• Biomarkers
• Cardiovascular disease
• Lignan
• Metabolic risk
• Pregnancy

• Humans
• Female
• Lignans/urine
• Lignans/administration & dosage
• Pregnancy
• Biomarkers/urine
• Biomarkers/blood
• Adult
• United States
• Nutrition Surveys
• Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
• Cardiovascular Diseases/urine
• Cholesterol, HDL/blood
• Young Adult
• Diet
• Risk Factors
• C-Reactive Protein
• Cross-Sectional Studies
• Triglycerides/blood
• Blood Glucose
• 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives

• Adulteration
• Bcl2 expression
• DNA fingerprint
• Histological analysis
• Meat products

• Egypt
• Animals
• Cattle
• Meat Products/analysis
• Immunohistochemistry
• Rats
• DNA Fingerprinting/methods
• Food Contamination/analysis
• Dogs
• Muscle, Skeletal
• Polymerase Chain Reaction

• Antidiabetics
• Drug candidate
• Flavonoids
• Indonesian plants
• Potential therapeutics

• Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy
• Alzheimer Disease/metabolism
• Alzheimer Disease/prevention & control
• Humans
• Flavonoids/pharmacology
• Flavonoids/therapeutic use
• Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
• Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
• Animals
• Oxidative Stress/drug effects

• Bavachin
• Chronic diseases
• Molecular targets
• Pathway enrichment
• Phytoestrogen

• Humans
• Phytoestrogens/pharmacology
• Phytoestrogens/metabolism
• Phytoestrogens/therapeutic use
• Signal Transduction/drug effects
• Chronic Disease/drug therapy
• Animals
• Psoralea/chemistry
• Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
• Disease Management

• Native American
• flaxseed
• glucose metabolism
• postmenopausal

• R03-AG16487-01 NIH HHS

• Parkinson's disease
• cancer
• immune system
• isoflavones
• lignans
• osteoporosis
• phenylpropanoid pathway
• phytoestrogens
• reproduction

• Phytoestrogens/pharmacology
• Phytoestrogens/chemistry
• Humans
• Animals
• Osteoporosis/drug therapy
• Flavonoids/pharmacology
• Flavonoids/chemistry
• Neoplasms/drug therapy
• Isoflavones/pharmacology
• Isoflavones/chemistry

• Biochanin A
• glycation
• human serum albumin
• methylglyoxal

• Animals
• Humans
• Diet
• Animal Feed/analysis
• Nutritional Status
• Amino Acids
• Plant Proteins

• Alzheimer's disease
• Clinical trials
• Flavonoids
• Natural products
• Neuroprotection

• Soybean
• meta-analysis
• precision medicine
• soy isoflavone

• Humans
• Glycine max
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
• Precision Medicine
• Isoflavones
• Dietary Proteins

Over the past several decades, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been considered a global public health concern. Currently, various therapeutic modalities are available for T2DM management, including dietary modifications, moderate exercise, and use of hypoglycemic agents and lipid-lowering medications. Although the curative effect of most drugs on T2DM is significant, they also exert some adverse side effects. Biologically active substances found in natural medicines are important for T2DM treatment. Several recent studies have reported that active ingredients derived from traditional medicines or foods exert a therapeutic effect on T2DM. This review compiled important articles regarding the therapeutic effects of natural products and their active ingredients on islet β cell function, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Additionally, this review provided an in-depth understanding of the multiple regulatory effects on different targets and signaling pathways of natural medicines in the treatment of T2DM as well as a theoretical basis for clinical effective application.

• Type 2 diabetes
• Natural product
• β cell
• Adipose tissue inflammation
• Insulin resistance

• aglycone
• isoflavone
• lactic acid bacteria
• menopause
• probiotics
• soybean germ extract

• Rats
• Animals
• Female
• Humans
• Soybeans
• Lactobacillus gasseri
• Quality of Life
• Menopause
• Plant Extracts/pharmacology
• Body Weight

• 32136-05-1-SB010 Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
• S2840641 the Technological Innovtion R&D Program funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS, Korea)

• Animal model
• dyslipidemia
• fat liver
• hyperglycaemia
• oxidative stress

• Animals
• Humans
• Male
• Mice
• Diet, High-Fat
• Dietary Fats/metabolism
• Liver/metabolism
• Metabolic Syndrome/etiology
• Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
• Obesity/etiology
• Obesity/metabolism
• RNA, Messenger/genetics
• RNA, Messenger/metabolism
• Sugars/metabolism

• Nrf2-ARE pathway
• chemoprevention
• chronic disease
• phytochemicals

• Genistein
• Polycystic ovary syndrome
• Systematic review

This study aims to determine the associations of dietary patterns with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–17 in 2016–2017. Using the data from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers in 2016–2017, the sociodemographic information, diet, anthropometric measurements and clinical examinations of subjects were obtained, and a total of 13,071 school-aged children and adolescents were included in this study. The Cook criteria were used to define MetS and its components. Dietary intake was derived from 24-h dietary records for three consecutive days, combined with the weighing method. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. The associations of dietary patterns with MetS and its components were examined by logistic regression analysis. Consequently, five distinct dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis, and the relationships between dietary patterns with MetS and its components were observed. After adjusting for covariates, the animal product and vegetable patterns may have a positive association with MetS; the condiment pattern was positively associated with low HDL-C; the fruit and junk food patterns had positive relationships with MetS, abdominal obesity and high TG; the cereals and tubers pattern was positively associated with MetS, abdominal obesity, high TG and low HDL-C; the beans pattern was positively associated with high TG.

• China/epidemiology
• Diet/methods
• Female
• Humans
• Lactation
• Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology
• Mothers
• Obesity, Abdominal
• Risk Factors

• Bio-safe
• Breast cancer
• Gold nanoparticle
• Phytochemicals
• Theragnostic

• Computer Simulation
• Equol
• Microfluidics
• Microwaves
• Water

• diabetes
• herbal products
• hyperglycemia
• obesity
• treatment

• Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
• Humans
• Hyperglycemia
• Insulin/therapeutic use
• Obesity/drug therapy

• R.G.P.2/146/43 King Khalid University

• Bisphenol
• Genistein
• Phthalate
• Phytoestrogen
• Steroid

• Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity
• Estrogen Receptor beta
• Humans
• Male
• Prostate
• Prostatic Neoplasms/chemically induced
• Receptors, Estrogen

• CIHR

• Dietary protein intake
• New-onset diabetes
• Quantity
• Variety
• different food sources

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system and has an important role in immunity. Obesity-induced inflammatory responses are triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) pathway signaling. Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), major dietary glucosinolates present in cruciferous vegetables, have been reported to produce anti-inflammatory effects on various diseases. However, the effects of PEITC and DIM on the obesity-induced inflammatory response in the spleen are unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of PEITC and DIM on the spleen and their mechanism in high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD)-fed C57BL/6 mice.

We established an animal model of HFCD-induced obesity using C57BL/6 mice. The mice were divided into six groups: normal diet with AIN-93G diet (CON), high fat diet (60% calories from fat) with 1% cholesterol (HFCD), HFCD with PEITC 30 mg/kg/day or 75 mg/kg/day (HFCD+P30, HFCD+P75), and HFCD with DIM 1.5 mg/kg/day or 7.5 mg/kg/day (HFCD+D1.5, HFCD+D7.5). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to analyze protein and mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, interleukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 in spleen tissue.

Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the HFCD group than in groups fed a HFCD with PEITC or DIM. Levels of NF-κB p65 protein and TLR2/4, MyD88, NF-κB p65, IL-6, and COX-2 mRNA were significantly higher in the HFCD group than in the CON group and were reduced by the PEITC and DIM supplements.

PEITC- and DIM-supplemented diets improved splenic inflammation by modulating the TLR2/4-MyD88 pathway in HFCD-fed mice. We suggest that dietary glucosinolates may at least partially improve obesity-induced inflammation of the spleen.

• Glucosinolates
• Toll-like receptors
• inflammation
• obesity
• spleen

• T2DM
• herbal extracts
• natural medicine
• nutrients

• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
• Humans
• Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
• Phytochemicals
• Prediabetic State/drug therapy

• cardiovascular risk
• diabetes
• meta-analysis
• soy
• systematic review

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing rapidly worldwide. A healthy diet supporting the control of energy intake and body weight has major importance in the prevention of T2D. For example, a high intake of whole grain foods (WGF) has been shown to be inversely associated with risk for T2D. The objective of the study was to estimate the expected health economic impacts of increased WGF consumption to decrease the incidence of T2D in the Finnish adult population. A health economic model utilizing data from multiple national databases and published scientific literature was constructed to estimate these population-level health economic consequences. Among the adult Finnish population, increased WGF consumption could reduce T2D-related costs between 286€ and 989€ million during the next 10-year time horizon depending on the applied scenario (i.e., a 10%-unit increase in a proportion of daily WGF users, an increased number (i.e., two or more) of WGF servings a day, or alternatively a combination of these scenarios). Over the next 20–30 years, a population-wide increase in WGF consumption could lead to much higher benefits. Furthermore, depending on the applied scenario, between 1323 and 154,094 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) could be gained at the population level due to decreased T2D-related morbidity and mortality during the next 10 to 30 years. The results indicate that even when the current level of daily WGF consumption is already at a relatively high-level in a global context, increased WGF consumption could lead to important health gains and savings in the Finnish adult population.

• cost saving analysis
• diabetes
• healthcare costs
• nutrition economics
• quality-adjusted life years
• whole grains

• Adult
• Cohort Studies
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/economics
• Feeding Behavior
• Finland
• Health Care Costs
• Humans
• Markov Chains
• Probability
• Quality-Adjusted Life Years
• Whole Grains

• anti-inflammatory
• antimicrobial
• antioxidant
• antiviral
• bioactive peptides
• diabetes
• obesity

• 2018007551 National Research Foundation of Korea
• 4299990913942 Brain Korea (B.K.) 21 Plus Project
• GDOU2017052603 Enhancing School with Innovation of Guangdong Ocean University
• 2019KCXTD011 Guangdong Innovation and Research Team of Seafood Green Processing Technology
• R20048 Scientific Research Start-Up Funds of Guangdong Ocean University

• combination therapy
• molecular mechanisms
• natural therapeutic products
• pharmaceutical drugs
• treatment
• type 2 diabetes mellitus

• VEGA 1/0505/18 Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky
• VEGA 1/0444/20 Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky
• KEGA 041UKF-4/2020 Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky

This study was designed to examine the association of soy isoflavones (SI) intake with different body measurements indicative of obesity in Chinese adults of Shanghai, a population consuming foods rich in SI. This study used baseline data from the Shanghai Gaofeng cohort study. SI intake was measured by using a self-reported food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was performed to examine the possible nonlinear relationship of SI intake with obesity. A logistic regression model was applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared with the lowest tertile group of SI intake, the highest tertile group had a lower prevalence of obesity and central obesity. The OR for overall obesity was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.98) in the highest versus the lowest SI tertile group; the associations differed by sex and menopausal status. A negative association was also observed between SI intake and central obesity, and a significant modifying effect of sex was found on the association. No significant interactions were observed between SI intake and physical activity (PA) levels. Our results suggest that Chinese adults with higher dietary intake of SI may be less likely to be obese, particularly for postmenopausal women.

• Chinese adults
• body measurements
• interaction
• obesity
• soy isoflavones

The phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) may interfere with permanent morphological changes in the brain circuits sensitive to estrogen. Due to the frequent use of soy milk in the neonatal diet, we aimed to study the effects of early GEN exposure on some physiological and reproductive parameters. Mice of both sexes from PND1 to PND8 were treated with GEN (50 mg/kg body weight, comparable to the exposure level in babies fed with soy-based formulas). When adult, we observed, in GEN-treated females, an advanced pubertal onset and an altered estrous cycle, and, in males, a decrease of testicle weight and fecal testosterone concentration. Furthermore, we observed an increase in body weight and altered plasma concentrations of metabolic hormones (leptin, ghrelin, triiodothyronine) limited to adult females. Exposure to GEN significantly altered kisspeptin and POMC immunoreactivity only in females and orexin immunoreactivity in both sexes. In conclusion, early postnatal exposure of mice to GEN determines long-term sex-specific organizational effects. It impairs the reproductive system and has an obesogenic effect only in females, which is probably due to the alterations of neuroendocrine circuits controlling metabolism; thus GEN, should be classified as a metabolism disrupting chemical.

• POMC
• dimorphism
• endocrine disruptor
• kisspeptin
• obesity
• orexin
• phytoestrogens

• Blood pressure
• Body mass index
• Cholesterol
• Flaxseed
• Hypertension

Ionizing radiation from telluric sources is unceasingly an unprotected pitfall to humans. Thus, the foremost contributors to human exposure are global and medical radiations. Various evidences assembled during preceding years reveal the pertinent role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative insults, such as Parkinson’s disease, which have been contributing to increased proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species.

This review delineates the role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and proposes novel therapeutic interventions of flavonoid family, offering effective management and slowing down the progression of Parkinson’s disease.

Published papers were searched in MEDLINE, PubMed, etc., published to date for in-depth database collection.

The oxidative damage may harm the non-targeted cells. It can also modulate the functions of the central nervous system, such as protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, increased levels of oxidized lipids, and dopaminergic cell death, which accelerate the progression of Parkinson’s disease at the molecular, cellular, or tissue levels. In Parkinson’s disease, reactive oxygen species exacerbate the production of nitric oxides and superoxides by activated microglia, rendering death of dopaminergic neuronal cell through different mechanisms.

Rising interest has extensively engrossed in the clinical trial designs based on the plant-derived family of antioxidants. They are known to exert multifarious impact on neuroprotection via directly suppressing ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production or indirectly increasing the dopamine levels and activating the glial cells.

• Parkinson's disease; Ionizing radiation; Oxidative stress; ROS; Flavonoids; Antioxidants

Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds. Their structure is similar to 17-β-estradiol, the main female sex hormone. This review offers a concise summary of the current literature on several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, mainly their neuroprotective effect. Phytoestrogens lower the risk of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, as well as cardiovascular disease. They also reduce the risk of brain disease. The effects of phytoestrogens and their derivatives on cancer are mainly due to the inhibition of estrogen synthesis and metabolism, leading to antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and epigenetic effects. The brain controls the secretion of estrogen (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis). However, it has not been unequivocally established whether estrogen therapy has a neuroprotective effect on brain function. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens seem to be related to both their antioxidant properties and interaction with the estrogen receptor. The possible effects of phytoestrogens on the thyroid cause some concern; nevertheless, generally, no serious side effects have been reported, and these compounds can be recommended as health-promoting food components or supplements.

• isoflavones
• neuroprotective effect
• phytoestrogens

• Adipose tissue
• Aging
• Cancer
• Inflammation
• Lifestyle interventions
• Obesity
• Oxidative stress
• Pharmacological interventions

• Cancer recurrence
• Coffee
• Post-diagnostic lifestyle
• Survivorship
• Tea

• EsNuPI study
• Spanish children
• dairy products
• dietary animal protein
• dietary plant protein
• dietary proteins
• food sources
• fortified milk
• pediatric nutrition
• proteins

• Child
• Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
• Child, Preschool
• Cohort Studies
• Diet/methods
• Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage
• Energy Intake
• Family
• Female
• Humans
• Infant
• Male
• Nutrition Surveys/methods
• Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data
• Recommended Dietary Allowances
• Spain

• 0 Insituto Puleva de Nutrición (IPN)

• circadian rhythms
• gut brain axis
• isoflavones
• metabolism
• microbiome
• obesity

• Adipocytes/pathology
• Adipogenesis/drug effects
• Adipogenesis/physiology
• Administration, Oral
• Animals
• Body Weight
• DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
• Diet
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
• Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
• Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
• Isoflavones/administration & dosage
• Isoflavones/pharmacology
• Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
• Lipid Metabolism/physiology
• Male
• Mice, Inbred C57BL
• Obesity/etiology
• Photoperiod
• Mice

• Office of Naval Research
• Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine

Isoflavones are phenolic compounds with a chemical structure similar to that of estradiol. They are present in several vegetables, mainly in legumes such as soy, white and red clover, alfalfa and beans. The most significant food source of isoflavones in humans is soy-derived products. Isoflavones could be used as an alternative therapy for pathologies dependent on hormonal disorders such as breast and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, as well as to minimize menopausal symptoms. According to the results gathered in the present review, it can be stated that there is scientific evidence showing the beneficial effect of isoflavones on bone health and thus in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis on postmenopausal women, although the results do not seem entirely conclusive as there are discrepancies among the studies, probably related to their experimental designs. For this reason, the results should be interpreted with caution, and more randomized clinical trials are required. By contrast, it seems that soy isoflavones do not lead to a meaningful protective effect on cardiovascular risk. Regarding cancer, scientific evidence suggests that isoflavones could be useful in reducing the risk of suffering some types of cancer, such as breast and endometrial cancer, but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Finally, isoflavones could be useful in reducing hot flushes associated with menopause. However, a limitation in this field is that there is still a great heterogeneity among studies. Lastly, with regard to isoflavone consumption safety, it seems that they are safe and that the most common adverse effect is mild and occurs at the gastrointestinal level.

• bone health
• cancer
• cardiovascular risk
• flavonoids
• isoflavones
• menopausal symptoms
• phytoestrogens
• soy

• Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
• Female
• Hot Flashes/prevention & control
• Humans
• Isoflavones/pharmacology
• Male
• Neoplasms/prevention & control
• Osteoporosis/prevention & control

In recent years, there is emerging evidence that isoflavonoids, either dietary or obtained from traditional medicinal plants, could play an important role as a supplementary drug in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their reported pronounced biological effects in relation to multiple metabolic factors associated with diabetes. Hence, in this regard, we have comprehensively reviewed the potential biological effects of isoflavonoids, particularly biochanin A, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and formononetin on metabolic disorders and long-term complications induced by T2DM in order to understand whether they can be future candidates as a safe antidiabetic agent. Based on in-depth in vitro and in vivo studies evaluations, isoflavonoids have been found to activate gene expression through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (α, γ), modulate carbohydrate metabolism, regulate hyperglycemia, induce dyslipidemia, lessen insulin resistance, and modify adipocyte differentiation and tissue metabolism. Moreover, these natural compounds have also been found to attenuate oxidative stress through the oxidative signaling process and inflammatory mechanism. Hence, isoflavonoids have been envisioned to be able to prevent and slow down the progression of long-term diabetes complications including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Further thoroughgoing investigations in human clinical studies are strongly recommended to obtain the optimum and specific dose and regimen required for supplementation with isoflavonoids and derivatives in diabetic patients.

• biochanin A
• daidzein
• diabetes complications
• formononetin
• genistein
• glycitein
• isoflavonoids
• mechanism of action
• type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Animals
• Biological Availability
• Biomarkers
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
• Dietary Supplements
• Humans
• Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
• Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
• Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
• Isoflavones/chemistry
• Isoflavones/pharmacology
• Isoflavones/therapeutic use
• Metabolic Networks and Pathways
• Molecular Targeted Therapy
• Phytochemicals/chemistry
• Phytochemicals/pharmacology
• Phytochemicals/therapeutic use
• Polyphenols/chemistry
• Polyphenols/pharmacology
• Polyphenols/therapeutic use
• Structure-Activity Relationship

The ovariectomized rat is a widely used preclinical model for studying postmenopausal and its complications. In this study, the therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil on the ovariectomized adult rats was investigated. Our results showed that biochemical parameters including calcium, oestrogen and progesterone levels increase 8 weeks after ovariectomy in rats. Also, the amount of alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly after 8 weeks compared with the OVX rat. The healing potential of flaxseed oil was proven by successfully recovering the affected tissue and preventing the unpleasant symptoms of ovariectomized rats. The biological effects of flaxseed oil may be due to high amounts of fatty acids, phytoestrogens and an array of antioxidants. The results suggest that flaxseed oil can mimic the action of oestrogen and can be a potential treatment for hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

• flaxseed oil
• medicinal plants
• ovariectomy
• phytoestrogens
• polyunsaturated fatty acids