reporting slow eating speed, were associated with an increased incidence of GDM, which may be largely mediated by increased body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Dong
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (J.-Y.D.); (S.I.); (M.C.)
| | - Satoyo Ikehara
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (J.-Y.D.); (S.I.); (M.C.)
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 0608638, Japan;
| | - Meishan Cui
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (J.-Y.D.); (S.I.); (M.C.)
| | - Yoko Kawanishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (Y.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Kimiko Ueda
- Maternal & Child Health Information Center, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka 5941101, Japan;
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 5650871, Japan; (J.-Y.D.); (S.I.); (M.C.)
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058575, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-06-6879-3911
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Association Between Self-Reported Eating Rate, Energy Intake, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041080. [PMID: 32295057 PMCID: PMC7230501 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating faster is associated with greater body mass index (BMI), but less is known about the relationships between eating rate, energy intake, body composition, and cardio-metabolic risk factors in different Asian ethnic groups. Using data from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort (n = 7011; 21-75 y), we investigated associations between self-reported eating rate (SRER), with energy intake, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids. SRER and lifestyle was assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multivariable models were used to examine the associations of SRER with energy intake, body composition, blood pressure, and blood lipids after adjusting for covariates. General and abdominal overweight were defined as BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 and waist circumference > 90cm (men) and > 80cm (women), respectively. On average, faster eaters (vs. slower eaters) consumed 105kcal/day more (p = 0.034), had ~5kg higher body weight (p < 0.001), 1.3 kg/m2 higher BMI (p < 0.001), and 3.1cm larger waist-circumference (p < 0.001). Faster eaters had significantly higher blood pressure, circulating triglycerides, and total-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio than slower eaters. Faster eaters were twice as likely to develop general (multivariable-OR: 2.2;95%CI,1.8-2.6; p < 0.001), and abdominal (OR:1.8;95%CI, 1.5-2.2; p < 0.001) overweight than slower eaters. This association was observed across all subgroups by age, sex, and ethnicity. Findings suggest that SRER is a robust behavioral marker for increased risk of higher energy intake, obesity, and poor cardio-metabolic health, and a modifiable behavioral risk-factor for obesity prevention.
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Iqbal SP, Ramadas A, Fatt QK, Shin HL, Onn WY, Kadir KA. Relationship of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and diet habits with metabolic syndrome (MetS) among three ethnic groups of the Malaysian population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0224054. [PMID: 32191727 PMCID: PMC7082049 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Literature shows a high prevalence of MetS among Malaysians, varying across the major ethnicities. Since sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and diet habits of such communities have been reported to be diverse, the objective of this study was to investigate the association of various sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and diet habits with MetS overall, as well as with the three major ethnic communities in Malaysia, specifically. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 481 Malaysians of ages 18 years and above living in the state of Johor, Malaysia. Information on demographics, lifestyle and diet habits were collected using a structured questionnaire. Harmonized criteria were used to assess the status of MetS. Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine any associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary behaviours with MetS. Results MetS was found among 32.2% of the respondents and was more prevalent among the Indians (51.9%), followed by the Malays (36.7%) and the Chinese (20.2%). Overall, increasing age (AOR = 2.44[95%CI = 1.27–4.70] at 40–49 years vs. AOR = 4.14[95%CI = 1.97–8.69] at 60 years and above) and Indian ethnicity (AOR = 1.95[95%CI = 1.12–3.38)] increased the odds of MetS, while higher education (AOR = 0.44[95%CI = 0.20–0.94] decreased the odds of MetS in this population. Quick finishing of meals (AOR = 2.17[95%CI = 1.02–4.60]) and low physical activity (AOR = 4.76[95%CI = 1.49–15.26]) were associated with increased odds of MetS among the Malays and the Chinese, respectively. Conclusion The population of Johor depicts a diverse lifestyle and diet behaviour, and some of these factors are associated with MetS in certain ethnic groups. In the light of such differences, ethnic specific measures would be needed to reduce the prevalence of MetS among those in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Perwaiz Iqbal
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Amutha Ramadas
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Quek Kia Fatt
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ho Loon Shin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Wong Yin Onn
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Abdul Kadir
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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Woodward E, Haszard J, Worsfold A, Venn B. Comparison of Self-Reported Speed of Eating with an Objective Measure of Eating Rate. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030599. [PMID: 32110855 PMCID: PMC7146333 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Slow eating may be beneficial in reducing energy intake although there is limited research quantifying eating rate. Perceived speed of eating was self-reported by 78 adults using a standard question “On a scale of 1–5 (very slow–very fast), how fast do you believe you eat?” Timing the completion of meals on three occasions was used to assess objective eating rate. The mean (SD) speeds of eating by self-reported categories were 49 (13.7), 42 (12.2), and 35 (10.5) g/min for fast, medium, and slow eaters, respectively. Within each self-reported category, the range of timed speed of eating resulted in considerable overlap between self-identified ‘fast’, ‘medium’ and ‘slow’ eaters. There was 47.4% agreement (fair) between self-reported speed of eating and the objective measure of eating rate (κ = 0.219). Self-reported speed of eating was sufficient at a group level to detect a significant difference (10.9 g/min (95% CI: 2.7, 19.2 g/min, p = 0.009)) between fast and slow; and fast and medium eaters (6.0 g/min (0.5, 11.6 g/min p = 0.033)). The mean difference (95% CI) between slow and medium eaters was 4.9 (−3.4, 12.2) g/min (p = 0.250). At an individual level, self-report had poor sensitivity. Compared to objectively measured speed of eating, self-reported speed of eating was found to be an unreliable means of assessing an individual’s eating rate. There are no standard protocols for assessing speed of eating or eating rate. Establishing such protocols would enable the development of population reference ranges across various demographic groups that may be applicable for public health messages and in clinical management.
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Ekuni D, Furuta M, Kimura T, Toyama N, Fukuhara D, Uchida Y, Sawada N, Morita M. Association between intensive health guidance focusing on eating quickly and metabolic syndrome in Japanese middle-aged citizens. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:91-98. [PMID: 29882038 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this intervention study was to investigate whether intensive health guidance focusing on eating quickly can prevent metabolic syndrome (MetS) more effectively than standard routine guidance in Japanese citizens living in rural areas. METHODS This controlled, non-randomized, intervention study analyzed 141 participants with MetS at baseline. Participants in the intervention group received health guidance focusing on eating quickly and standard health guidance about MetS in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan, whereas participants in the control group received only standard health guidance about MetS. The primary study outcome was the prevalence of MetS at a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS At 1-year follow-up, the prevalence of MetS in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.003). The decreases in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and triglycerides from baseline to 1 year were significantly greater in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Intensive health guidance focusing on eating quickly is more effective for improving MetS than standard Japanese health guidance alone. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization. TRIAL REGISTRY NAME, REGISTRATION IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, AND URL FOR THE REGISTRY: UMIN, UMIN000030600, http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ekuni
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. .,Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Michiko Furuta
- Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Toyama
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Daiki Fukuhara
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoko Uchida
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nanami Sawada
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Manabu Morita
- Departments of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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Impacts of lifestyle behavior and shift work on visceral fat accumulation and the presence of atherosclerosis in middle-aged male workers. Hypertens Res 2019; 43:235-245. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Sato A, Ohtsuka Y, Yamanaka Y. Morning Mastication Enhances Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Young Subjects. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 249:193-201. [PMID: 31761819 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.249.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial glucose concentration is dependent on the time of day and its concentration in the morning is lower than in the evening. However, whether it is dependent on mastication at different times of the day has not been studied before. We hypothesized that mastication affects insulin-mediated glucose metabolism differently in the morning and evening in healthy individuals. Firstly, nine healthy male volunteers (22.0 ± 0.7 SEM years, body mass index 22.0 ± 1.0 kg/m2) performed a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). One week after the OGTT, they participated in a high-carbohydrate food (rice) consumption test with 10 or 40 chews per mouthful. Each experiment was conducted in the morning (0800 h) and evening (2000 h) on the same day. Blood samples were collected before and at 30-min intervals for 120 min after glucose or rice consumption. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose in the OGTT was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening, whereas the iAUC for insulin was similar at both times. In participants who chewed 40 times, the iAUC for glucose after rice consumption was significantly lower in the morning than in the evening but was similar at both times in individuals who chewed 10 times. Chewing 40 times in the morning (but not the evening) significantly increased insulin secretion at 30 min. This suggests that morning mastication improves early-phase insulin secretion after rice consumption. This novel finding may aid in reducing the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Sato
- School of Education, Hokkaido University.,School of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Yoshinori Ohtsuka
- Department of Sports and Human Studies, Sapporo International University
| | - Yujiro Yamanaka
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University.,Laboratory of Life and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University
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Fagnant HS, Armstrong NJ, Lutz LJ, Nakayama AT, Guerriere KI, Ruthazer R, Cole RE, McClung JP, Gaffney-Stomberg E, Karl JP. Self-reported eating behaviors of military recruits are associated with body mass index at military accession and change during initial military training. Appetite 2019; 142:104348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jeong JN, Kim SH, Park KN. Relationship between objectively measured lifestyle factors and health factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis: The STROBE Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16060. [PMID: 31261513 PMCID: PMC6616066 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between objectively-measured lifestyle factors and health factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).In this cross-sectional study, 52 patients with knee OA were examined. Lifestyle factors were measured using a wearable smartwatch (step counts, walking distance, calorie consumption, sleep hours) and by self-report (eating speed). Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, muscle strength of knee extensor and hip abductor, knee pain, symptoms, daily living function, sports recreation function, quality of life by knee injury and OA outcome score (KOOS) were measured to obtain data on health factors. Correlations and regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between lifestyle factors and health factors.KOOS subscales (pain, symptom, daily living function) and hip abductor strength were positively correlated with daily step count, which was the only independently contributing lifestyle factor. Additionally, knee pain duration and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with daily step count. BMI and waist circumference showed no correlation with physical activity data, but were negatively correlated with sleep duration and eating speed.The findings of this study contribute to expanding the knowledge on how lifestyle habits of older patients with knee OA contribute to their health status. Daily step counts were associated with knee OA-related pain, symptom, function in daily living, duration of knee pain, blood pressure, and strength of hip abductor. BMI and waist circumference were associated with sleep duration and eating speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Na Jeong
- Department of Health Management, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju
| | - Si-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sangji University, Wonju
| | - Kyue-Nam Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
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