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Yamanaka K, Kakuta Y, Nakazawa S, Kobayashi K, Nonomura N, Kageyama S. Surgical and Infectious Complications Following Kidney Transplantation: A Contemporary Review. J Clin Med 2025; 14:3307. [PMID: 40429301 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14103307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 05/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation significantly improves outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease; however, postoperative complications remain a substantial concern. This review summarizes the incidence, risk factors, and management strategies for common complications after kidney transplantation. Reported incidence varies widely due to differences in definitions, diagnostic methods, and study designs. Ureteral stenosis occurs in 2.8-18.0% of recipients, vesicoureteral reflux in 0.5-86%, and urinary leakage in 1.1-7.2%. Lymphatic complications, including lymphocele and lymphorrhea, range from 0.6% to 35.2%, with one-third of complications requiring intervention. The incidence of urinary tract infections ranges from 20 to 43%, while asymptomatic bacteriuria is reported in up to 53% of recipients. Surgical site infections have a median incidence of 3.7%, and incisional hernias develop in 2.5-10% of cases, depending on follow-up duration. Vascular complications affect approximately 10% of recipients, with renal artery stenosis and thrombosis being the most prevalent. Neurologic complications, such as femoral nerve palsy and immunosuppression-related neurotoxicity, though less frequent, can impair recovery. Management strategies vary depending on severity, ranging from observation to surgical intervention. Preventive measures-including optimized ureteral stenting protocols, early catheter removal, careful immunosuppression, and appropriate antimicrobial use-play a crucial role in reducing complication risk. Despite advances in transplantation techniques and perioperative care, these complications continue to affect graft survival and patient outcomes. Further research is needed to standardize definitions and establish evidence-based protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Yamanaka
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kakuta
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Nakazawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Susumu Kageyama
- Department of Urology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu 520-2192, Japan
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2
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Lendermon EA, Hage CA. Pulmonary Immunocompromise in Solid Organ Transplantation. Clin Chest Med 2025; 46:149-158. [PMID: 39890285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2025]
Abstract
This article reviews the multitude of factors contributing to immune dysfunction and pulmonary infection risk in solid organ transplant recipients and references relevant clinical scientific reports. The mechanisms of action of individual immunosuppressive agents are explained, and the clinical effects of these drugs are compared. In addition, specialized methods to assess the net state of immunosuppression in individual transplant recipients and their limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lendermon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue, MUH NW 628, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Chadi A Hage
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3459 Fifth Avenue, MUH NW 628, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Lung Transplant, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite C-901, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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3
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Kiani AZ, Hill AL, Vachharajani N, Davidson J, Progar K, Olumba F, Yu J, Cullinan D, Martens G, Lin Y, Chapman WC, Doyle MB, Wellen JR, Khan AS. Robotic kidney transplant has superior outcomes compared to open kidney transplant: results of a propensity match analysis. Surg Endosc 2025; 39:448-458. [PMID: 39368003 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-11301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of robotic kidney transplant (RKT) as a safe alternative to open kidney transplant (OKT). However, significant selection bias in RKT patient selection limits meaningful comparison between the two techniques. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective review of a prospectively maintained kidney transplant database (2021-2024). Outcomes after the first 50 "non-selected" RKTs are compared with a contemporary cohort of 100 OKTs after propensity score matching for age, gender, BMI and type of donation (living vs deceased). Data pertinent to recipient demographics, intraoperative parameters, and short-term post-operative outcomes were collected and compared. RESULTS Both groups were well-matched for recipient age, gender, BMI, and donation type. RKT group had significantly longer total operative time (RKT 258 min vs. OKT 183 min; p < 0.0001) and warm ischemia time (RKT 37 min vs. OKT 31 min; p < 0.0001) but significantly less blood loss (OKT 155 ml vs. RKT 93 ml). Average length of hospital stay for both groups was 5 days, with OKT group demonstrating significantly higher rates of post-operative complications (OKT 31% vs. RKT 14%; p = 0.028), return to OR (OKT 15% vs. RKT 2%; p = 0.021), hematoma (OKT 13% vs. RKT 2%; p = 0.0355), and lymphocele (OKT 25% vs. RKT 6%; p = 0.0039). OKT group also had higher 30-day readmission rate (OKT 31% vs. RKT 14%) and post-operative opioid requirement (OKT 93 MME vs. RKT 65; p = 0.0254). There were no differences in rates of wound infection, urine leaks, delayed graft function, acute rejection, graft loss, and patient death between the two groups. CONCLUSION RKT is a safe and viable alternative to OKT as a first-choice procedure for all patients with ESRD. RKT offers many advantages over OKT which can lead to its wider adoption in the coming years as the new standard of care for ESRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amen Z Kiani
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Angela L Hill
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Neeta Vachharajani
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jesse Davidson
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kristin Progar
- Department of Pharmacy, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Franklin Olumba
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Yu
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Darren Cullinan
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gregory Martens
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yiing Lin
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William C Chapman
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Majella B Doyle
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason R Wellen
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adeel S Khan
- Section of Abdominal Transplant, Department of General Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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4
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Long JJ, Sahi SS, Lemke AI, Na J, Garcia Valencia OA, Budhiraja P, Wadei HM, Sudhindran V, Benzo R, Clark MM, Shah M, Fipps D, Navratil P, Abdelrheem AA, Shaik AA, Duffy DJ, Pencovich N, Shah P, Kudva YC, Kukla A, Diwan TS. The Use of Semaglutide in Patients With Renal Failure-A Retrospective Cohort Study. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:963-969. [PMID: 39025300 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist is approved for weight loss and diabetes treatment, but limited literature exists regarding semaglutide use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, this project assessed the safety and efficacy of semaglutide among patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15-29 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 4), eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 5) or on dialysis. METHODS This is a retrospective electronic medical record based analysis of consecutive patients with advanced CKD (defined as CKD 4 or greater) who were started on semaglutide (injectable or oral). Data was collected between January 2018 and January 2023. Investigators verified CKD diagnosis and manually extracted data. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, paired t test, linear mixed effects models and Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS Seventy-six patients with CKD 4 or greater who initiated semaglutide were included. Most patients had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (96.0%), and most were males (53.9%). The mean age was 66.8 y (SD 11.5) with the mean body mass index was 36.2 (SD 7.5). The initial doses were 3 mg orally and 0.25 mg by injection. Maximum prescribed dose was 1 mg (injectable) in 28 (45.2%) patients and 14 mg (orally) in 2 (14.2%) patients. Patients received semaglutide for a median duration of 17.4 (IQR 0.43, 48.8) months. Forty-eight (63.1%) patients reported no adverse effects associated with the therapy. Mean weight decreased from 106.2 (SD 24.2) to 101.3 (SD 27.3) kg (P < .001). Eight patients (16%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM discontinued insulin after starting semaglutide. Mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased from 8.0% (SD 1.7) to 7.1% (SD 1.3) (P < .001). Adverse effects were the primary reason for semaglutide discontinuation (37.0%), with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain being the most common complaints. CONCLUSIONS Based on this retrospective study semaglutide appears to be tolerated by most individuals with CKD 4 or greater despite associated gastrointestinal side effects similar to those observed in patients with better kidney function and leads to an improvement of glycemic control and insulin discontinuation in patients with T2DM. Modest weight loss (approximately 4.6% of the total body weight) was observed on the prescribed doses. Larger prospective randomized studies are needed to comprehensively assess the risks and benefits of semaglutide in patients with CKD 4 or greater and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane J Long
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sukhdeep S Sahi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adley I Lemke
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jie Na
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Oscar A Garcia Valencia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pooja Budhiraja
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Arizona
| | - Hani M Wadei
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Roberto Benzo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew M Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Meera Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David Fipps
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pavel Navratil
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Urology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia; Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czechia
| | | | - Afsana A Shaik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dustin J Duffy
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Niv Pencovich
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pankaj Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yogish C Kudva
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksandra Kukla
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tayyab S Diwan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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5
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Higgins MS, Ismail S, Chen M, Agala CB, Detwiler R, Farrell TM, Hodges MM. Evaluating the safety of bariatric surgery as a bridge to kidney transplant: a retrospective cohort study. Surg Endosc 2024; 38:5980-5991. [PMID: 39085668 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-024-11087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery has been proven safe in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD); however, few studies have evaluated whether a history of bariatric surgery impacts transplant-specific outcomes. We hypothesize that a history of bariatric surgery at the time of transplant does not adversely impact transplant-specific outcomes. METHODS The IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database was queried for patients with a history of kidney transplant between 2000 and 2021. Patients were stratified into three groups based on bariatric surgery status and body mass index (BMI) at the time of transplant: patients with obesity (O), patients without obesity (NO), and patients with a history of bariatric surgery (BS). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to control for confounding. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) describing the risk of transplant-specific and postoperative outcomes were estimated using weighted Kaplan-Meier curves. Primary outcomes included 30-day and 1-year risk of transplant-specific outcomes. Secondary outcomes included 30-day and 1-year postoperative complications and 30-day and 1-year risk of wound-related complications. RESULTS We identified 14,806 patients; 128 in the BS group, 1572 in the O group, and 13,106 in the NO group. There was no difference in 30-day or 1-year risk of transplant-specific complications between the BS and NO group or the O and NO group. Patients with obesity (O) were more likely to experience wound infection (aHR 1.49, 95% CI 1.12-1.99), wound dehiscence (aHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.5-3.2), and minor reoperation (aHR 1.52, 95% CI 1.23-1.89) at 1 year. BS patients had increased risk of wound infection at 1 year (aHR 2.79, 95% CI 1.26-6.16), but were without increase in risk of minor or major reoperation. CONCLUSION A history of bariatric surgery does not adversely affect transplant-specific outcomes after kidney transplant. Bariatric surgery can be safely utilized to improve the transplant candidacy of patients with obesity with CKD and ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S Higgins
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Sherin Ismail
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Melissa Chen
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Chris B Agala
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Randal Detwiler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Timothy M Farrell
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Maggie M Hodges
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Burnett Womack Bldg, Suite 4034, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7081, USA.
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6
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Martinez EJ, Pham PH, Wang JF, Stalter LN, Welch BM, Leverson G, Marka N, Al-Qaoud T, Mandelbrot D, Parajuli S, Sollinger HW, Kaufman DB, Redfield RR, Odorico JS. Analysis of Rejection, Infection and Surgical Outcomes in Type I Versus Type II Diabetic Recipients After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation. Transpl Int 2024; 37:13087. [PMID: 39364120 PMCID: PMC11446817 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Given the increasing frequency of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants performed in recipients with Type II diabetes and CKD, we sought to evaluate possible differences in the rates of allograft rejection, infection, and surgical complications in 298 Type I (T1D) versus 47 Type II (T2D) diabetic recipients of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants between 2006-2017. There were no significant differences in patient or graft survival. The risk of biopsy-proven rejection of both grafts was not significantly different between T2D and T1D recipients (HRpancreas = 1.04, p = 0.93; HRkidney = 0.96; p = 0.93). Rejection-free survival in both grafts were also not different between the two diabetes types (ppancreas = 0.57; pkidney = 0.41). T2D had a significantly lower incidence of de novo DSA at 1 year (21% vs. 39%, p = 0.02). There was no difference in T2D vs. T1D recipients regarding readmissions (HR = 0.77, p = 0.25), infections (HR = 0.77, p = 0.18), major surgical complications (HR = 0.89, p = 0.79) and thrombosis (HR = 0.92, p = 0.90). In conclusion, rejection, infections, and surgical complications after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant are not statistically significantly different in T2D compared to T1D recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Martinez
- Anette C and Harold C Simmons Transplant Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Phuoc H. Pham
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jesse F. Wang
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Lily N. Stalter
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Bridget M. Welch
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Glen Leverson
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nicholas Marka
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Talal Al-Qaoud
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Didier Mandelbrot
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sandesh Parajuli
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hans W. Sollinger
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dixon B. Kaufman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert R. Redfield
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jon Scott Odorico
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Basile G, Pecoraro A, Gallioli A, Territo A, Berquin C, Robalino J, Bravo A, Huguet J, Rodriguez-Faba Ó, Gavrilov P, Facundo C, Guirado L, Gaya JM, Palou J, Breda A. Robotic kidney transplantation. Nat Rev Urol 2024; 21:521-533. [PMID: 38480898 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease owing to improved survival and quality of life compared with dialysis. The surgical approach to kidney transplantation has been somewhat stagnant in the past 50 years, with the open approach being the only available option. In this scenario, evidence of reduced surgery-related morbidity after the introduction of robotics into several surgical fields has induced surgeons to consider robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) as an alternative approach to these fragile and immunocompromised patients. Since 2014, when the RAKT technique was standardized thanks to the pioneering collaboration between the Vattikuti Urology Institute and the Medanta hospital (Vattikuti Urology Institute-Medanta), several centres worldwide implemented RAKT programmes, providing interesting results regarding the safety and feasibility of this procedure. However, RAKT is still considered an alternative procedure to be offered mainly in the living donor setting, owing to various possible drawbacks such as prolonged rewarming time, demanding learning curve, and difficulties in carrying out this procedure in challenging scenarios (such as patients with obesity, severe atherosclerosis of the iliac vessels, deceased donor setting, or paediatric recipients). Nevertheless, the refinement of robotic platforms through the implementation of novel technologies as well as the encouraging results from multicentre collaborations under the umbrella of the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section are currently expanding the boundaries of RAKT, making this surgical procedure a real alternative to the open approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Basile
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Pecoraro
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Gallioli
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelo Territo
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camille Berquin
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ghent, Belgium, ERN eUROGEN accredited centre, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge Robalino
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Huguet
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Rodriguez-Faba
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pavel Gavrilov
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Facundo
- Department of Nephrology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Guirado
- Department of Nephrology, Fundaciò Puigvert, Autonoma University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Gaya
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Palou
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Breda
- Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Kanbay M, Guldan M, Ozbek L, Copur S, Covic AS, Covic A. Exploring the nexus: The place of kidney diseases within the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome spectrum. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 127:1-14. [PMID: 39030148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are two significant comorbidities affecting a large proportion of the general population with considerable crosstalk. In addition to substantial co-incidence of CKD and CKM syndrome in epidemiological studies, clinical and pre-clinical studies have identified similar pathophysiological pathways leading to both entities. Patients with CKM syndrome are more prone to develop acute kidney injury and CKD, while therapeutic alternatives and their success rates are considerably lower in such patient groups. Nevertheless, the association between CKM syndrome and CKD or ESKD is bidirectional rather than being a cause-effect relationship as patients with CKD are also prone to develop peripheral insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, such patients are less likely to receive kidney transplantation in addition to the higher allograft dysfunction risk. We hereby aim to evaluate the association in-between kidney diseases and CKM syndrome, including epidemiological data, pre-clinical studies with pathophysiological pathways, and potential therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Guldan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Adrian Covic
- University of Medicine "Grigore T Popa" Iasi, Romania
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9
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Marzorati S, Iovino D, Inversini D, Iori V, Parise C, Masci F, Liepa L, Oltolina M, Zani E, Franchi C, Morabito M, Gritti M, Di Bella C, Bisogno S, Mangano A, Tozzi M, Carcano G, Ietto G. Open Renal Transplantation in Obese Patients: A Correlation Study between BMI and Early and Late Complications with Implementation of a Prognostic Risk Score. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:915. [PMID: 39063668 PMCID: PMC11278128 DOI: 10.3390/life14070915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic that affects millions worldwide and can be a deterrent to surgical procedures in the population waiting for kidney transplantation. However, the literature on the topic is controversial. This study evaluates the impact of body mass index (BMI) on complications after renal transplantation, and identifies factors associated with major complications to develop a prognostic risk score. METHODS A correlation analysis between BMI and early and late complications was first performed, followed by a univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The 302 included patients were divided into obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2) groups. Correlation analysis showed that delayed graft function (DGF) was the only obesity-associated complication (p = 0.044). Logistic regression analysis identified female sex, age ≥ 57 years, BMI ≥ 25 and ≥30 kg/m2, previous abdominal and/or urinary system surgery, and Charlson morbidity Score ≥ 3 as risk factors for significant complications. Based on the analyzed data, we developed a nomogram and a prognostic risk score. RESULTS The model's area (AUC) was 0.6457 (95% IC: 0.57; 0.72). The percentage of cases correctly identified by this model retrospectively applied to the entire cohort was 73.61%. CONCLUSIONS A high BMI seems to be associated with an increased risk of DGF, but it does not appear to be a risk factor for other complications. Using an easy-to-use model, identification, and stratification of individualized risk factors could help to identify the need for interventions and, thus, improve patient eligibility and transplant outcomes. This could also contribute to maintaining an approach with high ethical standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marzorati
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Domenico Iovino
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide Inversini
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Iori
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Cristiano Parise
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Federica Masci
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Linda Liepa
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Mauro Oltolina
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Elia Zani
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Caterina Franchi
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Marika Morabito
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Mattia Gritti
- Department of General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Caterina Di Bella
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Silvia Bisogno
- Department of Cardiologic Intensive Care, Hemodynamics and Cardiology, S.M. Goretti Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Alberto Mangano
- Division of General, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Matteo Tozzi
- Vascular Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giulio Carcano
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ietto
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy; (S.M.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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10
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Spaggiari M, Martinino A, Petrochenkov E, Bencini G, Zhang JC, Cardoso VR, Akshelyan S, Di Cocco P, Almario-Alvarez J, Tzvetanov I, Benedetti E. Single-center retrospective assessment of robotic-assisted simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants: Exploring clinical utility. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:1035-1045. [PMID: 38158189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The diabetic population is witnessing a rise in obesity rates, creating specific hurdles for individuals seeking pancreas transplantation because they are frequently disqualified due to their elevated body weight. Introducing a robotic-assisted approach to transplantation has been proven to yield improved outcomes, particularly in patients with obesity. A retrospective analysis was conducted between January 2015 and September 2023. The study included a total of 140 patients, with 16 receiving robotic-assisted simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (RSPK) and 124 undergoing open approach simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (OSPK) during the study period. The median age was 45 (36.8-52.7) and 44.5 years (36.8-51.8) (RSPK vs OSPK, P = .487). There were no significant differences in demographics except body mass index (RSPK vs OSPK, 34.9 vs 28.1, P < .001) and a higher percentage of patients with high cardiac risk in the RSPK group. The robotic approach has a lengthier overall operative time and warm ischemia time. Surgical and nonsurgical complications at 30-days and 1-year grafts and patient survival (93.8% vs 96.8%, RSPK vs OSPK, P = .521) were similar. Our findings suggest that employing robotic assistance in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation is safe. Wider adoption and utilization of this technique could potentially improve transplant accessibility for individuals with obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Spaggiari
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alessandro Martinino
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Egor Petrochenkov
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Giulia Bencini
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jing Chen Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Victor Roth Cardoso
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stepan Akshelyan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Pierpaolo Di Cocco
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge Almario-Alvarez
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ivo Tzvetanov
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Enrico Benedetti
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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11
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Minkovich M, Gupta N, Liu M, Famure O, Li Y, Selzner M, Lee JY, Kim SJ, Ghanekar A. Impact of early surgical complications on kidney transplant outcomes. BMC Surg 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 38802757 PMCID: PMC11129490 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation (KT) improves clinical outcomes of patients with end stage renal disease. Little has been reported on the impact of early post-operative surgical complications (SC) on long-term clinical outcomes following KT. We sought to determine the impact of vascular complications, urological complications, surgical site complications, and peri-graft collections within 30 days of transplantation on patient survival, graft function, and hospital readmissions. METHODS We conducted a single-centre, observational cohort study examining adult patients (≥ 18 years) who received a kidney transplant from living and deceased donors between January 1st, 2005 and December 31st, 2015 with follow-up until December 31st, 2016 (n = 1,334). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed with Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the outcomes of SC in the early post-operative period after KT. RESULTS The cumulative probability of SC within 30 days of transplant was 25%, the most common SC being peri-graft collections (66.8%). Multivariable analyses showed significant relationships between Clavien Grade 1 SC and death with graft function (HR 1.78 [95% CI: 1.11, 2.86]), and between Clavien Grades 3 to 4 and hospital readmissions (HR 1.95 [95% CI: 1.37, 2.77]). CONCLUSIONS Early SC following KT are common and have a significant influence on long-term patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Minkovich
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Michelle Liu
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Olusegun Famure
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Yanhong Li
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason Y Lee
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
- Division of Urology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - S Joseph Kim
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 585 University Avenue, 9-MaRS-9050, Toronto, ON, M5G 2N2, Canada.
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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12
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Quint EE, Liu Y, Shafaat O, Ghildayal N, Crosby H, Kamireddy A, Pol RA, Orandi BJ, Segev DL, Weiss CR, McAdams-DeMarco MA. Abdominal computed tomography measurements of body composition and waitlist mortality in kidney transplant candidates. Am J Transplant 2024; 24:591-605. [PMID: 37949413 PMCID: PMC10982050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Body mass index is often used to determine kidney transplant (KT) candidacy. However, this measure of body composition (BC) has several limitations, including the inability to accurately capture dry weight. Objective computed tomography (CT)-based measures may improve pre-KT risk stratification and capture physiological aging more accurately. We quantified the association between CT-based BC measurements and waitlist mortality in a retrospective study of 828 KT candidates (2010-2022) with clinically obtained CT scans using adjusted competing risk regression. In total, 42.5% of candidates had myopenia, 11.4% had myopenic obesity (MO), 68.8% had myosteatosis, 24.8% had sarcopenia (probable = 11.2%, confirmed = 10.5%, and severe = 3.1%), and 8.6% had sarcopenic obesity. Myopenia, MO, and sarcopenic obesity were not associated with mortality. Patients with myosteatosis (adjusted subhazard ratio [aSHR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.45; after confounder adjustment) or sarcopenia (probable: aSHR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.10-2.88; confirmed: aSHR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.01-2.82; and severe: aSHR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.12-5.66; after full adjustment) were at increased risk of mortality. When stratified by age, MO (aSHR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.28-3.83; P interaction = .005) and myosteatosis (aSHR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.18-3.21; P interaction = .038) were associated with elevated risk only among candidates <65 years. MO was only associated with waitlist mortality among frail candidates (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.54, 95% CI: 1.28-5.05; P interaction = .021). Transplant centers should consider using BC metrics in addition to body mass index when a CT scan is available to improve pre-KT risk stratification at KT evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien E Quint
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Shafaat
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nidhi Ghildayal
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen Crosby
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arun Kamireddy
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert A Pol
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Babak J Orandi
- Division of Endocrinology, Joan & Sanford Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mara A McAdams-DeMarco
- Department of Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Caamiña L, Pietropaolo A, Basile G, Dönmez MI, Uleri A, Territo A, Fraile P. Does obesity really affect renal transplantation outcomes? Actas Urol Esp 2024; 48:125-133. [PMID: 37604402 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). About 60% of CKD patients are overweight or obese at the time of kidney transplantation, and post-transplant obesity occurs in 50% of patients, with a weight gain of 10% in the first year and high risk of cardiovascular mortality. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection, surgical complications, graft loss and mortality. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical evolution of obese and overweight patients that have received a kidney transplant, based on short- and long-term complications associated with a higher BMI. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted with 104 kidney or pancreas-kidney transplant patients between March 2017 and December 2020, with a follow-up until April 2021. For comparative analysis, patients were grouped according to BMI. RESULTS Mean age was of 56.65 years, 60.6% male and 39.4 % female. Overweight patients experienced prolonged surgeries, more surgical wound dehiscence, delayed graft function, hernias, proteinuria and more indications for renal biopsies. Additionally, obese patients displayed more DGF, indications for renal biopsies, proteinuria, development of diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation and needed prolonged hospital stays. CONCLUSIONS Despite a high prevalence of comorbidity in the overweight and/or obese population, we found no reduction in patient and/or graft survival. However, longer follow-up is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Caamiña
- Nefrología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Urología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - A Pietropaolo
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; Grupo de trabajo de Trasplante Renal y grupo de trabajo de Urolitiasis y Endourología de la sección de Jóvenes Urólogos Académicos (YAU) de la Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands.
| | - G Basile
- Grupo de trabajo de Trasplante Renal y grupo de trabajo de Urolitiasis y Endourología de la sección de Jóvenes Urólogos Académicos (YAU) de la Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands; Servicio de Urología, Fundación Puigvert, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M I Dönmez
- Grupo de trabajo de Trasplante Renal y grupo de trabajo de Urolitiasis y Endourología de la sección de Jóvenes Urólogos Académicos (YAU) de la Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands; Servicio de Urología, Facultad de Medicina de Estambul, Universidad de Estambul, Estambul, Turkey
| | - A Uleri
- Grupo de trabajo de Trasplante Renal y grupo de trabajo de Urolitiasis y Endourología de la sección de Jóvenes Urólogos Académicos (YAU) de la Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands; Servicio de Urología, Fundación Puigvert, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Territo
- Grupo de trabajo de Trasplante Renal y grupo de trabajo de Urolitiasis y Endourología de la sección de Jóvenes Urólogos Académicos (YAU) de la Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU), Arnhem, The Netherlands; Servicio de Urología, Fundación Puigvert, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Fraile
- Nefrología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Lam S, Huynh A, Ying T, Sandroussi C, Gracey D, Pleass HC, Chadban S, Laurence JM. Prospective evaluation of a closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy system in kidney transplantation and its association with wound complications. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2024; 4:1352363. [PMID: 38476464 PMCID: PMC10929013 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2024.1352363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Wound complications can cause considerable morbidity in kidney transplantation. Closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) systems have been efficacious in reducing wound complications across surgical specialties. The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of ciNPWT, Prevena™, in kidney transplant recipients and to determine any association with wound complications. Material and methods A single-center, prospective observational cohort study was performed in 2018. A total of 30 consecutive kidney transplant recipients deemed at high risk for wound complications received ciNPWT, and the results were compared to those of a historical cohort of subjects who received conventional dressings. Analysis for recipients with obesity and propensity score matching were performed. Results In total, 127 subjects were included in the analysis. Of these, 30 received a ciNPWT dressing and were compared with 97 subjects from a non-study historical control group who had conventional dressing. The overall wound complication rate was 21.3% (27/127). There was no reduction in the rate of wound complications with ciNPWT when compared with conventional dressing [23.3% (7/30) and 20.6% (20/97), respectively, p = 0.75]. In the obese subset (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), there was no significant reduction in wound complications [31.1% (5/16) and 36.8% (7/19), respectively, p = 0.73]. Propensity score matching yielded 26 matched pairs with equivalent rates of wound complications (23.1%, 6/26). Conclusion This is the first reported cohort study evaluating the use of ciNPWT in kidney transplantation. While ciNPWT is safe and well tolerated, it is not associated with a statistically significant reduction in wound complications when compared to conventional dressing. The findings from this study will be used to inform future studies associated with ciNPWT in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Lam
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annie Huynh
- Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracey Ying
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charbel Sandroussi
- Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gracey
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henry C. Pleass
- Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steve Chadban
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jerome M. Laurence
- Transplantation Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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15
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Bosch KD, Harrington C, Sulutaura L, Lacea E, Burton K, Fernandez-Munoz N, Dugal N, Sufi P, Al Midani A, Parmar C. Bariatric Surgery as a Bridge to Facilitate Renal Transplantation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. Obes Surg 2024; 34:355-362. [PMID: 38172424 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06985-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Renal transplantation (RT) is not recommended above BMI 40 kg/m2 as post-operative risks (delayed graft function, wound complications) are increased. Bariatric surgery (BS) results in sustained long-term weight loss. However, renal failure (RF) patients are theoretically higher risk candidates. We aim to investigate the safety of BS in patients with RF and the effect of BS on access to renal transplantation. METHODS We reviewed data from 31 patients with RF referred for BS between 2013 and 2021. We compared the outcomes of patients with RF who underwent BS to those who were referred but did not undergo BS. Controls matched for age/BMI/comorbidity (MC) but without RF were used for comparison. RESULTS Of 31 patients referred, 19 proceeded with BS (68% female, median age 52 years, BMI 46.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2) and 12 did not (58% female, median age 58, mean BMI 41.5 ± 4.1). Excess body weight loss (EBWL) was 71.2% ± 20.2% at 2 years in RF patients versus 66.0% ± 28.0% in MC patients. In the operated group, 11/19 (58%) patients reached their treatment target (six transplanted, five placed on waiting list) versus 3/12 (25%) in unoperated patients (three transplanted). There was no difference in perioperative complications between RF and MC groups. Long-term, there were seven deaths amongst RF patients (two operated, five unoperated), none amongst the MC group. CONCLUSION BS in patients with RF increased access to RT and was safe and effective. We therefore recommend consideration of BS in patients with obesity and RF in specialised units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Bosch
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, N19 5NF, UK.
| | - Cuan Harrington
- Department of Surgery, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, E1 1FR, UK
| | - Liene Sulutaura
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, N19 5NF, UK
| | - Emilane Lacea
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, N19 5NF, UK
| | - Katarina Burton
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, N19 5NF, UK
| | | | - Neal Dugal
- National Kidney Transplant Service, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, D09V2N0, Ireland
| | - Pratik Sufi
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, N19 5NF, UK
| | - Ammar Al Midani
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Royal Free Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Chetan Parmar
- Department of Surgery, Whittington Hospital, London, N19 5NF, UK
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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16
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O'Connor-Cordova MA, Ortega-Macias AG, Sancen-Herrera JP, Altamirano-Lamarque F, Del Toro AV, Del Campo AIM, Canal-Zarate P, Peddinani BK, Gonzalez-Zorrilla F, O'Connor Juarez M. Living donor robotic-assisted kidney transplant compared to traditional living donor open kidney transplant. Where do we stand now? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2023; 37:100789. [PMID: 37604048 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal transplant is the standard of care for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Robotic-assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) has emerged as a safe minimally invasive approach with a lower complication rate than open kidney transplant (OKT). Concerns regarding ischemia times and graft function are still a matter of debate. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration CRD42023413774, a systematic review was performed in March 2023 on RAKT compared to OKT. Primary outcomes of interest were surgical times, ischemia times, blood loss, complication rates, and graft function. Data were analyzed using R version 4.2.2. RESULTS A total of nine studies comparing living donor RAKT to living donor OKT were included, totaling 1477 patients, out of which 508 underwent RAKT and 969 OKT. RAKT cases were highly selected as depicted in the manuscript. Cumulative analysis showed significantly longer total ischemic time (MD = 16.51; 95% CI = [9.86-23.16]) and rewarming ischemia time (MD = 11.24; 95% CI = [-0.46-22.01]) in RAKT group. No differences were found in total procedure time and time to complete anastomoses. Blood loss and transfusion rate were lower in RAKT group (MD = -53.68; 95% CI = [-89.78; -17.58]) and (RR = 0.29; 95% CI = [0.14; 0.57]), respectively. The meta-analysis revealed a lower rate of surgical site infection (SSI) (RR = 0.31; 95% CI = [0.19-0.52]) and symptomatic lymphocele (RR = 0.16; 95% CI = [0.06-0.43]) in RAKT. No difference in ileus rate was found. Pain scores were significantly lower in the RAKT group (MD = -1.14; 95% CI = [-1.59 - -0.69]; p ≤0.01). No difference in length of stay and hospital readmission were evidenced. Delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection rates were not different between interventions groups (RR =1.23; 95% CI = [0.40-3.74]) and (RR =0.96; 95% CI = [0.55-1.70]), respectively. No difference between groups in early graft outcomes are evident. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that RAKT is a minimally invasive, safe, and feasible procedure. It is associated with a lower complication rate and similar intraoperative, perioperative, and postoperative outcomes. Further quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A O'Connor-Cordova
- Escuela de Medicina del Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Alan G Ortega-Macias
- Escuela de Medicina del Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Juan P Sancen-Herrera
- Escuela de Medicina del Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Alexis Vargas Del Toro
- Escuela de Medicina del Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Pia Canal-Zarate
- Facultad de Medicina Universidad Anahuac, Av. Universidad Anahuac 46, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Bharat Kumar Peddinani
- Escuela de Medicina del Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | | | - Mario O'Connor Juarez
- Urology Department, Hospital Ángeles del Carmen, Tarascos 3469 -401, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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17
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Apovian CM, Bruno CD, Kyle TK, Chow CR, Greenblatt DJ. Incomplete Data and Potential Risks of Drugs in People with Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:429-438. [PMID: 37980304 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide examples of knowledge gaps in current pharmaceutical treatments for people with obesity and call for changes to regulatory and pharmaceutical clinical research requirements during the drug discovery and development process. RECENT FINDINGS Treatment of obesity and its comorbidities often require the use of prescription drugs, many of which have not been fully evaluated in people with obesity. Despite a growing body of research on this topic, the impact of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs is often under-studied by drug sponsors and regulators, and subsequently underappreciated by clinicians and caretakers. There are currently multiple opportunities for pharmaceuticals to include dosing information specifically for patients with obesity in order to ensure safety and efficacy of drugs in this population. Additionally, there are serious gaps between what is known about the effects of obesity on drug disposition and the current use of drugs according to drug prescribing information and clinical practice. There is currently no requirement to test drugs in people with obesity during the drug approval process, even when preliminary data suggests there may be altered kinetics in this population. The lack of information on the safe and effective use of drugs in people with obesity may be contributing to poorer health outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Apovian
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Bruno
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Emerald Lake Safety, LLC, 23 Corporate Plaza Drive, Suite 150, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | | | - Christina R Chow
- Emerald Lake Safety, LLC, 23 Corporate Plaza Drive, Suite 150, Newport Beach, CA, USA.
| | - David J Greenblatt
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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18
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Di Cocco P, Bencini G, Spaggiari M, Petrochenkov E, Akshelyan S, Fratti A, Zhang JC, Almario Alvarez J, Tzvetanov I, Benedetti E. Obesity and Kidney Transplantation-How to Evaluate, What to Do, and Outcomes. Transplantation 2023; 107:1903-1909. [PMID: 36855222 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing issue that is spreading worldwide; its prevalence is ever increasing in patients with end-stage renal disease and represents a potential barrier to transplantation. The lack of unanimous guidelines exacerbates the current disparity in treatment, which can affect outcomes, leading to a significantly longer time on the waiting list. Multidisciplinary and multimodal management (encompassing several healthcare professionals such as nephrologists, transplant physicians and surgeons, primary care providers, and nurses) is of paramount importance for the optimal management of this patient population in a continuum from waitlisting to transplantation. Development of this guideline followed a standardized protocol for evidence review. In this review, we report on our clinical experience in transplantation of obese patients; strategies to manage this condition, including bariatric surgery, suitable timing for transplantation among this patient population, and clinical experience in robotic sleeve gastrectomy; and simultaneous robotic kidney transplantation to achieve optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Di Cocco
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Giulia Bencini
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mario Spaggiari
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Egor Petrochenkov
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Stepan Akshelyan
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alberto Fratti
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jing Chen Zhang
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jorge Almario Alvarez
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ivo Tzvetanov
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Enrico Benedetti
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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19
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Chen T, Liu C, Zhang Z, Liang T, Zhu J, Zhou C, Wu S, Yao Y, Huang C, Zhang B, Feng S, Wang Z, Huang S, Sun X, Chen L, Zhan X. Using Machine Learning to Predict Surgical Site Infection After Lumbar Spine Surgery. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5197-5207. [PMID: 37581167 PMCID: PMC10423613 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s417431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to utilize machine learning techniques to analyze perioperative factors and identify blood glucose levels that can predict the occurrence of surgical site infection following posterior lumbar spinal surgery. Methods A total of 4019 patients receiving lumbar internal fixation surgery from an institute were enrolled between June 2012 and February 2021. First, the filtered data were randomized into the test and verification groups. Second, in the test group, specific variables were screened using logistic regression analysis, Lasso regression analysis, support vector machine, and random forest. Specific variables obtained using the four methods were intersected, and a dynamic model was constructed. ROC and calibration curves were constructed to assess model performance. Finally, internal model performance was verified in the verification group using ROC and calibration curves. Results The data from 4019 patients were collected. In total, 1327 eligible cases were selected. By combining logistic regression analysis with three machine learning algorithms, this study identified four predictors associated with SSI, namely Modic changes, sebum thickness, hemoglobin, and glucose. Using this information, a prediction model was developed and visually represented. Then, we constructed ROC and calibration curves using the test group; the area under the ROC curve was 0.988. Further, calibration curve analysis revealed favorable consistency of nomogram-predicted values compared with real measurements. The C-index of our model was 0.986 (95% CI 0.981-0.994). Finally, we used the validation group to validate the model internally; the AUC was 0.987. Calibration curve analysis revealed favorable consistency of nomogram-predicted values compared with real measurements. The C-index was 0.982 (95% CI 0.974-0.999). Conclusion Logistic regression analysis and machine learning were employed to select four risk factors: Modic changes, sebum thickness, hemoglobin, and glucose. Then, a dynamic prediction model was constructed to help clinicians simplify the monitoring and prevention of SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyou Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Spine Ward, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tuo Liang
- Spine Ward, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jichong Zhu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Zhou
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Wu
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Yao
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqian Huang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sitan Feng
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zequn Wang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengsheng Huang
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhua Sun
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liyi Chen
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Department of Spine and Osteopathy Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Jarrar F, Tennankore K, Vinson A. Recipient race modifies the association between obesity and long-term graft outcomes after kidney transplantation. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1159-1170. [PMID: 37119856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Donor and recipient obesity (defined using body mass index [BMI]) are associated with worse outcomes after kidney transplant (KT). In adult KT recipients identified using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2000-2017), we examined the modifying effect of recipient race on recipient obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and combined donor and recipient (DR) obesity pairing, with death-censored graft loss (DCGL), all-cause graft loss (ACGL), and short-term graft outcomes using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and logistic regression. Obesity was associated with a higher risk of DCGL in White (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.25-1.35) than Black (aHR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.19) recipients. White, but not Black, recipients with obesity were at higher risk for ACGL (aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.11, for White recipients; aHR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95-1.02, for Black recipients). Relative to nonobese DR, White recipients with combined DR obesity experienced more DCGL (aHR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.29-1.47 for White; aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10-1.29 for Black) and ACGL (aHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17 for White; aHR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.94-1.07 for Black) than Black recipients. Short-term obesity risk was similar irrespective of race. An elevated BMI differentially affects long-term outcomes in Black and White KT recipients; uniform BMI thresholds to define transplant eligibility are likely inappropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Jarrar
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Karthik Tennankore
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amanda Vinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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21
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Murthy PB, Fascelli M, Lyon M, Corrigan D, Spinner M, Lin YC, Wee AC, Krishnamurthi V, Goldfarb DA, Africa J, Eltemamy MM. Wound related complications and the anterior rectus sheath versus Gibson approach to kidney transplantation: A single center randomized controlled trial. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14991. [PMID: 37129298 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wound related complications (WRC) are a significant source of morbidity in kidney transplant recipients, and may be mitigated by surgical approach. We hypothesize that the anterior rectus sheath approach (ARS) may decrease WRC and inpatient opiate use compared to the Gibson Approach (GA). METHODS This double-blinded randomized controlled trial allocated kidney transplant recipients aged 18 or older, exclusive of other procedures, 1:1 to ARS or GA at a single hospital. The ARS involves a muscle-splitting paramedian approach to the iliopsoas fossa, compared to the muscle-cutting GA. Patients and data analysts were blinded to randomization. RESULTS Seventy five patients were randomized to each group between August 27, 2019 and September 18, 2020 with a minimum 12 month follow-up. There was no difference in WRC between groups (p = .23). Nine (12%) and three patients (4%) experienced any WRC in the ARS and GA groups, respectively. Three and one Clavien IIIb complications occurred in the ARS and GA groups, respectively. In a multiple linear regression model, ARS was associated with decreased inpatient opioid use (β = -58, 95% CI: -105 to -12, p = .016). CONCLUSIONS The ARS did not provide a WRC benefit in kidney transplant recipients, but may be associated with decreased inpatient opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prithvi B Murthy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michele Fascelli
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Madison Lyon
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dillon Corrigan
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Spinner
- Cleveland Clinic Pharmacies, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi-Chia Lin
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alvin C Wee
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - David A Goldfarb
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph Africa
- Transplant Institute, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - Mohamed M Eltemamy
- Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Urology Department, Kasralainy School of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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Abstract
Objective: The da Vinci single-port (SP) platform represents the latest innovation in minimally invasive urologic surgery, and the adoption of this technology by urologists is increasing. In this article, we briefly describe the evolution of minimally invasive and single-site surgery, and offer a comprehensive review of the current literature on the SP platform. Materials and Methods: For relevant articles, three electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched from their inception until August 15, 2022. The published literature to date within SP robotic surgery in urology will be discussed. Evidence Synthesis: There are relatively few high-quality studies on the SP system, but there are multiple case series describing unique indications and surgical approaches with the SP robot, demonstrating safety and feasibility in the hands of experienced robotic surgeons. There also are an increasing number of prospective, larger cohort studies comparing outcomes between SP and multiport (MP) approaches that show benefits of the SP system regarding improved cosmesis, postoperative pain control, and decreased length of stay. Conclusions: Multiple prospective studies have shown benefits regarding cost and pain control for SP platform procedures compared to the traditional MP robotic approach. While its high cost and learning curve represent barriers to adoption, the SP platform represents a critical development in minimally invasive surgery. As this technology is further implemented at more institutions, long-term, high-quality data should accrue that will demonstrate its true value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Jacob Basilius
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Sohrab Naushad Ali
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Ryan W Dobbs
- Department of Urology, Cook County Health & Hospitals System, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David I Lee
- Department of Urology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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23
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Emmanouilidis N, Hashem AAB, Stiegler P, Ringe BP, Alten TA, Klempnauer J, Schrem H. Transplanting a left or right donor kidney into the left or right iliac fossa: importance of laterality and site of venous anastomosis. Updates Surg 2023:10.1007/s13304-023-01512-9. [PMID: 37171776 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Data on the impact of donor-to-recipient laterality on kidney transplantation are lacking. This study evaluated the impact of donor-to-iliac fossa laterality and the site of venous anastomosis on operating time and surgical outcome. This retrospective single-center study analyzed 1262 deceased donor adult kidney transplants into pristine iliac fossa. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables with an impact on operating time and surgical complications. Operating time was shorter by 11 min in median for transplantations into the right iliac fossa compared to the left iliac fossa (p < 0.001). Operating time in left-to-right donor-to-recipient combination was shorter by 17 min in median if venous anastomoses were performed on the caval vein or common iliac vein as compared to anastomoses to the external iliac vein (p < 0.001). Overall, the shortest operating times (median 112.5 min) were achieved in left-to-right donor-to-recipient combinations with venous anastomosis to the caval or common iliac vein, without an increase in surgical complications. Kidney transplantation into the right iliac fossa with anastomosis to the caval vein or the common iliac vein saves operating time and reduces thrombotic complications. Acceptance of a left donor kidney is likely to further reduce operating time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Emmanouilidis
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
- General, Visceral, Thoracic and Minimalinvasive Surgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Stadtring Kattenstroth 130, 33332, Gütersloh, Germany.
| | | | - Philipp Stiegler
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bastian Paul Ringe
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Alexander Alten
- Department of Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincenz Hospital Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klempnauer
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Harald Schrem
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Medizinische Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
- Core Facility Quality Management & Health Technology Assessment in Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Liu Y, Bendersky VA, Chen X, Ghildayal N, Harhay MN, Segev DL, McAdams-DeMarco M. Post-kidney transplant body mass index trajectories are associated with graft loss and mortality. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14947. [PMID: 36811329 PMCID: PMC10175140 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early post-kidney transplantation (KT) changes in physiology, medications, and health stressors likely impact body mass index (BMI) and likely impact all-cause graft loss and mortality. METHODS We estimated 5-year post-KT (n = 151 170; SRTR) BMI trajectories using an adjusted mixed effects model. We estimated long-term mortality and graft loss risks by 1-year BMI change quartile (decrease [1st quartile]: change < -.07 kg/m2 /month; stable [2nd quartile]: -.07 ≤ change ≤ .09 kg/m2 /month; increase [3rd, 4th quartile]: change > .09 kg/m2 /month) using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS BMI increased in the 3 years post-KT (.64 kg/m2 /year, 95% CI: .63, .64) and decreased in years 3-5 (-.24 kg/m2 /year, 95% CI: -.26, -.22). 1-year post-KT BMI decrease was associated with elevated risks of all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.16), all-cause graft loss (aHR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.15), death-censored graft loss (aHR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11-1.19), and mortality with functioning graft (aHR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.08-1.14). Among recipients with obesity (pre-KT BMI≥30 kg/m2 ), BMI increase was associated with higher all-cause mortality (aHR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.14), all-cause graft loss (aHR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09), and mortality with functioning graft (aHR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.05-1.15) risks, but not death-censored graft loss risks, relative to stable weight. Among individuals without obesity, BMI increase was associated with lower all-cause graft loss (aHR = .97, 95% CI: .95-.99) and death-censored graft loss (aHR = .93, 95% CI: .90-.96) risks, but not all-cause mortality or mortality with functioning graft risks. CONCLUSIONS BMI increases in the 3 years post-KT, then decreases in years 3-5. BMI loss in all adult KT recipients and BMI gain in those with obesity should be carefully monitored post-KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Xiaomeng Chen
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nidhi Ghildayal
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Meera N. Harhay
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA
- Tower Health Transplant Institute, Tower Health System, West Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population, New York University School of Population Health, New York, NY
- Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Mara McAdams-DeMarco
- Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population, New York University School of Population Health, New York, NY
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25
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Merzkani M, Chang SH, Murad H, Lentine KL, Mattu M, Wang M, Hu V, Wang B, Al-Hosni Y, Alzahabi O, Alomar O, Wellen J, Alhamad T. The association of center volume with transplant outcomes in selected high-risk groups in kidney transplantation. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:61. [PMID: 36941609 PMCID: PMC10029277 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In context of increasing complexity and risk of deceased kidney donors and transplant recipients, the impact of center volume (CV) on the outcomes of high-risk kidney transplants(KT) has not been well determined. METHODS We examined the association of CV and outcomes among 285 U.S. transplant centers from 2000-2016. High-risk KT were defined as recipient age ≥ 70 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2, receiving kidneys from donors with kidney donor profile index(KDPI) ≥ 85%, acute kidney injury(AKI), hepatitisC + . Average annual CV for the specific-high-risk KT categorized in tertiles. Death-Censored-Graft-Loss(DCGL) and death at 3 months, 1, 5, and 10 years were compared between CV tertiles using Cox-regression models. RESULTS Two hundred fifty thousand five hundred seventy-four KT were analyzed. Compared to high CV, recipients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 had higher risk of DCGL in low CV(aHR = 1.11,95%CI = 1.03-1.19) at 10 years; recipients with age ≥ 70 years had higher risk of death in low CV(aHR = 1.07,95%CI = 1.01-14) at 10 years. There was no difference of DCGL or death in low CV for donors with KDPI ≥ 85%, hepatitisC + , or AKI. CONCLUSIONS Recipients of high-risk KT with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 have higher risk of DCGL and recipients age ≥ 70 years have higher risk of death in low CV, compared to high CV. Future studies should identify care practices associated with CV that support optimal outcomes after KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massini Merzkani
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave. CB 8126, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haris Murad
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave. CB 8126, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Krista L Lentine
- Center for Abdominal Transplantation, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Munis Mattu
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave. CB 8126, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vangie Hu
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bolin Wang
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yazen Al-Hosni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Obadah Alzahabi
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave. CB 8126, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Omar Alomar
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave. CB 8126, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason Wellen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tarek Alhamad
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave. CB 8126, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Transplant Epidemiology Research Collaboration (TERC), Institute of Public Health, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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26
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Tsapepas D, Sandra V, Dale LA, Drexler Y, King KL, Yu M, Toma K, Van Bever J, Sanichar N, Husain SA, Mohan S. Retrospective analysis of the impact of severe obesity on kidney transplant outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:472-480. [PMID: 35524689 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity among kidney transplant recipients is rising. We sought to determine the association between recipient body mass index (BMI) and post-transplant complications. METHODS Single-center, retrospective cohort study of all adult kidney transplant recipients from 2004 to 2020. Recipients were stratified into four BMI categories: normal-weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, n = 1020), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, n = 1002), moderately obese (BMI 30-34.9 kg/m2, n = 510) and severely-to-morbidly obese (BMI ≥35 kg/m2, n = 274). Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between BMI category and surgical site infections (SSIs). RESULTS Recipients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 had significantly higher rates of SSIs (P < .0001) compared with recipients in all other categories. On multivariable analysis, recipients with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 had increased odds of SSIs compared with normal-weight recipients [odds ratio (OR) 3.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.55-7.22, P = .022). On multivariable and Kaplan-Meier analyses, no BMI groups demonstrated increased odds for death-censored graft failure. CONCLUSION Severe obesity in kidney transplant recipients is associated with increased SSIs, but not kidney allograft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Tsapepas
- Department of Analytics, Division of Transplantation, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanessa Sandra
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Dale
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Drexler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristen L King
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miko Yu
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Toma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Van Bever
- Department of Analytics, Division of Transplantation, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navin Sanichar
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Ali Husain
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sumit Mohan
- The Columbia University Renal Epidemiology (CURE) Group, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Outcomes of kidney transplant recipients who underwent pre-transplant bariatric surgery for severe obesity: a long-term follow-up study. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:494-502. [PMID: 36002684 PMCID: PMC9401197 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While a major cause for ESRD, obesity is also a key obstacle to candidacy for KT. Bariatric surgery, particularly sleeve gastrectomy (SG), is increasingly used to improve access to KT in patients with obesity, but the literature especially on outcomes post-KT remains lacking. We aimed to provide a long-term follow-up analysis of efficacy and outcomes of a previously described cohort of patients with obesity, who had SG as a means for access to KT. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective follow-up study of 32 patients with advanced chronic kidney disease or ESRD, who were referred and underwent SG between 2013 and 2018 as an access strategy to KT. The primary outcome was successful KT. Ninety-day outcomes, long-term graft function, and changes in weight and obesity-related comorbidities after KT were assessed. Descriptive statistics are presented as count (percentage) or median (interquartile range). RESULTS At baseline, 18 (56%) were male with a median age and BMI of 51 (11) years and 42.3 (5.2) kg/m2, respectively. Median follow-up time post-SG was 53 (58) months. At last follow-up, 23 (72%) patients received KT. Median time to KT was 16 (20) months and BMI was 34.0 (5.1) kg/m2 at time of transplant. At KT, 13 (57%) and 20 (87%) had diabetes and hypertension, respectively. Median follow-up post-KT was 16 (47) months. There was one graft loss requiring return to dialysis. At 5-year post-KT, median serum creatinine was 136 (66) µmol/l. At last follow-up post-KT, median BMI remained at 33.7 (7.6) kg/m2. Among patients with diabetes and hypertension, 7/13 (54%) and 5/20 (25%) had either improvement or remission of their comorbidities, respectively. CONCLUSION SG is an effective strategy to improve access to KT in patients with severe obesity. Transplant recipients also continue to benefit from sustained weight loss and improved related comorbidities that may positively impact their graft function after KT.
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28
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Jarrar F, Tennankore KK, Vinson AJ. Combined Donor-Recipient Obesity and the Risk of Graft Loss After Kidney Transplantation. Transpl Int 2022; 35:10656. [PMID: 36247488 PMCID: PMC9556700 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2022.10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: As the prevalence of obesity increases globally, appreciating the effect of donor and recipient (DR) obesity on graft outcomes is of increasing importance. Methods: In a cohort of adult, kidney transplant recipients (2000-2017) identified using the SRTR, we used Cox proportional hazards models to examine the association between DR obesity pairing (body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2), and death-censored graft loss (DCGL) or all-cause graft loss, and logistic regression to examine risk of delayed graft function (DGF) and ≤30 days graft loss. We also explored the association of DR weight mismatch (>30 kg, 10-30 kg (D>R; D
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Jarrar
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Karthik K. Tennankore
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amanda J. Vinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada
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29
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Buemi A, Romero L, Zech F, Darius T, De Meyer M, Devresse A, Kanaan N, Goffin E, Mourad M. Impact of Recipient Obesity on Kidney Transplantation Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study with a Matched Comparison. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1786-1794. [PMID: 35940948 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a recipient's obesity on posttransplant complications and patient and graft survival. METHODS A single-institution, retrospective study was performed on obese renal transplant recipients (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 102) from January 2010 to December 2018, matched with non-obese recipients (BMI < 30 kg/m2, n = 204). For comparison, for every obese patient we selected 2 nonobese patients with a similar age, sex, and period of transplantation. The comparative analysis included patient and graft survival as primary outcomes and graft function and postoperative complications as a secondary outcome. RESULTS Recipient demographics were comparable in both groups except for diabetic nephropathy in obese patients (P = .0006). Obesity was strongly related to a poorer patient survival (risk ratio [RR] = 2.83 confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.14-7.04; P = .020) but there was no observed difference in graft survival (P = .6). While early graft function was inferior in the obese population (RR = 2.41; CI 95% 1.53-3.79; P = .00016), during late follow-up, no statistically significant differences were observed between both groups (P = .36). Obese recipients had a significantly higher risk of delayed graft function (RR = 1.93; CI 95% (1.19-3.1), P = .0077), heart infarction (RR = 7; CI 95% 1.68-29.26; P = .0042), wound infections (RR = 8; CI 95% 1.96-32.87; P = .0015), diabetes aggravation (RR = 3.13; CI 95% 1.29-7.6; P = .011), and surgical revision for eventration (RR = 8; CI 95% 1.22-52.82; P = .026) when compared with nonobese recipients. CONCLUSIONS Despite the inferior early kidney graft function in obese recipients, there was no difference observed at the long-term follow-up. However, recipient obesity demonstrated a negative effect on patient survival and postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Buemi
- Department of Surgery, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laura Romero
- Department of Surgery, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Zech
- Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Darius
- Department of Surgery, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine De Meyer
- Department of Surgery, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Devresse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nada Kanaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Mourad
- Department of Surgery, Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation Division, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Kukla A, Diwan T, Smith BH, Collazo-Clavell ML, Lorenz EC, Clark M, Grothe K, Denic A, Park WD, Sahi S, Schinstock CA, Amer H, Issa N, Bentall AJ, Dean PG, Kudva YC, Mundi M, Stegall MD. Guiding Kidney Transplantation Candidates for Effective Weight Loss: A Clinical Cohort Study. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1411-1416. [PMID: 36176651 PMCID: PMC9416837 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001682022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is increasingly common in kidney transplant candidates and may limit access to transplantation. Obesity and diabetes are associated with a high risk for post-transplant complications. The best approach to weight loss to facilitate active transplant listing is unknown, but bariatric surgery is rarely considered due to patient- and physician-related apprehension, among other factors. METHODS We aimed to determine the magnitude of weight loss, listing, and transplant rates in 28 candidates with a mean BMI of 44.4±4.6 kg/m2 and diabetes treated conservatively for 1 year post weight-loss consultations (group 1). Additionally, we evaluated 15 patients (group 2) who met the inclusion criteria but received bariatric intervention within the same time frame. All patients completed a multidisciplinary weight management consultation with at least 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS In the conservatively managed group (group 1), the mean weight at the time of initial consultation was 126.5±18.5 kg, and the mean BMI was 44.4±4.6 kg/m2. At 1 year post weight-loss consultation, the mean weight decreased by 4.4±8.2 kg to 122.9±17 kg, and the mean BMI was 43±4.8 kg/m2, with a total mean body weight decrease of 3% (P=0.01). Eighteen patients (64%) did not progress to become candidates for active listing/transplantation during the follow-up time of 4±2.9 years, with 15 (54%) subsequently developing renal failure/diabetes-related comorbidities prohibitive for transplantation. In contrast, mean total body weight decreased by 19% at 6 months post bariatric surgery, and the mean BMI was 34.2±4 and 32.5±3.7 kg/m2 at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Bariatric surgery was strongly associated with subsequent kidney transplantation (HR=8.39 [95% CI 1.71 to 41.19]; P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS A conservative weight-loss approach involving multidisciplinary consultation was ineffective in most kidney transplant candidates with diabetes, suggesting that a more proactive approach is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kukla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tayyab Diwan
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Surgery and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Byron H. Smith
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maria L. Collazo-Clavell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth C. Lorenz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matthew Clark
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karen Grothe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aleksandar Denic
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Walter D. Park
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sukhdeep Sahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carrie A. Schinstock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hatem Amer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Naim Issa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J. Bentall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patrick G. Dean
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Surgery and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yogish C. Kudva
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Manpreet Mundi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mark D. Stegall
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Surgery and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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31
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Spaggiari M, Almario J, Aguiluz G, Furian L, Bartlett S, Cocco PD, Tzvetanov IG, Benedetti E, Giulianotti PC. Simultaneous Robotic-Assisted Bilateral Native Nephrectomy and Kidney Transplantation for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease in Recipients With High Body Mass Index: Report of 2 Cases. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:1781-1785. [PMID: 35909011 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2022.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Robotic kidney transplantation is a safe, reproducible, and less morbid technique in high body mass index and end-stage renal disease. Polycystic kidney disease is a relative contraindication to robotic-assisted kidney transplantation because of the mass effect of the native kidneys on the patient's pelvis that prevents ideal exposure. We report the first 2 cases of robotic-assisted simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy and kidney transplantation for patients with obesity and adult polycystic kidney disease. The recipients were 2 males, 50 and 53 years old, with a body mass index of 35.1 41.6 kg/m2 and 41.6 kg/m2, respectively. Both recipients had suitable living donors. The average operating time was 395 minutes and the estimated blood loss was on average 250 mL. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patients were discharged home on days 4 and 5. Performing robotic nephrectomies simultaneously with kidney transplantation can be done safely, allowing patients with obesity and polycystic kidney disease needing bilateral nephrectomy, to take full advantage of minimally invasive kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Spaggiari
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Jorge Almario
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gabriela Aguiluz
- Division of General, Minimally Invasive, & Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lucrezia Furian
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephen Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, OSF Saint Anthony Medical Center, Rockford, Illinois
| | - Pierpaolo Di Cocco
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ivo G Tzvetanov
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Enrico Benedetti
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pier C Giulianotti
- Division of General, Minimally Invasive, & Robotic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Coates M, Shield A, Peterson GM, Hussain Z. Prophylactic Cefazolin Dosing in Obesity-a Systematic Review. Obes Surg 2022; 32:3138-3149. [PMID: 35809198 PMCID: PMC9392691 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is no consensus on whether a standard 2-g prophylactic cefazolin dose provides sufficient antimicrobial coverage in obese surgical patients. This systematic review analysed both outcome and pharmacokinetic studies, aiming to determine the appropriate cefazolin dose. A systematic search was conducted using 4 databases. In total, 3 outcome and 15 pharmacokinetic studies met the inclusion criteria. All 3 outcome studies concluded that there is no need for increased dose. Also, 9 pharmacokinetic studies reached this conclusion; however, 6 pharmacokinetic studies recommended that 2-g dose is insufficient to achieve adequate plasma or tissue concentrations. The stronger body of evidence supports that 2-g dose of cefazolin is sufficient for surgery lasting up to 4 h; however, large-scale outcome studies are needed to confirm this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Coates
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 1 Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Alison Shield
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 1 Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 1 Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, 1 Kirinari Street, Bruce, Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia.
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33
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Kidney Retransplantation after Graft Failure: Variables Influencing Long-Term Survival. J Transplant 2022; 2022:3397751. [PMID: 35782455 PMCID: PMC9242806 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3397751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing demand for kidney retransplantation. Most studies report inferior outcomes compared to primary transplantation, consequently feeding an ethical dilemma in the context of chronic organ shortage. Objective To assess variables influencing long-term graft survival after kidney retransplantation. Material and Methods. All patients transplanted at our center between 2000 and 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Survival was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method, and risk factors were identified using multiple Cox regression. Results We performed 1,376 primary kidney transplantations and 222 retransplantations. The rate of retransplantation was 67.8% after the first graft loss, with a comparable 10-year graft survival compared to primary transplantation (67% vs. 64%, p=0.104) but an inferior graft survival thereafter (log-rank p=0.026). Independent risk factors for graft survival in retransplantation were age ≥ 50 years, time on dialysis ≥1 year, previous graft survival <2 years, ≥1 mild comorbidity in the Charlson–Deyo index, active smoking, and life-threatening complications (Clavien–Dindo grade IV) at first transplantation. Conclusion Graft survival is comparable for first and second kidney transplantation within the first 10 years. Risk factors for poor outcomes after retransplantation are previous graft survival, dialysis time after graft failure, recipient age, comorbidities, and smoking. Patients with transplant failure should have access to retransplantation as early as possible.
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34
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Thongprayoon C, Mao SA, Jadlowiec CC, Mao MA, Leeaphorn N, Kaewput W, Vaitla P, Pattharanitima P, Tangpanithandee S, Krisanapan P, Qureshi F, Nissaisorakarn P, Cooper M, Cheungpasitporn W. Machine Learning Consensus Clustering of Morbidly Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients in the United States. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3288. [PMID: 35743357 PMCID: PMC9224965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to better characterize morbidly obese kidney transplant recipients, their clinical characteristics, and outcomes by using an unsupervised machine learning approach. Methods: Consensus cluster analysis was applied to OPTN/UNOS data from 2010 to 2019 based on recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics in kidney transplant recipients with a pre-transplant BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2. Key cluster characteristics were identified using the standardized mean difference. Post-transplant outcomes, including death-censored graft failure, patient death, and acute allograft rejection, were compared among the clusters. Results: Consensus clustering analysis identified 3204 kidney transplant recipients with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2. In this cohort, five clinically distinct clusters were identified. Cluster 1 recipients were predominantly white and non-sensitized, had a short dialysis time or were preemptive, and were more likely to receive living donor kidney transplants. Cluster 2 recipients were older and diabetic. They were likely to have been on dialysis >3 years and receive a standard KDPI deceased donor kidney. Cluster 3 recipients were young, black, and had kidney disease secondary to hypertension or glomerular disease. Cluster 3 recipients had >3 years of dialysis and received non-ECD, young, deceased donor kidney transplants with a KDPI < 85%. Cluster 4 recipients were diabetic with variable dialysis duration who either received non-ECD standard KDPI kidneys or living donor kidney transplants. Cluster 5 recipients were young retransplants that were sensitized. One-year patient survival in clusters 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 was 98.0%, 94.4%, 98.5%, 98.7%, and 97%, and one-year death-censored graft survival was 98.1%, 93.0%, 96.1%, 98.8%, and 93.0%, respectively. Cluster 2 had the worst one-year patient survival. Clusters 2 and 5 had the worst one-year death-censored graft survival. Conclusions: With the application of unsupervised machine learning, variable post-transplant outcomes are observed among morbidly obese kidney transplant recipients. Recipients with earlier access to transplant and living donation show superior outcomes. Unexpectedly, reduced graft survival in cluster 3 recipients perhaps underscores socioeconomic access to post-transplant support and minorities being disadvantaged in access to preemptive and living donor transplants. Despite obesity-related concerns, one-year patient and graft survival were favorable in all clusters, and obesity itself should be reconsidered as a hard barrier to kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.T.); (S.T.); (P.K.); (F.Q.)
| | - Shennen A. Mao
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | | | - Michael A. Mao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA;
| | - Napat Leeaphorn
- Renal Transplant Program, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine/Saint Luke’s Health System, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Wisit Kaewput
- Department of Military and Community Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pradeep Vaitla
- Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Pattharawin Pattharanitima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Supawit Tangpanithandee
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.T.); (S.T.); (P.K.); (F.Q.)
| | - Pajaree Krisanapan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.T.); (S.T.); (P.K.); (F.Q.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Fawad Qureshi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.T.); (S.T.); (P.K.); (F.Q.)
| | - Pitchaphon Nissaisorakarn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Medstar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; (C.T.); (S.T.); (P.K.); (F.Q.)
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Zharikov AA, Saydulaev DA, Sadovnikov SV, Miloserdov IA. Efficacy of surgical techniques for morbid obesity and their potentials in end-stage renal disease in preparation for kidney transplantation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS 2022; 24:125-133. [DOI: 10.15825/1995-1191-2022-2-125-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
Abstract
Obesity is a modern «epidemic» not only in the general population but also among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who require kidney transplantation (KTx). The objective of this literature review is to analyze global studies on surgical methods of treating morbid obesity and their potentials in ESRD patients in preparation for KTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Zharikov
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - D. A. Saydulaev
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - S. V. Sadovnikov
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs
| | - I. A. Miloserdov
- Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs; Sechenov University
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Ostaszewska A, Domagała P, Zawistowski M, Karpeta E, Wszoła M. Single-center experience with perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and surgical site infections in kidney transplant recipients. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:199. [PMID: 35232378 PMCID: PMC8886971 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections in kidney transplant recipients are particularly challenging owing to the immunosuppressive treatment, usually long history of chronic illness, comorbidities and prior exposures to antibiotics. Among the most common complications early after surgery are surgical site infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and evaluate epidemiological data regarding surgical site infections. Moreover, we were able to compare the current results with historical data from our institution when different perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis was practiced. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study in a group of 254 deceased donor renal graft recipients transplanted in a single Central European institution. We evaluated epidemiological findings and resistance patterns of pathogens causing surgical site infections. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine risk factors for surgical site infections. RESULTS We revealed no differences in baseline characteristics between patients with and without surgical site infections. Ten surgical site infections (3.9%) were diagnosed (six superficial incisional, two deep incisional, and two organ/space). Eight species (19 strains) were identified, most of which were multi-drug resistant (63%). The most common was extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (26%). We showed that statistically significant differences were present between reoperated and non-reoperated patients (adjusted odds ratio: 6.963, 95% confidence interval 1.523-31.842, P = .012). CONCLUSIONS Reoperation is an individual risk factor for surgical site infection after kidney transplantation. According to our experience, cefazolin-based prophylaxis can be safe and is associated with relatively low prevalence of surgical site infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ostaszewska
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Domagała
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zawistowski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Karpeta
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowogrodzka 59, 02-006, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wszoła
- Foundation of Research and Science Development, Warsaw, Poland
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Slagter JS, Outmani L, Tran KTCK, Ijzermans JNM, Minnee RC. Robot-assisted kidney transplantation as a minimally invasive approach for kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Int J Surg 2022; 99:106264. [PMID: 35183735 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) has emerged as an alternative for kidney transplant recipients with the potential benefits of minimally invasive surgery. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to compare the clinical outcomes of RAKT with open kidney transplantation (OKT). METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were systematically searched. Baseline characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were collected, as well as long-term renal function and data on graft and patient survival. RESULTS Eleven studies were included, which compared 482 RAKT procedures with 1316 OKT procedures. RAKT was associated with lower a risk of surgical site infection (Risk ratio (RR) = 0.15, p < 0.001), symptomatic lymphocele (RR = 0.20, p = 0.03), less postoperative pain (Mean difference (MD) = -1.38 points, p < 0.001), smaller incision length (MD = -8.51 cm, p < 0.001), and shorter length of hospital stay (MD = -1.69 days, p = 0.03) compared with OKT. No difference was found in renal function, graft, and patient survival. CONCLUSIONS RAKT is a safe and feasible alternative to OKT with less surgical complications without compromising renal function, graft and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Slagter
- Division of HPB and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Tzvetanov IG, Tulla KA, Di Cocco P, Spaggiari M, Benedetti E. Robotic Kidney Transplant: The Modern Era Technical Revolution. Transplantation 2022; 106:479-488. [PMID: 34288638 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the mid 20th century, transplantation has been a fast-developing field of contemporary medicine. The technical aspects of transplant operations were developed in the 1950s, with little significant change for >50 y. Those techniques allowed completion of various organ transplants and successful patient outcomes, but they also carried the inherent disadvantages of open surgery, such as postoperative pain, wound complications and infections, and prolonged length of hospital stay. The introduction and adoption of minimally invasive surgical techniques in the early 1990s to various surgical specialties including general, gynecologic, and urologic surgery led to significant improvements in postoperative patient care and outcomes. Organ transplantation, with its precision demanding vascular anastomoses, initially had been considered infeasible to accomplish with conventional laparoscopic devices. The institution of robotic surgical technology in the late 1990s and its subsequent wide utilization in fields of surgery changed its accessibility and acceptance. With the steady camera, 3D views, and multidirectional wrist motions, surgical robotics opened new horizons for technically demanding surgeries such as transplantation to be completed in a minimally invasive fashion. Furthermore, the hope was this technique could find a niche to treat patients who otherwise are not deemed surgical candidates in many fields including transplantation. Here in, robotics in kidney transplantation and its ability to help provide equity through access to transplantation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo G Tzvetanov
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors and Wound Healing Complications in Kidney Transplantation: Old Myths and New Realities. J Transplant 2022; 2022:6255339. [PMID: 35265364 PMCID: PMC8901320 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6255339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR-I) lacks nephrotoxicity, has antineoplastic effects, and reduces viral infections in kidney transplant recipients. Earlier studies reported a significant incidence of wound healing complications and lymphocele. This resulted in the uncomfortable willingness of transplant clinicians to use these agents in the immediate posttransplant period. As evidence and experience evolved over time, much useful information became available about the optimal use of these agents. Understandably, mTOR-I effects wound healing through their antiproliferative properties. However, there are a lot of other immunological and nonimmunological factors which can also contribute to wound healing complications. These risk factors include obesity, uremia, increasing age, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, and protein-energy malnutrition. Except for age, the rest of all these risk factors are modifiable. At the same time, mycophenolic acid derivatives, steroids, and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) have also been implicated in wound healing complications. A lot has been learnt about the optimal dose of mTOR-I and their trough levels, its combinations with other immunosuppressive medications, and patients' profile, enabling clinicians to use these agents appropriately for maximum benefits. Recent randomized control trials have further increased the confidence of clinicians to use these agents in immediate posttransplant periods.
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Zhang H, Tan Q, Huang Z, Li L, Zeng J, Fan Y, Wang X, Lin T, Song T. Minimally Invasive Kidney Transplantation Had Better Cosmetic Effect and Comparable Safety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Transplant Proc 2022; 54:260-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yin S, Wu L, Huang Z, Fan Y, Lin T, Song T. Nonlinear relationship between body mass index and clinical outcomes after kidney transplantation: A dose-response meta-analysis of 50 observational studies. Surgery 2021; 171:1396-1405. [PMID: 34838329 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exact dose-response relationship between body mass index at transplantation and clinical outcomes after kidney transplantation remained unclear, and no specific body mass index threshold and pretransplant weight loss aim were recommended for kidney transplantation candidates among transplant centers. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for literature published up to December 31, 2019. The two-stage, random effect meta-analysis was performed to estimate the dose-response relationship between body mass index and clinical outcomes after kidney transplantation. RESULTS Ninety-four studies were included for qualitative assessment and 50 for dose-response meta-analyses. There was a U-shaped relationship between graft loss, patient death, and body mass index. Body mass index with the lowest risk of graft loss was 25.2 kg/m2, and preferred body mass index range was 22-28 kg/m2. Referring to a body mass index of 22 kg/m2, the risk of graft loss was 1.088, 0.981, 1.003, and 1.685 for a body mass index of 18, 24, 28, and 40 kg/m2, respectively. Body mass index with the lowest risk of patient death was 24.7 kg/m2, and preferred body mass index range was 22-27 kg/m2. Referring to a body mass index of 22 kg/m2, the patient death risk was 1.115, 0.981, 1.032, and 2.634 for a body mass index of 18, 24, 28, and 40 kg/m2, respectively. J-shaped relationships were observed between body mass index and acute rejection, delayed graft function, primary graft nonfunction, and de novo diabetes. Pair-wise comparisons showed that higher body mass index was also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, infection, longer length of hospital stay, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate level. CONCLUSION Underweight and severe obesity at transplantation are associated with a significantly increased risk of graft loss and patient death. A target body mass index at kidney transplantation is 22-27 kg/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifu Yin
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Linyan Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhongli Huang
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Turun Song
- Urology Department, Urology Research Institute, Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
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Spiers HVM, Sharma V, Woywodt A, Sivaprakasam R, Augustine T. Robot-assisted kidney transplantation: an update. Clin Kidney J 2021; 15:635-643. [PMID: 35371439 PMCID: PMC8967665 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal transplantation has become the gold-standard treatment for the majority of patients with established renal failure. Recent decades have seen significant progress in immunosuppressive therapies and advances in post-transplant management of recipients, resulting in improved graft and patient outcomes. However, the open technique of allograft implantation has stood the test of time, remaining largely unchanged. In a world where major advances in surgery have been facilitated by innovations in the fields of biotechnology and medical instrumentation, minimally invasive options have been introduced for the recipient undergoing kidney transplantation. In this review we present the evolution of minimally invasive kidney transplantation, with a specific focus on robot-assisted kidney transplant and the benefits it offers to specific patient groups. We also discuss the ethical concerns that must be addressed by transplant teams considering developing or referring to robotic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry V M Spiers
- Department of Transplantation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Videha Sharma
- Department of Renal and Pancreas Transplantation, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Woywodt
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, UK
| | - Rajesh Sivaprakasam
- Department of Transplant and Robotic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Titus Augustine
- Department of Renal and Pancreas Transplantation, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Lee JH, McDonald EO, Harhay MN. Obesity Management in Kidney Transplant Candidates: Current Paradigms and Gaps in Knowledge. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2021; 28:528-541. [PMID: 35367021 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the increasing prevalence of obesity among people with chronic and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and implications for kidney transplant (KT) candidate selection and management. Although people with obesity and ESKD receive survival and quality-of-life benefits from KT, most KT programs maintain strict body mass index (BMI) cutoffs to determine transplant eligibility. However, BMI does not distinguish between visceral adiposity, which confers higher cardiovascular risks and risks of perioperative and adverse posttransplant outcomes, and muscle mass, which is protective in ESKD. Furthermore, requirements for patients with obesity to lose weight before KT should be balanced with the findings of numerous studies that show weight loss is a risk factor for death among patients with ESKD, independent of starting BMI. Data suggest that KT is associated with survival benefits relative to remaining on dialysis for candidates with obesity although recipients without obesity have higher delayed graft function rates and longer transplant hospitalization durations. Research is needed to determine the optimal body composition metrics for KT candidacy assessments and risk stratification. In addition, ESKD-specific obesity management guidelines are needed that will address the neurologic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and physical underpinnings of this increasingly common disease.
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Wong RBK, Minkovich M, Famure O, Li Y, Lee JY, Selzner M, Kim SJ, Ghanekar A. Surgical site complications in kidney transplant recipients: incidence, risk factors and outcomes in the modern era. Can J Surg 2021; 64:E669-E676. [PMID: 34933944 PMCID: PMC8711553 DOI: 10.1503/cjs.015820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site complications (SSCs) are an important source of morbidity after kidney transplantation. We assessed the incidence, risk factors, outcomes and economic impact of SSCs in a large, diverse population of kidney transplant recipients. METHODS We conducted a single-centre, observational cohort study of adult (age ≥ 18 yr) patients who underwent kidney transplantation between Jan. 1, 2005, and Dec. 31, 2015, with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. Cases of SSC, including infections and wound dehiscence, were determined from patient records. Inpatient and outpatient hospital costs were determined 6 and 12 months after transplantation. We used the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method to determine the cumulative probability of SSCs and other outcomes. We evaluated risk factors and clinical outcomes using Cox proportional hazard ratios. Linear regression models were used to study the effect of SSCs on graft function. RESULTS The incidence rate of SSCs within 30 days after transplantation was 4.19 per 100 person-months. The cumulative probability of developing an SSC within 30 days after transplantation was 4.13% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.23%-5.28%). Increased recipient body mass index (BMI) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11), longer cold ischemic time (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09) and transplantation in 2010-2012 versus 2005-2009 (HR 2.20, 95% CI 1.19-4.04) were risk factors for SSC development. In multivariable stepwise Cox proportional hazard models, SSC was a significant risk factor for death-censored graft failure (HR 3.08, 95% CI 1.60-5.90) and total graft failure (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.32-3.32). Cumulative median hospital costs were $2238.46 greater for patients with an SSC than for those without. CONCLUSION Increased BMI, longer cold ischemic time and the 2010-2012 transplantation period predisposed to SSCs. The development of SSCs was associated with a higher risk of graft failure. Strategies to minimize SSCs may improve outcomes after kidney transplantation and reduce costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Bic Kay Wong
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim)
| | - Michelle Minkovich
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim)
| | - Olusegun Famure
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim)
| | - Yanhong Li
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim)
| | - Jason Young Lee
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim)
| | - Markus Selzner
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim)
| | - S Joseph Kim
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim)
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- From the Kidney Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Wong, Minkovich, Famure, Li, Lee, Selzner, Kim, Ghanekar); the Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Lee); the Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Lee, Selzner, Ghanekar); the Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ont. (Selzner, Ghanekar); and the Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. (Kim).
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Vranic G, Cooper M. But Why Weight: Understanding the Implications of Obesity in Kidney Transplant. Semin Nephrol 2021; 41:380-391. [PMID: 34715967 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing in prevalence among candidates for kidney transplant. Understanding the influence of obesity on candidate evaluation, surgical risk, peritransplant management, and post-transplant outcomes is critical to ensuring equitable access to transplant for this growing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle Vranic
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
| | - Matthew Cooper
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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Sureshkumar KK, Chopra B, Josephson MA, Shah PB, McGill RL. Recipient Obesity and Kidney Transplant Outcomes: A Mate-Kidney Analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 78:501-510.e1. [PMID: 33872689 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.02.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE The impact of extreme recipient obesity on long-term kidney transplant outcomes has been controversial. This study sought to evaluate the association of various levels of recipient obesity on kidney transplantation outcomes by comparing mate-kidney recipient pairs to address possible confounding effects of donor characteristics on posttransplant outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Nationwide observational cohort study using mate-kidney models. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS In analysis based on the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network/United Network of Organ Sharing database, 44,560 adult recipients of first-time deceased-donor kidney transplants from 2001 through 2016 were paired by donor. PREDICTORS Recipient body mass index (BMI) categorized as 18-25 (n = 12,446), >25-30 (n = 15,477), >30-35 (n = 11,144; obese), and >35 (n = 5,493; extreme obesity) kg/m2. OUTCOMES Outcomes included patient survival, graft survival, death-censored graft survival, delayed graft function (DGF), and hospital length of stay. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Conditional logistic regression and stratified proportional hazards models were used to compare outcomes as odds ratios and hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for recipient and transplant factors, using recipients with a BMI >35 kg/m2 as a reference. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 3.9 years, adjusted odds ratios for DGF were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36-0.48), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.48-0.62), and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.64-0.83) for BMI 18-25, >25-30, and >30-35 kg/m2, respectively (P < 0.001 for all). Death-censored graft failure was less frequent for BMI ≤25 and >25-30 kg/m2 (HRs of 0.66 [95% CI, 0.59-0.74] and 0.79 [95% CI, 0.70-0.88], respectively; P < 0.001 for both), but not for BMI >30-35 kg/m2 (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.81-1.02]; P = 0.09). Length of stay and patient survival did not differ by recipient BMI. LIMITATIONS Observational study with limited detail regarding potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Despite an increased risk of DGF likely unrelated to donor organ quality, long-term transplant outcomes among recipients with a BMI >35 kg/m2 are similar to those among recipients with a BMI >30-35 kg/m2, supporting a flexible approach to kidney transplantation candidacy in candidates with extreme obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalathil K Sureshkumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bhavna Chopra
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michelle A Josephson
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pratik B Shah
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Rita L McGill
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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Lee SD, Rawashdeh B, McCracken EKE, Cantrell LA, Kharwat B, Demirag A, Agarwal A, Brayman KL, Pelletier SJ, Goldaracena N, Fox E, Oberholzer J. Robot-assisted kidney transplantation is a safe alternative approach for morbidly obese patients with end-stage renal disease. Int J Med Robot 2021; 17:e2293. [PMID: 34080270 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many centres deny obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) >35 access to kidney transplantation due to increased intraoperative and postoperative complications. METHODS From August 2017 to December 2019, 73 consecutive cases of kidney transplantation in morbidly obese patients were enrolled at a single university at the initiation of a robotic transplant surgery program. Outcomes of patients who underwent robotic assisted kidney transplant (RAKT) were compared to frequency-matched patients undergoing open kidney transplant (OKT). RESULTS A total of 24 morbidly obese patients successfully underwent RAKT, and 49 obese patients received an OKT. The RAKT group developed fewer surgical site infections (SSI) than the OKT group. Graft function, creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were similar between groups 1 year after surgery. Graft and patient survival were 100% for both groups. CONCLUSIONS RAKT offers a safe alternative for morbidly obese patients, who may otherwise be denied access to OKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Duk Lee
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Badi Rawashdeh
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily K E McCracken
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh A Cantrell
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Bassel Kharwat
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alp Demirag
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Avinash Agarwal
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kenneth L Brayman
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Shawn J Pelletier
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicolas Goldaracena
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily Fox
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - José Oberholzer
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Pinar U, Mageau A, Renard Y, Rod X, Lebacle C, Barrou B, Zaidan M, Irani J, Bessede T. Pre-transplant morphometry by computed tomography scan and post-transplant dialysis risk in overweight or obese kidney transplant recipients. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 53:2469-2475. [PMID: 34536192 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02995-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose distribution and sarcopenia could better assess kidney transplantation outcomes than body mass index (BMI) and have been poorly evaluated among obese and overweight recipients. We aimed to evaluate morphometric radiologic markers to predict post-operative dialysis within this population. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study including patients with a BMI > 25 kg/m2 undergoing kidney transplantation during 5 years. Subcutaneous adipose tissue surface (SAT), visceral adipose tissue surface (VAT), and psoas surface were measured on CT scans sections. A model predictive of post-transplantation dialysis was elaborated through a multivariable logistic regression and was compared to a model including only BMI. RESULTS Overall, 248 patients were included whom mean (SD) BMI and age were, respectively, 29.7 kg/m2 (3.6) and 56 years (12.7). Of them, 83 (33.5%) needed dialysis: 14 (5.7%) for primary kidney failure and 69 (27.8%) for delayed kidney function. On multivariable analysis, SAT, VAT and deceased donor were significantly associated with post-operative dialysis (respectively, OR [95%CI]:1.6 [1.1-2.6], 1.6[1.1-2.6], and 7.5 [1.6-56]). The area under the curve of this predictive model was 0.70 versus 0.64 for a BMI-based model. CONCLUSION High VAT and SAT were associated with post-transplantation dialysis. A predictive model based on these morphometrics could provide a better appreciation of graft recovery after transplantation among obese and overweight recipients. External validation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pinar
- Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, 78 rue du général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, Paris, France.
| | - Arthur Mageau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Université Paris Saclay, Créteil, 94010, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Renard
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Reims, Champagne-Ardenne University, Robert Debré University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Xavier Rod
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cédric Lebacle
- Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, 78 rue du général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Barrou
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mohamad Zaidan
- Department of Nephrology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Irani
- Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, 78 rue du général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Bessede
- Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Hôpital de Bicêtre, AP-HP. Université Paris Saclay, 78 rue du général Leclerc, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94270, Paris, France.,U1195, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 94276, Paris, France
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Veroux M, Mattone E, Cavallo M, Gioco R, Corona D, Volpicelli A, Veroux P. Obesity and bariatric surgery in kidney transplantation: A clinical review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1563-1575. [PMID: 34630908 PMCID: PMC8472502 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing worldwide, and this has major implications in the setting of kidney transplantation. Patients with obesity may have limited access to transplantation and increased posttransplant morbidity and mortality. Most transplant centers incorporate interventions aiming to target obesity in kidney transplant candidates, including dietary education and lifestyle modifications. For those failing nutritional restriction and medical therapy, the use of bariatric surgery may increase the transplant candidacy of patients with obesity and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and may potentially improve the immediate and late outcomes. Bariatric surgery in ESRD patients is associated with weight loss ranging from 29.8% to 72.8% excess weight loss, with reported mortality and morbidity rates of 2% and 7%, respectively. The most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedures in patients with ESRD and in transplant patients are laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, the correct timing of bariatric surgery and the ideal type of surgery have yet to be determined, although pretransplant LSG seems to be associated with an acceptable risk-benefit profile. We review the impact of obesity on kidney transplant candidates and recipients and in potential living kidney donors, exploring the potential impact of bariatric surgery in addressing obesity in these populations, thereby potentially improving posttransplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Veroux
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mattone
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Matteo Cavallo
- Vascular Surgery and Organ Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Rossella Gioco
- General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Daniela Corona
- General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Alessio Volpicelli
- General Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Veroux
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Specialities, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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