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Al-Daghri NM, Yakout SM, Hussain SD, Alnaami AM, Veronese N, Barbagallo M, Sabico S. Hypomagnesemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2025; 104:e41253. [PMID: 39833091 PMCID: PMC11749644 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000041253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and examines its association with various metabolic parameters. Conducted as a cross-sectional study at King Saud University, Riyadh, it included 294 Saudi adults aged 25 to 65 years, comprising 119 T2DM patients, 80 prediabetics, and 95 nondiabetic controls. Participants underwent physical examinations, and fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and serum magnesium levels. Statistical analysis revealed that lower magnesium levels were significantly more prevalent in T2DM patients (1.65 ± 4.9 mg/L) compared to prediabetes (2.48 ± 5.2 mg/L) and controls (2.9 ± 5.4 mg/L; P < .001). T2DM patients with magnesium deficiency exhibited higher levels of fasting glucose (11.2 ± 3.9 mmol/L), HbA1c (8.6 ± 2.1 mmol/L), and triglycerides (2.1 ± 0.9 mmol/L), along with increased insulin resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance = 6.6) and decreased insulin sensitivity (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index = 0.29). Magnesium levels correlated negatively with glucose (R = -0.58) and HbA1c (R = -0.61). The area under the curve for serum magnesium in predicting HbA1c > 5.7 was 0.88, and for HbA1c ≥ 6.5, it was 0.91, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. These findings suggest that magnesium deficiency significantly impacts the metabolic profile of T2DM patients in Riyadh. Therefore, routine monitoring of magnesium levels is crucial in diabetes management, and further research is needed to explore the benefits of magnesium supplementation in T2DM care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhy M. Yakout
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Danish Hussain
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Momenzadeh A, Cranney C, Choi SY, Bresee C, Tighiouart M, Gianchandani R, Pevnick J, Moore JH, Meyer JG. Medications that Regulate Gastrointestinal Transit Influence Inpatient Blood Glucose. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.31.24311287. [PMID: 39132476 PMCID: PMC11312652 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.24311287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Objective A multitude of factors affect a hospitalized individual's blood glucose (BG), making BG difficult to predict and manage. Beyond medications well established to alter BG, such as beta-blockers, there are likely many medications with undiscovered effects on BG variability. Identification of these medications and the strength and timing of these relationships has potential to improve glycemic management and patient safety. Materials and Methods EHR data from 103,871 inpatient encounters over 8 years within a large, urban health system was used to extract over 500 medications, laboratory measurements, and clinical predictors of BG. Feature selection was performed using an optimized Lasso model with repeated 5-fold cross-validation on the 80% training set, followed by a linear mixed regression model to evaluate statistical significance. Significant medication predictors were then evaluated for novelty against a comprehensive adverse drug event database. Results We found 29 statistically significant features associated with BG; 24 were medications including 10 medications not previously documented to alter BG. The remaining five factors were Black/African American race, history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, prior BG (mean and last) and creatinine. Discussion The unexpected medications, including several agents involved in gastrointestinal motility, found to affect BG were supported by available studies. This study may bring to light medications to use with caution in individuals with hyper- or hypoglycemia. Further investigation of these potential candidates is needed to enhance clinical utility of these findings. Conclusion This study uniquely identifies medications involved in gastrointestinal transit to be predictors of BG that may not well established and recognized in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Momenzadeh
- Department of Computational Biomedicine; Cedars-Sinai; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Caleb Cranney
- Department of Computational Biomedicine; Cedars-Sinai; Los Angeles, CA
| | - So Yung Choi
- Biostatistics Shared Resource; Cedars-Sinai; Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Roma Gianchandani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism; Cedars-Sinai; Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joshua Pevnick
- Division of General Internal Medicine; Cedars-Sinai; Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Computational Biomedicine; Cedars-Sinai; Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jesse G Meyer
- Department of Computational Biomedicine; Cedars-Sinai; Los Angeles, CA
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Zhang H, Yang J, Cao Y, Shan X, Yang L. Study on the Dose-Response Relationship between Magnesium and Type 2 Diabetes of Childbearing Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance 2015. Nutrients 2024; 16:1018. [PMID: 38613051 PMCID: PMC11013345 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element and participates in many metabolic pathways. Many studies have found a certain negative correlation between magnesium and blood glucose parameters, but the dose-response relationship between them is still a relatively narrow research field. We aim to explore the dose-response relationship between plasma and dietary Mg and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among childbearing women in a nationally representative sample. And we will also initially explore the threshold of dietary and plasma magnesium in the prevention of T2DM and their consistency. Methods: A total of 2912 18-44 year-old childbearing women were recruited from the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (2015). Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the dose-response relationship between plasma and dietary Mg and glucose parameters. The threshold effect between Mg and T2DM was explored by a restricted cubic spline regression. Results: It was found that when plasma Mg was increased by 0.041 mmol/L, the risk of T2DM, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and HbA1c-hyperglycemia was reduced by 18%, 19%, and 18%, respectively. The possible threshold value for plasma Mg to prevent the risk of T2DM was 0.87 mmol/L. Through the quality control of the sample dietary survey data, 2469 cases were finally included for dietary analysis. And the possible threshold value for dietary Mg to prevent the risk of T2DM was 408 mg/d. Taking the recommended dietary Mg intake of 330 mg/d as the reference group, when the Mg intake reached 408 mg/d, the risk of T2DM was significantly reduced. And the average plasma Mg level of the people whose dietary intake reached 408 mg/d was 0.87 mmol/L. Conclusions: These results indicate that dietary Mg and plasma Mg have good consistency on the threshold effect of glucose parameters in women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lichen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health and Nutrition, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.C.); (X.S.)
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Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Barbagallo M. Magnesium and the Hallmarks of Aging. Nutrients 2024; 16:496. [PMID: 38398820 PMCID: PMC10892939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential ion in the human body that regulates numerous physiological and pathological processes. Magnesium deficiency is very common in old age. Age-related chronic diseases and the aging process itself are frequently associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, called 'inflammaging'. Because chronic magnesium insufficiency has been linked to excessive generation of inflammatory markers and free radicals, inducing a chronic inflammatory state, we formerly hypothesized that magnesium inadequacy may be considered among the intermediaries helping us explain the link between inflammaging and aging-associated diseases. We show in this review evidence of the relationship of magnesium with all the hallmarks of aging (genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, disabled autophagy, dysbiosis, and chronic inflammation), which may positively affect the human healthspan. It is feasible to hypothesize that maintaining an optimal balance of magnesium during one's life course may turn out to be a safe and economical strategy contributing to the promotion of healthy aging. Future well-designed studies are necessary to further explore this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia J. Dominguez
- School of Medicine, “Kore” University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
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Han M, Zhang Y, Fang J, Sun M, Liu Q, Ma Z, Hu D, Gong X, Liu Y, Jin L, Liu Z, Ma Y. Associations between dietary magnesium intake and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:331-341. [PMID: 37821564 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia significantly impact chronic diseases and mortality. Magnesium is an essential nutrient for maintaining critical physiological functions, and magnesium deficiency is often associated with adverse health outcomes. In a cross-sectional study of US adults, we aimed to explore dietary magnesium intake and its association with the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in US adults over 20 years of age in NHANES 2007-2018. We obtained data on 24,171 samples of hypertension, 9950 samples of diabetes, and 12,149 samples of hyperlipidemia. We used multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for multiple sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors, with participants subdivided into five groups based on quintiles of daily dietary magnesium. After adjusting for the major lifestyle and dietary variables, an independent and significant inverse relationship between dietary magnesium and hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia was observed. Compared with the lowest quintile of magnesium intake, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia was significantly reduced in the highest magnesium quintile. The OR of hypertension in the highest quintile was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.51-0.87; P trend < 0.001), the OR of diabetes was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39-0.81; P trend < 0.001), and the OR of hyperlipidemia was 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.86; P trend = 0.007). In the subgroup analysis, most of the inverse relationships persisted. Our findings highlight the potential of magnesium-rich foods to prevent hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia in US adults. This article summarizes and discuss recent findings on: 1) A high dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension; 2) An inverse relationship between dietary magnesium with diabetes hyperlipidemia; 3) Monitoring and management of magnesium was important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Han
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaxin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Qitong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhaoyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Daibao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No.1163 Xinmin Street, 130021, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Zuyun Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China.
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Wu C, Liu P, Yuan Z. Prospective association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes amongst Chinese adults: the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:81-91. [PMID: 37933616 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2278418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prospectively explore the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk amongst 13,175 Chinese adults. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of T2D events in relation to FVI. Results showed that the highest quintile of FVI was inversely associated with T2D risk in men (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.98) and women (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.97), whereas no such associations were observed between total vegetable intake and T2D in either men (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.26) or women (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.38). In addition, greater fruit intake was inversely associated with T2D risk in men (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.63) and women (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.90). Overall, FVI and total fruit intake were inversely associated with T2D risk amongst Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Wu
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Hefei Yaohai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Zhanpeng Yuan
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Hamamah S, Iatcu OC, Covasa M. Nutrition at the Intersection between Gut Microbiota Eubiosis and Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38257161 PMCID: PMC10820857 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors in both taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota as well as in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence has shown that the effects of nutrition on both these parameters is not mutually exclusive and that changes in gut microbiota and related metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may influence systemic inflammation and signaling pathways that contribute to pathophysiological processes associated with T2DM. With this background, our review highlights the effects of macronutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals, on T2DM, specifically through their alterations in gut microbiota and the metabolites they produce. Additionally, we describe the influences of common food groups, which incorporate varying combinations of these macronutrients and micronutrients, on both microbiota and metabolic parameters in the context of diabetes mellitus. Overall, nutrition is one of the first line modifiable therapies in the management of T2DM and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence its pathophysiology provides opportunities for optimizing dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Oana C. Iatcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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Henriksen C, Aaseth JO. Magnesium: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10314. [PMID: 38084152 PMCID: PMC10710857 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is a divalent ion involved in a range of biochemical reactions and cellular functions. The metabolism and requirements for magnesium are still insufficiently understood. In the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations from 2012, a recommended intake was set based on balance studies. However, the average requirement (AR) was not set. Functional indicators of magnesium status have been lacking. This scoping review reveals new research activity related to the beneficial effect of magnesium intake on several health outcomes (cardiovascular disease, diabetes and some cancers). Based on meta-analyses of cohort studies and Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), as well as on plausible mechanisms, a causal association is suggested. However, the optimal intake cannot be set based on these study designs and no new balance studies were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Olav Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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Liu W, Cao S, Shi D, Ye Z, Yu L, Liang R, Chen W, Wang B. Daily folate consumption is associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among US adults with diabetes, prediabetes, or insulin resistance. Nutr Res 2023; 114:71-80. [PMID: 37209506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that daily folate consumption may have a beneficial effect on mortality among adults with dysglycemia. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 9266, 12,601, and 16,025 US adults with diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance (IR; homeostasis model assessment of IR >2.6), respectively, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ⅲ and 1999-2018. Daily folate consumption was obtained from dietary recall. All-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality were obtained by linking to the National Death Index Mortality Data. During 117,746.00, 158,129.30, and 210,896.80 person-years of follow-up, 3356 (1053 CVD and 672 cancer), 3796 (1117 CVD and 854 cancer), and 4340 (1286 CVD and 928 cancer) deaths occurred among participants with diabetes, prediabetes, and IR, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed daily folate consumption was linearly associated with 7.1% (hazard ratio [HR], 0.929; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.914-0.945), 12.4% (HR, 0.886; 95% CI, 0.860-0.912), and 6.4% (HR, 0.936; 95% CI, 0.903-0.972) decreases in risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, respectively, among participants with diabetes. Among participants with prediabetes, each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed daily folate consumption was linearly associated with 3.6% (HR, 0.964; 95% CI, 0.949-0.980), 7.8% (HR, 0.922; 95% CI, 0.895-0.949), and 3.6% (HR, 0.964; 95% CI, 0.932-0.997) decreases in risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, respectively. Among participants with IR, each 1-unit increase in ln-transformed daily folate consumption was linearly associated with 5.7% (HR, 0.943; 95% CI, 0.929-0.956) and 9.0% (HR, 0.910; 95% CI, 0.885-0.933) decreases in risk of all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. Increased daily folate consumption may be beneficial in reducing all-cause and CVD mortality of adults with dysglycemia. More research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shuting Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Da Shi
- Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zi Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Hierons SJ, Catchpole A, Abbas K, Wong W, Giles MS, Miller GV, Ajjan RA, Stewart AJ. Total plasma magnesium, zinc, copper and selenium concentrations in obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Biometals 2023; 36:241-253. [PMID: 35138503 PMCID: PMC10082111 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity enhances the risk of type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and inflammatory conditions and often leads to metal dyshomeostasis, which contributes to the negative health aspects associated with the disease. In severe cases, bariatric surgery can be recommended to achieve sustained weight loss and improvement in health. Here, magnesium, zinc, copper and selenium concentrations were examined in 24 obese patients (7 males; 17 females) before and 9 months after undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. All patients lost weight over this period, with the mean BMI reducing from 51.2±7.1 kg/m2 to 37.2±5.5 kg/m2. Moreover, whole-blood glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), as a marker of average glycaemia, was also measured and a correlative analysis of this parameter with metal concentrations performed. Significant alterations in the plasma concentrations of magnesium, zinc (both increased by 13.2% and 25.2% respectively) and copper (decreased by 7.9%) were observed over this period (plasma selenium concentration was unchanged), with BMI values correlating with plasma magnesium (p = 0.004) and zinc (p = 0.022) concentrations. At 9 months post-surgery, an increase in mean zinc/copper ratio was observed (0.86±0.29 compared to 0.63±0.14 pre-surgery). Comparison of whole-blood HbA1c concentrations pre- and post-surgery revealed a reduction from 6.50±1.28% pre-surgery to 5.51±0.49% post-surgery. Differences in plasma HbA1c and magnesium at either pre- and post-surgery correlated significantly, as did HbA1c and magnesium levels when pre- and post-surgery values were analysed together. Collectively, this work reveals that bariatric surgery, in conjunction with lifestyle/dietary changes, lead to improvements in the nutritional status of magnesium, zinc and copper. Furthermore, the observed improvements in magnesium and zinc were associated with weight loss and in the case of magnesium, to better glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hierons
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Anthony Catchpole
- Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kazim Abbas
- Renal Transplant Unit, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK
| | - Wingzou Wong
- Endoscopy and GI Physiology Unit, York Hospital, York, UK
| | - Mathew S Giles
- Endoscopy and GI Physiology Unit, York Hospital, York, UK
| | - Glenn V Miller
- Endoscopy and GI Physiology Unit, York Hospital, York, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, St Andrews, Fife, UK.
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Nishi SK, Viguiliouk E, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Hu FB, Sievenpiper JL, Atzeni A, Misra A, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040878. [PMID: 36839236 PMCID: PMC9965730 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a continuously growing global concern affecting >10% of adults, which may be mitigated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Consumption of nuts and their inclusion in dietary patterns has been associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes. Diabetes guidelines recommend dietary patterns that incorporate nuts; however, specific recommendations related to nuts have been limited. This review considers the epidemiological and clinical evidence to date for the role of nut consumption as a dietary strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. Findings suggest nut consumption may have a potential role in the prevention and management of T2D, with mechanistic studies assessing nuts and individual nut-related nutritional constituents supporting this possibility. However, limited definitive evidence is available to date, and future studies are needed to elucidate better the impact of nuts on the prevention and management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110048, India
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi 110016, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
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Xu M, Cai J, Mo X, Liu Q, Zhang J, Wei Y, Liu S, Lin Y, Huang S, Mo C, Mai T, Tan D, Zhang Z, Qin J. Association of Dietary and Plasma Magnesium with Glycaemic Markers in a Chinese Population. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:549-558. [PMID: 35294745 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Certain metals play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of plasma magnesium (Mg) and dietary intake of Mg with glycaemic markers. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2373 subjects in Guangxi, China. Dietary Mg was obtained through a food frequency questionnaire containing 109 common foods. Plasma Mg concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression combined with multivariable restricted cubic spline (RCS) functions was applied to evaluate the association of plasma Mg and dietary Mg with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). In linear regression, dietary Mg was significantly associated with FPG in the overall population (β = - 0.087, P < 0.05) and in women (β = - 0.098, P < 0.05). Plasma Mg was significantly associated with FPG in the overall population (β = - 0.096, P < 0.05) and in men (β = - 0.110, P < 0.05) and women (β = - 0.088, P < 0.05). In the RCS model, no non-linear association was found between dietary and plasma Mg and HbA1c levels. Dietary and plasma Mg are significantly negatively associated with fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiansheng Cai
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoting Mo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiumei Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanfei Wei
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yinxia Lin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shenxiang Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunbao Mo
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Tingyu Mai
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Dechan Tan
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Xu Q, Hu L, Chen L, Li H, Tian X, Zuo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Sun P, Wang Y, Meng X, Wang A. Low serum magnesium is associated with poor functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:842-854. [PMID: 36415111 PMCID: PMC9928556 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The association between magnesium and outcomes after stroke is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the association of serum magnesium with all-cause mortality and poor functional outcome. METHODS We included patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) from the China National Stroke Registry III. We used Cox proportional hazards model for all-cause mortality and logistic regression model for poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 2-6/3-6) to examine the relationships. RESULTS Among the 6483 patients, the median (interquartile range) magnesium was 0.87 (0.80-0.93) mmol/L. Patients in the first quartile had a higher risk of mRS score 3-6/2-6 at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02, 1.64; adjusted OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04-1.59) compared with those in the fourth quartile. Similar results were found for mRS score 26 at 1 year. The age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI in first quartile magnesium was 1.40 (1.02-1.93) for all-cause mortality within 1 year, but became insignificant (HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.71-1.50) after adjusting for potential variables. CONCLUSIONS Low serum magnesium was associated with a high risk of poor functional outcome in patients with AIS or TIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lele Hu
- The Second People's Hospital of GuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of NeurologyZiBo Central HospitalZiboChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
| | - Yingting Zuo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health StatisticsSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ping Sun
- The Second People's Hospital of GuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Anxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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14
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Norouzi M, Rezvankhah B, Haeri MR, Heydari H, Tafaroji J, Shafigh N, Avval JO, Dahmardeh AR, Masoumzadeh N, Gharehbeglou M. Magnesium supplementation and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Transl Myol 2022; 32. [PMID: 35791617 PMCID: PMC9580541 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2022.10622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial disease affecting the immune system and many tissues in the body. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance and fasting blood sugar (FBS) of patients with RA. In this prospective uncontrolled before-after study, RA patients referring to Rheumatology clinics of Qom City from January 2020 to January 2021 were evaluated. First, the patients received the routine rheumatoid arthritis treatment including 5 mg Prednisolone and 200mg Hydroxychloroquine daily for 6 months and FBS and insulin levels were measured after. Then, they received the routine arthritis rheumatoid treatment in addition to 300 mg/day oral Magnesium sulfate for 6 months and then, FBS and insulin levels were measured. The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used for determining insulin resistance. Thirty five patients with RA and the mean age of 49.83±2.58 years were enrolled. Twenty eight cases (80%) were female and 7 cases (20%) were male. The mean HOMA-IR before and after consumption of oral magnesium were 3.04±0.29 and 2.43±0.19, respectively. Statistically significant differences were found between FBS, insulin and HOMA-IR before and after consumption of oral magnesium (p<0.05). Our data suggested that magnesium supplementation reduces FBS, insulin and HOMA-IR in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, magnesium supplements may be an alternative method for prevention of type 2 diabetes in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Norouzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom.
| | - Boshra Rezvankhah
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Haeri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom.
| | - Hosein Heydari
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom.
| | - Javad Tafaroji
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Science, Qom.
| | - Navid Shafigh
- Department of Anesthesiology and critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran.
| | - Jamshid Ordoni Avval
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan.
| | - Alireza Rahat Dahmardeh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan.
| | - Niyoosha Masoumzadeh
- Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran.
| | - Mohammad Gharehbeglou
- Department of Anesthesiology and critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan.
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A diet rich in fruit and whole grains is associated with a low risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: findings from a case-control study in South China. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:1492-1503. [PMID: 33317646 PMCID: PMC9991751 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various foods are associated with or protect against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was to examine the associations of foods and food patterns with the risk of T2DM in South China. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING The dietary patterns were identified by a principal components factor analysis. Univariable and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to analyse the associations between food groups and dietary patterns and the risk of T2DM. PARTICIPANTS A total of 384 patients with T2DM and 768 controls. RESULTS After adjustment for total energy intake, the standard intake of grains (228·3 ± 71·9 v. 238·8 ± 73·1 g/d, P = 0·025) and fruits (109 ± 90 v. 145 ± 108 g/d, P < 0·001) were lower in T2DM than in controls. Four dietary patterns were identified: (1) high light-coloured vegetables and low grains, (2) high fruits, (3) high red meat and low grains and (4) high dark-coloured vegetable. After adjustment for covariables, multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses showed significant dose-dependent inverse associations between total fruit intake, whole grains intake and the score of the high-fruit dietary pattern (all Pfor trend < 0·001) and the risk of T2DM. The adjusted OR (95 % CI) for T2DM comparing the extreme quartiles were 0·46 (0·29, 0·76) for total fruits, 0·48(0·31, 0·77) for whole grains and 0·42 (0·26, 0·68) for the high-fruit dietary pattern, respectively. Similar associations were observed for all subgroups of fruits (dark-colour and light-colour). CONCLUSION In South China, a diet rich in fruit and whole grains is associated with lower risk of T2DM.
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Huang J, Hu L, Yang J. Dietary Magnesium Intake Ameliorates the Association Between Household Pesticide Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes: Data From NHANES, 2007-2018. Front Nutr 2022; 9:903493. [PMID: 35669066 PMCID: PMC9165529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.903493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Hypothesis This study aimed to explore whether household pesticide exposure in the general population increased the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and whether intake of dietary magnesium could lower type 2 diabetes from household pesticide exposure. Methods For this cross-sectional study, we obtained the data of 9,187 United States adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2007-2018. Participants were subdivided into two groups based on the amount of daily dietary magnesium in the population: low group: <175 mg/day and high group: ≥175 mg/day. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we evaluated the relationship between pesticide exposure in the home and type 2 diabetes. Results Compared to those unexposed at home, individuals who were exposed to pesticides in their households had a relatively higher odds ratio for type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44). The association of pesticide exposure in the home with the incidence of type 2 diabetes was different for low and high dietary magnesium groups, OR = 1.66, 95% Cl: 1.19-2.33 vs. OR = 1.1, 95% Cl: 0.92-1.32, respectively. An interaction (P = 0.035) between household pesticide exposure and magnesium intake, suggested that high dietary magnesium intake may reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes from pesticide exposure. Conclusions Household pesticide exposure in the general population is associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. We report for the first time possible clinical relevance in that high magnesium intake may ameliorate the increased risk of type 2 diabetes from pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- Ganzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Disease-Related Gene, Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Bogdański P. The Role of Magnesium in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091714. [PMID: 35565682 PMCID: PMC9103223 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for maintaining vital physiological functions. It is involved in many fundamental processes, and Mg deficiency is often correlated with negative health outcomes. On the one hand, most western civilizations consume less than the recommended daily allowance of Mg. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence has indicated that chronic hypomagnesemia may be implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders such as overweight and obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), changes in lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. High Mg intake with diet and/or supplementation seems to prevent chronic metabolic complications. The protective action of Mg may include limiting the adipose tissue accumulation, improving glucose and insulin metabolism, enhancing endothelium-dependent vasodilation, normalizing lipid profile, and attenuating inflammatory processes. Thus, it currently seems that Mg plays an important role in developing metabolic disorders associated with obesity, although more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating Mg supplementation strategies are needed. This work represents a review and synthesis of recent data on the role of Mg in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders.
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Association between magnesium concentrations and prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24388. [PMID: 34937856 PMCID: PMC8695575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the association between serum magnesium level and prediabetes yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to examine the association between serum magnesium levels and prediabetes. Online databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched up to October, 2020. A total of 10 studies that reported mean and standard deviation (SD) of magnesium levels in prediabetes and healthy control group were identified. Random effects models were used to pool weighted mean differences (WMDs) of serum magnesium levels. Pooled-analysis showed that subjects with prediabetes had significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared with healthy controls (WMD = - 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.001). A significant heterogeneity observed across included studies (I2 = 95.6%, P < 0.001). However, different subgroup analysis did not detect the potential source of observed heterogeneity. Withdrawal of each individual study had no effect on the overall results. The present meta-analysis showed that circulating magnesium levels in people with prediabetes were significantly lower than healthy controls, confirming that magnesium deficiency may play a role in development and progression of prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample size and robust design are warranted to confirm present results.
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Phytic Acid and Whole Grains for Health Controversy. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010025. [PMID: 35010899 PMCID: PMC8746346 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytate (PA) serves as a phosphate storage molecule in cereals and other plant foods. In food and in the human body, PA has a high affinity to chelate Zn2+ and Fe2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, Mn2+ and Cu2+. As a consequence, minerals chelated in PA are not bio-available, which is a concern for public health in conditions of poor food availability and low mineral intakes, ultimately leading to an impaired micronutrient status, growth, development and increased mortality. For low-income countries this has resulted in communications on how to reduce the content of PA in food, by appropriate at home food processing. However, claims that a reduction in PA in food by processing per definition leads to a measurable improvement in mineral status and that the consumption of grains rich in PA impairs mineral status requires nuance. Frequently observed decreases of PA and increases in soluble minerals in in vitro food digestion (increased bio-accessibility) are used to promote food benefits. However, these do not necessarily translate into an increased bioavailability and mineral status in vivo. In vitro essays have limitations, such as the absence of blood flow, hormonal responses, neural regulation, gut epithelium associated factors and the presence of microbiota, which mutually influence the in vivo effects and should be considered. In Western countries, increased consumption of whole grain foods is associated with improved health outcomes, which does not justify advice to refrain from grain-based foods because they contain PA. The present commentary aims to clarify these seemingly controversial aspects.
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Huang W, Ma X, Liang H, Li H, Chen J, Fang L, Yang Q, Zhang Z. Dietary Magnesium Intake Affects the Association Between Serum Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:763076. [PMID: 34901114 PMCID: PMC8656460 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.763076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Circulating vitamin D concentrations have been associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Magnesium has also been reported to be associated with lower T2D risk. Besides, magnesium is an essential cofactor for vitamin D activation. However, the effect of dietary magnesium intake on the association between vitamin D and the risk of T2D has not been studied comprehensively. Therefore, we designed this cross-sectional study to assess the effect modification of magnesium intake on the association between vitamin D and risk of T2D. Research Design and Methods: The present study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) continuously from 2007 to 2014, involving 10,249 participants. By having stratified participants based on magnesium intake category (low magnesium intake <267 mg/day; high magnesium intake: ≥267 mg/day), we further evaluated the difference (interaction test) between the relationship of vitamin D with the risk of T2D among low magnesium intake participants and high magnesium intake participants using weighted multivariable logistic regression. Results: In this cross-sectional study, the association of serum vitamin D with the incidence of T2D appeared to differ between the low magnesium intake group and the high magnesium intake group (OR: 0.968, 95%Cl: 0.919–1.02 vs. OR: 0.925, 95%Cl: 0.883–0.97). Furthermore, there was evidence of interaction between vitamin D levels and magnesium intake on decreasing the incidence of T2D (p-value for interaction = 0.001). Conclusions: The results of our study indicated that magnesium intake might affect the association of serum vitamin D with the risk of T2D. Such a finding requires further randomized controlled trials to provide more evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Huang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Ma
- The Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- The Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haojia Li
- The Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- The Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liujia Fang
- The Third Clinical College, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qilin Yang
- Department of Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Fengler VH, Macheiner T, Goessler W, Ratzer M, Haybaeck J, Sargsyan K. Hepatic Response of Magnesium-Restricted Wild Type Mice. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110762. [PMID: 34822420 PMCID: PMC8625093 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium-deficiency is implicated in many metabolic disorders, e.g., type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, representing risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aims to investigate the contribution of magnesium-restriction to the development of NAFLD. Magnesium-deficiency was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a magnesium-deficient-diet. Metabolic markers as well as markers of inflammation and liver function were assessed. Furthermore, liver tissue was examined histopathologically and compared with specimens from high-fat-diet fed and control mice. Finally, the hepatic inflammatory response was quantified by determining hepatic IL-6, TNFα, and MCP-1. Magnesium-restriction resulted in at least a 2-fold significant reduction of serum magnesium levels compared to the high-fat-diet fed and control mice, whereas the hepatic magnesium content was decreased due to high-fat-diet feeding. No changes in metabolic markers in magnesium-restricted mice were observed, while the cholesterol content was elevated in high-fat-diet fed mice. Magnesium-restricted mice additionally featured inflammation and enlarged hepatocytes in liver histology. Furthermore, magnesium-restricted and high-fat-diet fed mice exhibited elevated hepatic TNFα levels compared to control mice. Accordingly, our data suggest that magnesium is involved in hepatic inflammatory processes and hepatocyte enlargement, key histological features of human NAFLD, and may therefore contribute to development and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera H. Fengler
- Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Macheiner
- International Biobank and Education, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Maria Ratzer
- Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Karine Sargsyan
- International Biobank and Education, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-72718
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22
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Duni A, Koutlas V, Tsitouridis A, Tzalavra E, Oikonomaki T, Kitsos A, Rapsomanikis KP, Alekos J, Tatsis V, Pappas C, Mitsis M, Dounousi E. Longitudinal Assessment of Electrolyte Disorders in a Cohort of Chronic Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:2786-2792. [PMID: 34690001 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is complicated by various electrolyte disturbances with variable reported prevalence and incidence and of multifactorial pathogenesis. The aim of our study was the retrospective longitudinal assessment of the serum electrolytes in a cohort of stable kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and the possible associated parameters, including graft function and medications. METHODS We included 93 stable KTRs under follow-up in our hospital's kidney transplant unit. Serum magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and urine sodium levels were recorded retrospectively during 3 consecutive years. In addition, comorbidities, biochemical parameters, medications, and graft function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation and 24-hour urinary protein [uTpr]) were recorded. RESULTS Mean age at baseline was 51 ± 11 years; 64 KTRs were men (68.8%), 17 (18.3%) had diabetes, 79 (85%) had hypertension, and 11 (11.8%) had cardiovascular disease. Mean eGFR and uTpr (mg/24 h) at study initiation were 47.1 ± 13.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 369.4 ± 404.2 mg/24 h, respectively. Hypomagnesemia was the most common disturbance observed in 21.7% of KTRs. Patients with hypomagnesemia displayed higher parathyroid hormone levels and more frequently had diabetes. Hypophosphatemia was recorded in 9.7% of KTRs during the first year. Hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, and hypercalcemia were rare (<5%). Mean serum and urine sodium concentration remained stable during the study, whereas urinary sodium levels showed a positive correlation with uTpr (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort of KTRs, there were no significant electrolyte disorders, either in terms of frequency or severity, with hypomagnesemia being the most prevalent disturbance. The identification of potential associated risk factors and clinical data correlations are pivotal for the development of individualized and evidence-based therapeutic approach and decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Duni
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Koutlas
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Eirini Tzalavra
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theodora Oikonomaki
- Department of Nephrology, Evaggelismos General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kitsos
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - John Alekos
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Tatsis
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Charalampos Pappas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mixalis Mitsis
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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23
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Tsuji R, Inoue H, Uehara M, Kida S. Dietary magnesium deficiency induces the expression of neuroinflammation-related genes in mouse brain. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:230-236. [PMID: 33675126 PMCID: PMC8340841 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dietary Mg2+ deficiency (MgD) impairs hippocampus-dependent memory in mice; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying MgD-induced memory impairments are unclear. Here, we investigated the molecular signatures in the hippocampus of MgD mice by analyzing the hippocampal transcriptome. METHODS We performed RNA-sequencing of the hippocampal transcriptome of MgD mice. We used gene ontology analyses and quantitative real-time PCR to validate the RNA-sequencing results. RESULTS mRNAs for neuroinflammation-related genes were upregulated in the hippocampus and cortex of MgD mice. CONCLUSION MgD induces neuroinflammation in the mouse brain, including the hippocampus and cortex. Our findings suggest that MgD-induced neuroinflammation triggers the impairments of hippocampus-dependent memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhei Tsuji
- Department of Applied Biological ChemistryGraduate school of Agriculture and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Faculty of Applied BioscienceDepartment of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Faculty of Applied BioscienceDepartment of Nutritional Science and Food SafetyTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Faculty of Applied BioscienceDepartment of Nutritional Science and Food SafetyTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Kida
- Department of Applied Biological ChemistryGraduate school of Agriculture and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Faculty of Applied BioscienceDepartment of BioscienceTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
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24
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Bjørklund G, Tippairote T, Dadar M, Lizcano F, Aaseth J, Borisova O. The Roles of Dietary, Nutritional and Lifestyle Interventions in Adipose Tissue Adaptation and Obesity. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1683-1702. [PMID: 32368968 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The obesity and the associated non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are globally increasing in their prevalence. While the modern-day lifestyle required less ventilation of metabolic energy through muscular activities, this lifestyle transition also provided the unlimited accession to foods around the clock, which prolong the daily eating period of foods that contained high calorie and high glycemic load. These situations promote the high continuous flux of carbon substrate availability in mitochondria and induce the indecisive bioenergetic switches. The disrupted bioenergetic milieu increases the uncoupling respiration due to the excess flow of the substrate-derived reducing equivalents and reduces ubiquinones into the respiratory chain. The diversion of the uncoupling proton gradient through adipocyte thermogenesis will then alleviate the damaging effects of free radicals to mitochondria and other organelles. The adaptive induction of white adipose tissues (WAT) to beige adipose tissues (beAT) has shown beneficial effects on glucose oxidation, ROS protection and mitochondrial function preservation through the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent thermogenesis of beAT. However, the maladaptive stage can eventually initiate with the persistent unhealthy lifestyles. Under this metabolic gridlock, the low oxygen and pro-inflammatory environments promote the adipose breakdown with sequential metabolic dysregulation, including insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and clinical NCDs progression. It is unlikely that a single intervention can reverse all these complex interactions. A comprehensive protocol that includes dietary, nutritional and all modifiable lifestyle interventions, can be the preferable choice to decelerate, stop, or reverse the NCDs pathophysiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Olga Borisova
- Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odessa, Ukraine
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25
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Fiorentini D, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Prata C. Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency. Nutrients 2021; 13:1136. [PMID: 33808247 PMCID: PMC8065437 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (D.F.); (C.C.); (C.P.)
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26
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Wu Y, Datta S, Little BB, Kong M. Magnesium dietary intake and physical activity in Type 2 diabetes by gender in White, African-American and Mexican American: NHANES 2011-2014. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2021; 4:e00203. [PMID: 33532626 PMCID: PMC7831210 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To analyse the causal relationships of nutrition intake and physical activity on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stratified by gender and ethnicity. Materials and Methods An historical cohort of patients with diagnosed T2DM (n = 2831) was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 public database, including but not limited to, measurements of physical activity, nutrition, body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c. Multivariate analyses and path analyses were employed to estimate the regression coefficients and path coefficients (ρ) of causal path models of physical activity and nutrition intake on HbA1c stratified by gender and three ethnicity groups (ie non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black and Mexican American). Results A significant causal path from increased physical activity to increased magnesium (Mg) intake to decreased HbA1c was found. In addition, increased physical activity significantly decreased BMI, which further decreased HbA1c. These results varied by gender and ethnicity but were directionally consistent. Physical activity decreased HbA1c through BMI for males and through Mg intake for females. Mexican American decreased HbA1c through Mg intake, while non-Hispanic black had an increased HbA1c due to its ethnicity and through increased BMI. Conclusions The beneficial effects of physical activity on decreased HbA1c were mediated through the increased Mg intake and decreased BMI. This aligned with recent investigations of the inverse causal association of Mg intake with insulin resistance and with decreased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Global Biostatistics Science Center for Design and Analysis Amgen Inc. Thousand Oaks CA USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics School of Public Health and Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
| | - Susmita Datta
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions and College of Medicine University of Florida 2004 Mowry Rd Gainesville United States FL 32611-7450 USA
| | - Bert B Little
- Department of Health Management and Systems Sciences School of Public Health and Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics School of Public Health and Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville KY USA
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27
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Al Alawi AM, Al Badi A, Al Huraizi A, Falhammar H. Magnesium: The recent research and developments. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:193-218. [PMID: 34112353 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body, which facilitates more than 300 enzymatic reactions. Magnesium is essential for nucleic material and protein synthesis, neuromuscular conduction, cardiac contractility, energy metabolism, and immune system function. Gastrointestinal system and kidneys closely regulate magnesium absorption and elimination to maintain adequate storage of magnesium. Magnesium deficiency has been linked to many diseases and poor health outcomes. Magnesium has also been proven to be an effective therapeutic agent in many diseases, such as bronchial asthma, cardiac arrhythmia, and pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Al Alawi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman.
| | | | - Aisha Al Huraizi
- Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Henrik Falhammar
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
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28
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Exploring the genetic variability and diversity of pearl millet core collection germplasm for grain nutritional traits improvement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21177. [PMID: 33273504 PMCID: PMC7713302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving essential nutrient content in staple food crops through biofortification breeding can overcome the micronutrient malnutrition problem. Genetic improvement depends on the availability of genetic variability in the primary gene pool. This study was aimed to ascertain the magnitude of variability in a core germplasm collection of diverse origin and predict pearl millet biofortification prospects for essential micronutrients. Germplasm accessions were evaluated in field trials at ICRISAT, India. The accessions differed significantly for all micronutrients with over two-fold variation for Fe (34-90 mg kg-1), Zn (30-74 mg kg-1), and Ca (85-249 mg kg-1). High estimates of heritability (> 0.81) were observed for Fe, Zn, Ca, P, Mo, and Mg. The lower magnitude of genotype (G) × environment (E) interaction observed for most of the traits implies strong genetic control for grain nutrients. The top-10 accessions for each nutrient and 15 accessions, from five countries for multiple nutrients were identified. For Fe and Zn, 39 accessions, including 15 with multiple nutrients, exceeded the Indian cultivars and 17 of them exceeded the biofortification breeding target for Fe (72 mg kg-1). These 39 accessions were grouped into 5 clusters. Most of these nutrients were positively and significantly associated among themselves and with days to 50% flowering and 1000-grain weight (TGW) indicating the possibility of their simultaneous improvement in superior agronomic background. The identified core collection accessions rich in specific and multiple-nutrients would be useful as the key genetic resources for developing biofortified and agronomically superior cultivars.
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29
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Zhang K. Case report: Magnesium-A new therapeutic target in gestational diabetes mellitus? Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:2857-2859. [PMID: 33363837 PMCID: PMC7752491 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, physicians are not aware of a potential connection between magnesium and gestational diabetes mellitus. This case shows that magnesium supplementation can reduce maternal serum glucose, specifically the hard-to-control fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine and CardiologyCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinGermany
- Berlin Health InstituteBerlinGermany
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30
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Sarah EH, El Omri N, Ibrahimi A, El Jaoudi R. Metabolic and genetic studies of glimepiride and metformin and their association with type 2 diabetes. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cazzola R, Della Porta M, Manoni M, Iotti S, Pinotti L, Maier JA. Going to the roots of reduced magnesium dietary intake: A tradeoff between climate changes and sources. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05390. [PMID: 33204877 PMCID: PMC7649274 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is essential in plants where it is associated with chlorophyll pigments and serves as a cofactor of enzymes implicated in photosynthesis and metabolism. It is an essential nutrient for animals, involved in hundreds metabolic reaction and crucial for the biological activity of ATP. Not surprisingly, magnesium deficiency is detrimental for the health of plants and animals. In humans, subclinical magnesium deficiency is common and generates chronic inflammation, which is the common denominator of a wide range of mental and physical health problems from metabolic diseases to cognitive impairment, from osteopenia and sarcopenia to depression. It is ascertained that magnesium content in fruits and vegetables dropped in the last fifty years, and about 80% of this metal is lost during food processing. As a consequence, a large percentage of people all over the world does not meet the minimum daily magnesium requirement. In this scoping review, we summarize how agronomic and environmental factors, including global warming, affect magnesium content and availability in the soil and, consequently, in the food chain, with the aim of attracting the interest of botanists, agronomists, animal and human nutritionists and physicians to work on a strategy that grants adequate magnesium intake for everybody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Della Porta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Manoni
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Università di Bologna, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems; Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Pinotti
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeanette A. Maier
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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32
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Toi PL, Anothaisintawee T, Chaikledkaew U, Briones JR, Reutrakul S, Thakkinstian A. Preventive Role of Diet Interventions and Dietary Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Umbrella Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2722. [PMID: 32899917 PMCID: PMC7551929 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the body of evidence indicates clear benefits of dietary modifications for prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it may be difficult for healthcare providers to recommend which diet interventions or dietary factors are appropriate for patients as there are too many modalities available. Accordingly, we performed an umbrella review to synthesize evidence on diet interventions and dietary factors in prevention of T2DM. METHODS Medline and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of randomized-controlled trial or observational studies were eligible if they measured effects of diet interventions and/or dietary factors including dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on risk of T2DM. The effect of each diet intervention/factor was summarized qualitatively. RESULTS Sixty systematic reviews and meta-analyses were eligible. Results of the review suggest that healthy dietary patterns such as Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, and high consumption of whole grains, low-fat dairy products, yogurt, olive oil, chocolate, fiber, magnesium, and flavonoid significantly reduced the risk of T2DM. In contrast, high glycemic index and glycemic load diets, high consumption of red and processed meat, and sugar or artificial sugar-sweetened beverages significantly increased risk of T2DM. Prescribing diet interventions with or without physical activity interventions significantly decreased risk of T2DM in both high-risk and general population. CONCLUSION High consumption of Mediterranean and DASH diet, and interventions that modified the quality of diet intake significantly reduced risk of T2DM especially in the high-risk population. These lifestyle modifications should be promoted in both individual and population levels to prevent and decrease burden from T2DM in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung Lam Toi
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 10400, Vietnam
| | - Thunyarat Anothaisintawee
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Usa Chaikledkaew
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Social Administrative Pharmacy Division, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jamaica Roanne Briones
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 835 S Wolcott, Ste E625, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ammarin Thakkinstian
- Mahidol University Health Technology Assessment (MUHTA) Graduate Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (P.L.T.); (U.C.); (J.R.B.); (A.T.)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Pérez-García R, Jaldo MT, Puerta M, Ortega M, Corchete E, de Sequera P, Martín-Navarro JA, Albalate M, Alcázar R. La hipomagnesemia en hemodiálisis se asocia a mayor riesgo de mortalidad: su relación con el líquido de diálisis. Nefrologia 2020; 40:552-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Farsinejad-Marj M, Azadbakht L, Mardanian F, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Clinical and Metabolic Responses to Magnesium Supplementation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:349-358. [PMID: 31960275 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that magnesium supplementation might help improve metabolic profiles and clinical symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) through its role in insulin action. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of magnesium supplementation on metabolic profiles and levels of sex hormones in women with PCOS. In this parallel randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 60 women with PCOS aged 20-45 years were recruited. After stratification for body mass index (BMI), age, and types of medications, participants were randomly assigned to consume magnesium supplements (containing 250 mg magnesium oxide) or placebo for 8 weeks. To assess biochemical indicators, a venous blood sample was taken after an overnight fasting. The mean age of study participants was 26.4 years. We found that magnesium supplementation for 8 weeks among women with PCOS had favorable effects on BMI compared with the placebo group (changes from baseline in intervention group: - 0.31 ± 0.07 vs. 0.07 ± 0.09 kg/m2 in control group). In addition, the supplementation lead to preventing the increase in waist circumference in intervention group compared with the control group (0.02 vs. 1.15 cm). No significant effects on glycemic variables and lipid profile were seen following the magnesium supplementation. A significant increase in serum LH levels in intervention group and a decrease in placebo group were observed (P = 0.01). Although we found a significant decrease in serum testosterone levels in intervention and placebo groups, comparing the changes between the two groups, a marginally significant difference in serum testosterone levels was found (51.65 vs. 47.80 in intervention, 43.41 vs. 39.46 in placebo, P = 0.08). A significant increase in serum dehydroepiandrogens (DHEA) (136.32 vs. 172.37 intervention, 102.74 vs. 120.15 placebo, P = 0.01) was seen in two groups. Magnesium supplementation had no significant effects on FSH, 17OH-progesteron, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and free androgen index (FAI) levels. We found evidence indicating that magnesium supplementation did not influence serum lipid profiles and glycemic indicators among women with PCOS. Magnesium supplementation resulted in reduced BMI and testosterone levels as well as increased DHEA concentrations in women with PCOS. Also, magnesium supplementation may increase serum LH levels. ClinicalTrials.gov IRCT registration no. NCT02178150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farsinejad-Marj
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Mardanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 81745-151, Isfahan, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular - Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Interactions of Habitual Coffee Consumption by Genetic Polymorphisms with the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Combined. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082228. [PMID: 32722627 PMCID: PMC7468962 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Habitual coffee consumption and its association with health outcomes may be modified by genetic variation. Adults aged 40 to 69 years who participated in the Korea Association Resource (KARE) study were included in this study. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on coffee consumption in 7868 Korean adults, and examined whether the association between coffee consumption and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes combined was modified by the genetic variations in 4054 adults. In the GWAS for coffee consumption, a total of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 12q24.11-13 (rs2074356, rs11066015, rs12229654, rs11065828, and rs79105258) were selected and used to calculate weighted genetic risk scores. Individuals who had a larger number of minor alleles for these five SNPs had higher genetic risk scores. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to examine the association. During the 12 years of follow-up, a total of 2468 (60.9%) and 480 (11.8%) participants were diagnosed as prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, respectively. Compared with non-black-coffee consumers, the OR (95% CI) for ≥2 cups/day by black-coffee consumers was 0.61 (0.38–0.95; p for trend = 0.023). Similarly, sugared coffee showed an inverse association. We found a potential interaction by the genetic variations related to black-coffee consumption, suggesting a stronger association among individuals with higher genetic risk scores compared to those with lower scores; the ORs (95% CIs) were 0.36 (0.15–0.88) for individuals with 5 to 10 points and 0.87 (0.46–1.66) for those with 0 points. Our study suggests that habitual coffee consumption was related to genetic polymorphisms and modified the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes combined in a sample of the Korean population. The mechanisms between coffee-related genetic variation and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes combined warrant further investigation.
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El‐Sayed SM, Salama HH, El‐Sayed MM. Function processed cheese sauce fortified with peanut butter. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba H. Salama
- Dairy Science Department National Research Centre Giza Egypt
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Wu C, Liu P, Yuan Z. Fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in Chinese women: results from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:208-218. [PMID: 32552185 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1780567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the associations between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and the risk of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (T2D). It is a cross-sectional study that involved 6802 participants aged 18-65 years. Dietary intake and other variables were assessed by questionnaires. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2D was ascertained by self-report and analyses of fasting blood samples. In the multiple logistic regression models, FV intake was negatively associated the risk of T2D in women (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.71), whereas no such association was observed in men (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.47). Furthermore, FV consumption was inversely associated with prediabetes risk in men and women. Results suggested that higher intake of FV was associated with a decreased risk of T2D or prediabetes in Chinese women and a reduced risk of prediabetes in men only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingping Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanpeng Yuan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Wuhan, China
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Soliman R, Nofal H. The effect of perioperative magnesium sulfate on blood sugar in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing cardiac surgery: A double-blinded randomized study. Ann Card Anaesth 2020; 22:151-157. [PMID: 30971596 PMCID: PMC6489401 DOI: 10.4103/aca.aca_32_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the perioperative effect of magnesium infusion on blood sugar level in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing cardiac surgery. Design This was a double-blind randomized study. Setting The study was conducted at cardiac center. Patients The study included 122 adult patients. Intervention Group M - The patients received a continuous infusion of magnesium sulfate (without a loading dose) at 15 mg/kg/h. The infusion rate was started 20 min before induction maintained during surgery and the first postoperative 24 h. The medication was prepared by adding 5 g magnesium sulfate in 50 ml syringe. Group C - The patients received equal amount of normal saline. Measurements The monitors included heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, urine output, blood levels of magnesium, sugar, and potassium. Results The blood sugar level and the required insulin significantly decreased with Group M than Group C (P < 0.05). There were minimal changes in the potassium level in Group M, but potassium decreased in patients of Group C (P < 0.05). The amount of urine output was too much higher in Group M than Group C (P < 0.05). The pharmacological and mechanical support significantly decreased with Group M than Group C (P < 0.05). The hospital and Intensive Care Unit length of stay significantly decreased with Group M than Group C (P < 0.05). Conclusion The magnesium sulfate produced a better-controlled effect on the blood sugar level. It decreased the requirement of insulin infusion and minimized the changes in the blood level of potassium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabie Soliman
- Department of Anesthesia, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Cardiac Center, Aldar Hospital, Almadinah Almonwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Nofal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cardiac Center, Aldar Hospital, Almadinah Almonwarah, Saudi Arabia; National Heart Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Zhao B, Deng H, Li B, Chen L, Zou F, Hu L, Wei Y, Zhang W. Association of magnesium consumption with type 2 diabetes and glucose metabolism: A systematic review and pooled study with trial sequential analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3243. [PMID: 31758631 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) with diet or diet supplementation is challenging. This article aims to draw conclusive associations between magnesium intake and T2D incidence and evaluate the effect of magnesium supplementation on glucose metabolism. Databases were searched for related articles from inception to May 15, 2019. Prospective cohort studies investigating the relevant relationship as well as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of magnesium supplementation were eligible. We conducted trial sequential analysis (TSA) to prove the sufficiency of the current evidence. Twenty-six publications involving 35 cohorts were included in the analysis. Compared to the lowest magnesium intake, the highest level was associated with a 22% lower risk for T2D; the risk was reduced by 6% for each 100 mg increment in daily magnesium intake. Additional analysis of 26 RCTs (1168 participants) was performed, revealing that magnesium supplementation significantly reduced the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level (SMD, -0.32 [95% CI, -0.59 to -0.05], 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (2-h OGTT) result (SMD, -0.30 [-0.58 to -0.02]), fasting insulin level (SMD, -0.17 [-0.30 to -0.04]), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score (SMD, -0.41 [-0.71 to -0.11]), triglyceride (TG) level, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). TSA showed an inverse association, with most benefits of magnesium supplementation on glucose metabolism being stable. In conclusion, magnesium intake has an inverse dose-response association with T2D incidence, and supplementation appears to be advisable in terms of glucose parameters in T2D/high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Rodrigues AK, Melo AE, Domingueti CP. Association between reduced serum levels of magnesium and the presence of poor glycemic control and complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:127-134. [PMID: 32088645 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between reduced serum magnesium levels and poor glycemic control and/or complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The articles were selected using the Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases. Eligibility criteria were cross-sectional, cohort or case-control observational studies that assessed the association between reduced magnesium levels and poor glycemic control and/or complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Nine articles were included in the systematic review and two in the meta-analysis, all articles being cross-sectional. Among the seven studies that were designed to evaluate glycemic control, five showed an association between reduced levels of magnesium and poor glycemic control, and these findings were corroborated by the meta-analysis. Among the two studies in which dyslipidemia was evaluated, both showed higher levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol in patients with lower levels of magnesium as compared to those with higher magnesium levels. The three studies that evaluated diabetes kidney disease and the two studies that evaluated diabetic retinopathy found divergent results. CONCLUSION There is an association between reduced levels of magnesium and poor glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, however, this needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kelen Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Melo
- Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
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Bhatti GK, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Lifestyle Modifications and Nutritional Interventions in Aging-Associated Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 11:369. [PMID: 31998117 PMCID: PMC6966236 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of incurable neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ; plaques) and tau hyperphosphorylation as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain followed by neuronal death, cognitive decline, and memory loss. The high prevalence of AD in the developed world has become a major public health challenge associated with social and economic burdens on individuals and society. Due to there being limited options for early diagnosis and determining the exact pathophysiology of AD, finding effective therapeutic strategies has become a great challenge. Several possible risk factors associated with AD pathology have been identified; however, their roles are still inconclusive. Recent clinical trials of the drugs targeting Aβ and tau have failed to find a cure for the AD pathology. Therefore, effective preventive strategies should be followed to reduce the exponential increase in the prevalence of cognitive decline and dementia, especially AD. Although the search for new therapeutic targets is a great challenge for the scientific community, the roles of lifestyle interventions and nutraceuticals in the prevention of many metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases are highly appreciated in the literature. In this article, we summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in AD pathology and the possible ameliorative action of lifestyle and nutritional interventions including diet, exercise, Calorie restriction (CR), and various bioactive compounds on cognitive decline and dementia. This article will provide insights into the role of non-pharmacologic interventions in the modulation of AD pathology, which may offer the benefit of improving quality of life by reducing cognitive decline and incident AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Arubala P. Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Department, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Nuts are fruits composed of two parts: an inedible hard shell and an edible seed. Nuts are known as an energy-dense and nutrient-rich food source. In general, nuts are recognized as a good source of fat, fiber, and protein. Nuts are extremely beneficial parts of any diet since their consumption may lower risk for some diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. They are acknowledged for their low glycemic index owning to high unsaturated fat and protein content and relatively low carbohydrate content. They have been shown to increase cognitive function as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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Głąbska D, Wojtas M, Guzek D. Development and validation of the semi-quantitative brief food frequency questionnaire to assess the magnesium intake in young women. Nutr Diet 2019; 77:274-282. [PMID: 31793188 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to develop and validate the semi-quantitative brief food frequency questionnaire to assess the magnesium intake (Mg-FFQ). METHODS The developed questionnaire consists of 39 questions and it was validated in a group of 75 women aged 20-30. The validity was assessed with reference to the 3-day dietary record and the reproducibility was assessed for a period of 6 weeks. RESULTS The Bland-Altman index for the assessment of validity was 6.7% and for reproducibility-8.0%, while the kappa statistic indicated a slight and substantial agreement, respectively. The high reproducibility was confirmed by a high share of respondents correctly classified into tertiles (73.3%) and correctly classified into categories of adequate/inadequate intake (85.3%). CONCLUSION For the developed and validated Mg-FFQ, a high reproducibility, accompanied by a satisfactory validity, was confirmed, so it may be used to assess the magnesium intake in the epidemiological studies in young Polish women aged 20-30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wojtas
- Chair of Dietetics, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Chair of Consumption Research, Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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Yan S, Li M, Ma X, Jiang S, Sun M, Wang C, Pan Y, Sun C, Yao Y, Jin L, Li B. Association of multiple mineral and vitamin B group intake with blood glucose using quantile regression analysis: NHANES 2007-2014. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:3560. [PMID: 31983911 PMCID: PMC6958618 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycaemia and diabetes have become major public health problems worldwide. There is increasing evidence that minerals and the vitamin B group might play specific roles in hyperglycaemia and the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes or metabolic complications. Objectives The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mineral and vitamin B group supplementation on the blood glucose levels of different populations. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014 were used in this study. A total of 8,322 participants (4,169 men and 4,153 women) were included in the study. Quantile regression (QR) was performed to identify the influence of mineral and vitamin B group intake on the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in individuals in different quantiles of FPG. Results After adjusting for age, income, education, race, smoking, and alcohol consumption, FPG had a negative association with folic acid in individuals with normal or high FPG, with calcium in individuals with normal FPG, and with magnesium in males. FPG was negatively associated with folic acid and calcium in individuals with normal FPG, and magnesium in most of the quantiles for females. Discussion Hyperglycaemia and diabetes are currently becoming popular research topics. However, little is known about how the whole continuum of blood glucose is associated with commonly researched nutrient supplementation in terms of hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Conclusions The intake of calcium, folic acid and magnesium was negatively associated with blood glucose levels in individuals in different quantiles of FPG. Appropriate prevention and treatment strategies should be developed for people with different blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Changcong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yingan Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lina Jin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Kambunga SN, Candeias C, Hasheela I, Mouri H. Review of the nature of some geophagic materials and their potential health effects on pregnant women: some examples from Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2949-2975. [PMID: 30977022 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The voluntary human consumption of soil known as geophagy is a global practice and deep-rooted in many African cultures. The nature of geophagic material varies widely from the types to the composition. Generally, clay and termite mound soils are the main materials consumed by geophagists. Several studies revealed that gestating women across the world consume more soil than other groups for numerous motives. These motivations are related to medicinal, cultural and nutrients supplementation. Although geophagy in pregnancy (GiP) is a universal dynamic habit, the highest prevalence has been reported in African countries such as Kenya, Ghana, Rwanda, Nigeria, Tanzania, and South Africa. Geophagy can be both beneficial and detrimental. Its health effects depend on the amount and composition of the ingested soils, which is subjective to the geology and soil formation processes. In most cases, the negative health effects concomitant with the practice of geophagy eclipse the positive effects. Therefore, knowledge about the nature of geophagic material and the health effects that might arise from their consumption is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma N Kambunga
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Carla Candeias
- GeoBioTec, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- EpiUnit, Public Health Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Israel Hasheela
- Environmental and Engineering Geology Division, Geological Survey of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Hassina Mouri
- Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Mikalsen SM, Bjørke-Monsen AL, Whist JE, Aaseth J. Improved Magnesium Levels in Morbidly Obese Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients After Modest Weight Loss. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:45-51. [PMID: 29705834 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serum magnesium (Mg) is reported to be reduced in individuals with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus and has been suggested as a marker for metabolic syndrome. We have studied changes in serum Mg concentrations in a group of obese patients (n = 92) with and without diabetes mellitus after weight loss induced by dieting and bariatric surgery. At inclusion, 11% (10/92) of the population had severe Mg deficiency (< 0.75 mmol/L) and median serum Mg was lower in diabetic (n = 20) compared to non-diabetic (n = 72) patients (p = 0.002). A weight loss of 10 kg after 8 weeks of lifestyle interventions was accompanied by increased serum Mg of about 5% in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Serum Mg remained stable thereafter in the non-diabetic patients, while it continued to increase in the diabetic patients after bariatric surgery. Six months after bariatric surgery, there was no significant difference in serum Mg concentration between the groups (p = 0.08). The optimal range of circulating Mg concentration is not known, but as even small increments in serum Mg are reported to lower the risk of cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease, our results are interesting in a public health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Lise Bjørke-Monsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Elling Whist
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Asadi M, Shahzeidi M, Nadjarzadeh A, Hashemi Yusefabad H, Mansoori A. The relationship between pre-pregnancy dietary patterns adherence and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Iran: A case-control study. Nutr Diet 2019; 76:597-603. [PMID: 30729640 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to investigate major dietary patterns and their association with risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Yazd city located in Iran. METHODS This case-control designed study was conducted at six healthcare centres. Two hundred and seventy-eight pregnant women who referred for GDM screening participated. Dietary assessment was carried out by using a 67-item validated food frequency questionnaire to evaluate dietary history of participants during the last year. Principal component analysis was used to identify major food patterns. Multivariable logistic regression model was employed to identify the association between dietary patterns and risk of GDM. RESULTS Two major dietary patterns were detected. The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grain products, fast foods, salty snacks, sweets and biscuit, mayonnaise and saturated oils, while the prudent dietary pattern was associated with higher intakes of fruits, low-fat dairy, potato, egg, fish, poultry, nuts, organs meat and red meat. Furthermore, prudent dietary pattern was negatively associated with GDM risk (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.44-0.99). However, there was no significant association between adherence of the Western dietary pattern and risk of GDM. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy adherence of the prudent dietary pattern was significantly associated with reduced risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maedeh Shahzeidi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azadeh Nadjarzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Larsson SC, Traylor M, Burgess S, Boncoraglio GB, Jern C, Michaëlsson K, Markus HS. Serum magnesium and calcium levels in relation to ischemic stroke: Mendelian randomization study. Neurology 2019; 92:e944-e950. [PMID: 30804065 PMCID: PMC6404465 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether serum magnesium and calcium concentrations are causally associated with ischemic stroke or any of its subtypes using the mendelian randomization approach. Methods Analyses were conducted using summary statistics data for 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with serum magnesium (n = 6) or serum calcium (n = 7) concentrations. The corresponding data for ischemic stroke were obtained from the MEGASTROKE consortium (34,217 cases and 404,630 noncases). Results In standard mendelian randomization analysis, the odds ratios for each 0.1 mmol/L (about 1 SD) increase in genetically predicted serum magnesium concentrations were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69–0.89; p = 1.3 × 10−4) for all ischemic stroke, 0.63 (95% CI 0.50–0.80; p = 1.6 × 10−4) for cardioembolic stroke, and 0.60 (95% CI 0.44–0.82; p = 0.001) for large artery stroke; there was no association with small vessel stroke (odds ratio 0.90, 95% CI 0.67–1.20; p = 0.46). Only the association with cardioembolic stroke was robust in sensitivity analyses. There was no association of genetically predicted serum calcium concentrations with all ischemic stroke (per 0.5 mg/dL [about 1 SD] increase in serum calcium: odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.88–1.21) or with any subtype. Conclusions This study found that genetically higher serum magnesium concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of cardioembolic stroke but found no significant association of genetically higher serum calcium concentrations with any ischemic stroke subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna C Larsson
- From the Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology (S.C.L.), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.T., H.S.M.), MRC Biostatistics Unit (S.B.), and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases (G.B.B.), Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics (C.J.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; and Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, Sweden.
| | - Matthew Traylor
- From the Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology (S.C.L.), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.T., H.S.M.), MRC Biostatistics Unit (S.B.), and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases (G.B.B.), Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics (C.J.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; and Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Stephen Burgess
- From the Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology (S.C.L.), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.T., H.S.M.), MRC Biostatistics Unit (S.B.), and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases (G.B.B.), Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics (C.J.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; and Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Giorgio B Boncoraglio
- From the Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology (S.C.L.), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.T., H.S.M.), MRC Biostatistics Unit (S.B.), and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases (G.B.B.), Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics (C.J.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; and Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- From the Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology (S.C.L.), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.T., H.S.M.), MRC Biostatistics Unit (S.B.), and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases (G.B.B.), Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics (C.J.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; and Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- From the Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology (S.C.L.), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.T., H.S.M.), MRC Biostatistics Unit (S.B.), and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases (G.B.B.), Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics (C.J.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; and Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Hugh S Markus
- From the Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology (S.C.L.), Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.T., H.S.M.), MRC Biostatistics Unit (S.B.), and Department of Public Health and Primary Care (S.B.), University of Cambridge, UK; Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases (G.B.B.), Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy; Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics (C.J.), Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; and Department of Surgical Sciences (K.M.), Uppsala University, Sweden
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Sobczak AIS, Stefanowicz F, Pitt SJ, Ajjan RA, Stewart AJ. Total plasma magnesium, zinc, copper and selenium concentrations in type-I and type-II diabetes. Biometals 2019; 32:123-138. [PMID: 30671675 PMCID: PMC7004817 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-00167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycemia and insulin resistance are important regulators of multiple physiological processes and their dysregulation has wide-ranging consequences, including alterations in plasma concentrations of metal micronutrients. Here, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium and glycated albumin (HbA1c) concentrations and quartile differences were examined in 45 subjects with type-I diabetes (T1DM), 54 subjects with type-II diabetes (T2DM) and 62 control subjects in order to assess potential differences between sexes and between T1DM and T2DM. Plasma magnesium concentration was decreased in T1DM subjects, with the second, third and fourth quartiles of magnesium concentrations associated with the absence of T1DM. This effect was observed in females but not males. In T2DM, the highest quartile of selenium concentrations and the third quartile of copper concentrations associated with the absence of diabetes in males. The highest quartile of magnesium concentrations was associated with the absence of T2DM in males but not females. HbA1c correlated with plasma concentrations of magnesium (negatively, in both sexes together in T1DM and T1DM males), copper (positively, in T1DM males and in both sexes together in T2DM), selenium (positively, in both sexes together in T1DM and T2DM, and T2DM females) and with zinc/copper ratio (negatively, in both sexes together in T1DM and T2DM). This study shows that plasma magnesium concentration is altered to the highest degree in T1DM, while in T2DM, plasma selenium and copper concentrations are significantly affected. This work increases our understanding of how T1DM and T2DM affects plasma metal concentrations and may have future implications for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie I S Sobczak
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Fiona Stefanowicz
- Scottish Trace Element and Micronutrient Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Samantha J Pitt
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - Ramzi A Ajjan
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TF, UK.
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50
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Serita T, Miyahara M, Tanimizu T, Takahashi S, Oishi S, Nagayoshi T, Tsuji R, Inoue H, Uehara M, Kida S. Dietary magnesium deficiency impairs hippocampus-dependent memories without changes in the spine density and morphology of hippocampal neurons in mice. Brain Res Bull 2019; 144:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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