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Hu JJ, Deng F, Sun QS, Xiong QM, Min Y, Feng SY, Lin ZB, Chen PH, Hu Z, Wu L, Chen XF, Xie S, Liu WF, Li C, Liu KX. Time-restricted feeding protects against septic liver injury by reshaping gut microbiota and metabolite 3-hydroxybutyrate. Gut Microbes 2025; 17:2486515. [PMID: 40223164 PMCID: PMC12005432 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2486515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is an independent risk factor for multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality in patients with sepsis. However, the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for sepsis-associated liver injury have not been fully elucidated. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a promising dietary regime, but its role in septic liver injury remains unknown. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Q200 targeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, germ-free mice, Hmgcs2/Lpin1 gene knockout mice, and Aml12 cells experiments, we revealed that TRF can mitigate septic liver injury by modulating the gut microbiota, particularly by increasing Lactobacillus murinus (L. murinus) abundance, which was significantly reduced in septic mice. Further study revealed that live L. murinus could markedly elevate serum levels of metabolite 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) and alleviate sepsis-related injury, while the knockout of the key enzyme for 3-HB synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2, Hmgcs2) in the liver negated this protective effect. Additionally, serum 3-HB levels were significantly positively correlated with L. murinus abundance and negatively correlated with liver injury indicators in septic patients, demonstrating a strong predictive value for septic liver injury (AUC = 0.8429). Mechanistically, 3-HB significantly inhibited hepatocyte ferroptosis by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/LPIN1 pathway, reducing ACSL4, MDA, LPO, and Fe2+ levels. This study demonstrates that TRF reduces septic liver injury by modulating gut microbiota to increase L. murinus, which elevates 3-HB to activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR/LPIN1 and inhibit hepatocyte ferroptosis. Overall, this study elucidates the protective mechanism of TRF against septic liver injury and identifies 3-HB as a potential therapeutic target and predictive biomarker, thereby providing new insights into the clinical management and diagnosis of septic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Juan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Shun Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Ming Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yue Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Yuan Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng-Han Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sun Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Feng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke-Xuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Anesthesia and Perioperative Organ Protection, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lakhani HA, Biswas D, Kuruvila M, Chava MS, Raj K, Varghese JT, Swathi NL. Intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction for glycemic control and weight loss in type 2 diabetes: A traditional review. Prim Care Diabetes 2025; 19:203-213. [PMID: 40000314 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2025.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/10/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represents a major global health issue, with its incidence anticipated to increase markedly in the forthcoming decades. Efficient non-pharmacological therapies, especially dietary approaches, are essential for regulating glycemic control and facilitating weight reduction. Intermittent Fasting (IF) and Continuous Caloric Restriction (CCR) are two well researched methodologies, but their relative effectiveness and enduring advantages continue to be topics of active discussion. This review systematically assesses and contrasts the impacts of intermittent fasting (IF) and continuous calorie restriction (CCR) on glycemic regulation and weight reduction in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), highlighting their short-term and long-term effects, safety profiles, and adherence rates. A thorough literature analysis was performed utilizing PubMed and Google Scholar, concentrating on papers published from 2000 to 2024. The review encompassed randomized controlled trials and observational studies that investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and continuous calorie restriction (CCR) on glycemic indicators (HbA1c, fasting glucose) and body weight. IF shown substantial short-term advantages, encompassing marked decreases in HbA1c levels, fasting glucose, and body weight. Mechanistic discoveries emphasized better insulin sensitivity, augmented fat metabolism, and autophagy as key aspects. In contrast, CCR was linked to enduring metabolic enhancements, including decreased visceral fat and improved insulin sensitivity. Nevertheless, both dietary approaches demonstrated constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairya Ajaykumar Lakhani
- Internal medicine, Smt. B.K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Waghodia Road, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.
| | - Deepanwita Biswas
- Internal medicine, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth, Dhankawadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411043, India
| | - Mahima Kuruvila
- Internal medicine, Caribbean Medical University School of Medicine, 5600 N River Rd #800, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA
| | - Manisha Sai Chava
- Internal medicine, Kakatiya Medical College, Rangampet street, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India
| | - Kshitij Raj
- Internal medicine, Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Joel Thomas Varghese
- Internal Medicine, Rak medical and health sciences university, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - N L Swathi
- Pharm D, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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3
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Liu F, Zhang Z, Sun W, Li T. The metabolic effects of intermittent fasting in patients with type 2 diabetes exist in the short term but disappear after its discontinuation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res 2025; 138:135-150. [PMID: 40367729 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2025] [Accepted: 04/15/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to determine the short- (< 3 months) and long-term (≥ 3 months) metabolic effects of IF in patients with type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that IF is non-inferior to other dietary control methods (including continuous energy restriction, standard diet, Mediterranean diet and ad libitum diet) in terms of both short-term and long-term metabolic impacts in patients with type 2 diabetes. We searched for studies in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library until August 20, 2023. Studies with non-type 2 diabetes patients, interventions other than IF, no control group, or non-randomized clinical trial designs were excluded. A meta-analysis was then conducted with a random effects model. The Risk of Bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB 2). 12 articles with a total of 966 participants were included. IF significantly decreased glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.64, -0.22; P = 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (SMD: -0.73; 95% CI: -0.92, -0.54; P < 0.00001) and body weight (SMD: -1.11; 95% CI: -1.92, -0.31; P = 0.007) in the short term compared to control interventions, but showed a similar effect to control interventions in the long term. Substantial heterogeneity existed among our studies. Over the intervention period, long-term IF may safely and feasibly help patients with type 2 diabetes effectively manage blood sugar and reduce body weight, but the metabolic benefits of IF don't endure after its discontinuation. Therefore, continual long-term IF may provide more lasting metabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Liu
- Public health School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhengxin Zhang
- Public health School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Public health School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Public health School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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4
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Chang YJ, Turner L, Teong XT, Zhao L, Variji A, Wittert GA, Thompkins S, Vincent AD, Grosser L, Young MJ, Blake S, Panda S, Manoogian ENC, Banks S, Heilbronn LK, Hutchison AT. Comparing the effectiveness of calorie restriction with and without time-restricted eating on the circadian regulation of metabolism: rationale and protocol of a three-arm randomised controlled trial in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes. Nutr Res 2025; 138:33-44. [PMID: 40288139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/29/2025]
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) may extend the cardiometabolic health benefits of calorie restriction (CR). However, few studies have compared its effect on the circadian regulation of glucose metabolism and the optimal time of day to initiate TRE is also unclear. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of CR with and without TRE on glucose tolerance in response to 3 identical meals consumed over the day. A parallel, single-blinded, 3-arm randomised controlled trial will be conducted in 114 adults, aged 35 to 75 years with a BMI ≥25.1 but <45.0 kg/m2, elevated waist circumference and fasting blood glucose (≥5.6 mmol/L), and who score ≥12 on the Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment tool. Participants will be stratified by sex and fasting blood glucose (≤6.0 mmol/L; >6.0 mmol/L) and then randomised (1:1:1) to CR (unrestricted meal timing), eCR (0800 to 1600) or dCR (1200-2000) for 8 weeks. The primary outcome is the change in the natural logarithm of the mean over 3 identical meals of the postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC). The analysis will be performed using a covariate adjusted linear regression of the differences in postprandial glucose log AUC at 8 weeks from baseline. This randomised clinical trial will be the first to delineate the benefits of CR alone or in combination with time restricted eating on postprandial glucose metabolism over the day in adults at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Chang
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Laurent Turner
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Xiao Tong Teong
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Athena Variji
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Andrew D Vincent
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Linda Grosser
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Blake
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Siobhan Banks
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
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Bensalem J, Teong XT, Hattersley KJ, Hein LK, Fourrier C, Dang LVP, Singh S, Liu K, Wittert GA, Hutchison AT, Heilbronn LK, Sargeant TJ. Intermittent time-restricted eating may increase autophagic flux in humans: an exploratory analysis. J Physiol 2025. [PMID: 40345145 DOI: 10.1113/jp287938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Abstract
Autophagy slows age-related pathologies and is stimulated by nutrient restriction in animal studies. However, this has never been shown in humans. We measured autophagy using a physiologically relevant measure of autophagic flux (flux of MAP1LC3B isoform II/LC3B-II in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the context of whole blood) in 121 humans with obesity who were randomised to standard care (SC, control condition), calorie restriction (CR) or intermittent fasting plus time-restricted eating (iTRE) for 6 months. While the differences in change from baseline between groups was not significant at 2 months, we observed a significant difference in change from baseline between iTRE compared to SC at 6 months (P = 0.04, post hoc analysis). This effect may be driven partly by a tendency for autophagy to decrease in the SC group. The difference in change from baseline between CR and SC was not significant. Uncorrected analysis of correlations showed a negative relationship between change in autophagy and change in blood triglycerides. Data on the specificity and performance of the methods used to measure human autophagy are also presented. This shows autophagy may be increased by intermittent nutrient restriction in humans. If so, this is a demonstration that nutrient restriction can be used to improve a primary hallmark of biological ageing and provides a mechanism for how fasting could delay the onset of age-related disease. KEY POINTS: Autophagy slows biological ageing, and dysfunction of autophagy has been implicated in age-related disease - an effective way of increasing autophagy in cells and animal models is nutrient restriction. However, the impact of different types of nutrient restriction on physiological autophagic flux in humans has not been extensively researched. Here we measure the effect of intermittent time-restricted eating (iTRE) and calorie restriction on physiological autophagic flux in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After 6 months, there was a significant difference in change from baseline between the iTRE and the standard care control group, with flux being higher in the iTRE group at this timepoint. However, there was no significant increase from baseline within the iTRE group, showing that although autophagy may be modified by nutrient restriction in humans, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bensalem
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiao Tong Teong
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Hattersley
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne K Hein
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Célia Fourrier
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Linh V P Dang
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sanjna Singh
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kai Liu
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Wittert
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Aktaş H, Atakan MM, Aktitiz S, Ergün Z, Koşar ŞN, Astorino TA, Turnagöl HH. Six weeks of time-restricted eating improves basal fat oxidation and body composition but not fat oxidation during exercise in young males. Clin Nutr 2025; 50:92-103. [PMID: 40382896 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2025] [Accepted: 04/20/2025] [Indexed: 05/20/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a type of intermittent fasting, requiring individuals to limit their eating timeframe to specific hours in the day, while maintaining a fasting period greater than 12 h. Fat oxidation (FOx) is a critical determinant in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, with impaired FOx contributing to conditions such as insulin resistance and obesity, whereas enhanced FOx is associated with improved metabolic health. However, the impact of the 16:8 TRE model on FOx remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a 6-week TRE on resting and exercise substrate oxidation, body composition, and blood markers related to metabolic health. METHODS Thirty-three healthy, young males (age: 27.5 ± 6 years, body mass: 76.5 ± 8.4 kg, maximal oxygen uptake [V˙O2max]: 43.9 ± 6.6 mL·kg-1·min-1) were assigned to either TRE (n = 16) or control group (n = 17), with efforts to match baseline characteristics, including V˙O2max and body composition. The TRE group followed a 16:8 program for 6 weeks, while controls maintained their existing dietary habits. Body composition, blood glucose, insulin, blood lipids, resting substrate oxidation, and FOx during cycling at 40 % V˙O2max were assessed before and after the 6-week period. Data were analyzed using both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol approaches. RESULTS Thirty-three participants were included in the ITT analysis, while 31 participants were included in the per-protocol analysis. Compared to baseline, results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between TRE and control groups in body mass (TRE versus control) (Δ = -2.8 kg versus Δ = 0.7 kg), fat mass (Δ = -1.4 kg versus Δ = 0.4 kg), percent body fat (-1.7 % versus 0.4 %), lean mass (Δ = -1.4 kg versus Δ = 0.3 kg), and visceral adipose tissue mass (Δ = -39.7 g versus Δ = 46.4 g). There was a significant difference between TRE and control groups in resting respiratory exchange ratio (RER, Δ = -0.02 versus Δ = 0.02; p = 0.016), FOx (Δ = 0.33 mg·kg FFM-1·min-1versus Δ = -0.37 mg·kg FFM-1·min-1; p = 0.007), and carbohydrate oxidation (Δ = -0.39 mg·kg FFM-1·min-1versus Δ = 0.45 mg·kg FFM-1·min-1; p = 0.037) after the 6-week period. Exercise substrate oxidation and fasting blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not significantly change over time in either group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, a 6-week TRE significantly reduces body mass, fat mass, and resting RER as well as increases resting FOx in young, healthy males. However, it does not affect blood markers related to cardiometabolic health or exercise substrate oxidation. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06498102asNCT06498102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hale Aktaş
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Selin Aktitiz
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Ergün
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Şükran N Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University-San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Hüseyin H Turnagöl
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye.
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7
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Zhao Y, Jia M, Ding C, Bao B, Li H, Ma J, Dong W, Gao R, Chen X, Chen J, Dai X, Zou Y, Hu J, Shi L, Liu X, Liu Z. Time-restricted feeding mitigates Alzheimer's disease-associated cognitive impairments via a B. pseudolongum-propionic acid-FFAR3 axis. IMETA 2025; 4:e70006. [PMID: 40236783 PMCID: PMC11995186 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.70006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) holds promise for alleviating cognitive decline in aging, albeit the precise mechanism via the gut-brain axis remains elusive. In a clinical trial, we observed, for the first time, that a 4-month TRF ameliorated cognitive impairments among Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Experiments in 5xFAD mice corroborated the gut microbiota-dependent effect of TRF on mitigating cognitive dysfunction, amyloid-beta deposition, and neuroinflammation. Multi-omics integration linked Bifidobacterium pseudolongum (B. pseudolongum) and propionic acid (PA) with key genes in AD pathogenesis. Oral supplementation of B. pseudolongum or PA mimicked TRF's protective effects. Positron emission tomography imaging confirmed PA's blood-brain barrier penetration, while knockdown of the free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3) diminished TRF's cognitive benefits. Notably, we observed a positive correlation between fecal PA and improved cognitive function in an AD cohort, further indicating that TRF enhanced PA production. These findings highlight the microbiota-metabolites-brain axis as pivotal in TRF's cognitive benefits, proposing B. pseudolongum or PA as potential AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihang Zhao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Chen Ding
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Bingkun Bao
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Hangqi Li
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jiabin Ma
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Weixuan Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rui Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Jiao Chen
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | | | | | - Jun Hu
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Lin Shi
- Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Zhigang Liu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
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8
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Mattson MP. The cyclic metabolic switching theory of intermittent fasting. Nat Metab 2025; 7:665-678. [PMID: 40087409 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-025-01254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) and ketogenic diets (KDs) have recently attracted much attention in the scientific literature and in popular culture and follow a longer history of exercise and caloric restriction (CR) research. Whereas IF involves cyclic metabolic switching (CMS) between ketogenic and non-ketogenic states, KDs and CR may not. In this Perspective, I postulate that the beneficial effects of IF result from alternating between activation of adaptive cellular stress response pathways during the fasting period, followed by cell growth and plasticity pathways during the feeding period. Thereby, I establish the cyclic metabolic switching (CMS) theory of IF. The health benefits of IF may go beyond those seen with continuous CR or KDs without CMS owing to the unique interplay between the signalling functions of the ketone β-hydroxybutyrate, mitochondrial adaptations, reciprocal activation of autophagy and mTOR pathways, endocrine and paracrine signalling, gut microbiota, and circadian biology. The CMS theory may have important implications for future basic research, clinical trials, development of pharmacological interventions, and healthy lifestyle practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Alfahl SO. Evaluation of the effectiveness of intermittent fasting versus caloric restriction in weight loss and improving cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2025; 20:159-168. [PMID: 40130017 PMCID: PMC11930668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2025.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary interventions, particularly intermittent fasting (IF) and energy restriction (ER), have emerged as effective strategies for managing weight. Objective We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the effects of IF and ER on body weight and cardiometabolic factors. Methods PRISMA compliant methods were used, and PubMed and the Cochrane CENTRAL Library were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from database inception to September 27, 2023. A bibliographic and gray literature search was also performed to identify unpublished literature. Effect sizes were pooled with random effects models in the R package "meta" and are reported as mean differences with 95 % confidence intervals. The quality of the included studies was assessed with The Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool. Results A total of 2931 records were identified through a database search. The study included 17 publications: 16 RCTs identified after two stages of screening and an additional publication identified from a bibliographic search. All trials were published between 2011 and 2022, and included a total of 1258 participants (24-209 per study). Pooled analysis revealed that IF led to a more significant decrease in BMI than ER (-0.44 [-0.88 to -0.01]; p < 0.01). Additionally, IF resulted in a slightly greater, but statistically nonsignificant, decrease in weight, triglyceride levels, fasting plasma glucose, and diastolic blood pressure than ER. However, similar decreases in SBP, LDL, and HDL levels were observed between IF and ER, which showed no major differences. The ER group experienced a higher frequency of headaches than the IF group, whereas the IF group reported a greater occurrence of dizziness than the ER group. Conclusion IF appears to be slightly advantageous over ER in terms of body weight, cardiometabolic factors, and plasma glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah O. Alfahl
- Department of Family and Community Medicine and Medical Education, Medical College, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Ranjbar M, Shab-Bidar S, Mohammadi H, Djafarian K. Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Liver Function Tests: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutr Rev 2025; 83:e965-e979. [PMID: 38917447 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Intermittent fasting (IF) is a diet strategy with alternate intervals of calorie reduction and normal eating. Despite its beneficial effects on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors, the effect of IF on liver function tests (LFTs) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of IF on LFTs through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. DATA SOURCES An electronic search was performed using predefined search terms in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until February 2023. DATA EXTRACTION The studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed for the randomized controlled trials. DATA ANALYSIS The results of this study are reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% CIs. Fourteen RCTs were included in the meta-analysis, with a total sample size of 908. IF significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (WMD: -2.88, 95% CI: -4.72 to -1.04, P-value = .002) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (WMD: -1.67, 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.22, P-value = .024). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the impact of IF was significant in both the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the healthy groups for ALT. The effects of IF on the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level were significant (WMD: -3.19, 95% CI: -6.00 to -0.39, P-value = .026), but there were no significant changes in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level (WMD: 1.06, 95% CI: -0.23 to 2.34, P-value = .106). Furthermore, no substantial heterogeneity between studies was reported. CONCLUSION IF can improve ALT, AST, and GGT levels but not ALP enzyme levels and may have a benefit on liver function. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023396211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 4395-578, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6117, Iran
- Neuroscience Institute, Sports Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 4395-578, Iran
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11
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Hamsho M, Shkorfu W, Ranneh Y, Fadel A. Is isocaloric intermittent fasting superior to calorie restriction? A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2025; 35:103805. [PMID: 39732588 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/20/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Intermittent fasting (IF) has been demonstrated to enhance human health through several mechanisms. However, it is still unclear whether those health benefits are independent of caloric restriction (CR)-induced weight loss. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare isocaloric IF and CR regarding anthropometric measurements, adherence, metabolic profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines in adults and elderlies. METHODS AND RESULTS Comprehensive research was conducted usin four major databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar without date restriction. Mean differences of the change from baseline ± change SD were calculated as the differences between IF and CR groups. Subgroup analysis was performed according to intervention duration (short-, medium-, and long-term). To determine the reliability of our findings, GRADE assessment was performed. As a result, 20 RCTs were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. IF groups had significant reductions in fat mass (kg) (P = 0.006) and Interleukin-6 (P < 0.00001) in the short term and fat mass (%) (P = 0.0002), waist circumference (P = 0.005), fasting blood insulin (P < 0.00001) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.04) in the long term. CR groups had significantly lower hunger (P = 0.003), fatigue (P = 0.04), and TG (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS IF may be an effective alternative to CR but is not superior to CR in enhancing human health. Due to the low number of long-term studies, future studies should focus on conducting longitudinal randomized trials comparing IF and CR in different populations, age groups, and IF patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hamsho
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Wijdan Shkorfu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Yazan Ranneh
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdulmannan Fadel
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 1555, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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12
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Huang S, Sun J, Shen C, He G. Dietary and nutritional interventions for human diseases: their modulatory effects on ferroptosis. Food Funct 2025; 16:1186-1204. [PMID: 39866046 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo05606j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
A balanced diet is essential for maintaining human health. Increasing evidence suggests that dietary and nutritional interventions contribute to disease management and are associated with reduced healthcare costs and economic burden. Ferroptosis, a novel type of regulated cell death (RCD) driven by lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be involved in various pathological conditions, including diabetes, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, inflammation-related diseases, and cancer. Therefore, specifically targeting the uncontrolled ferroptosis process may offer new therapeutic opportunities. Of note, certain interventions, such as small-molecule compounds, natural products, herbal medicines, and non-pharmacological approaches, have been reported to prevent and treat multiple human diseases by reversing the dysregulation of ferroptosis. In this review, we present the key molecular mechanisms that regulate ferroptosis. Importantly, interventions targeting ferroptosis are summarized from the perspective of dietary patterns, food and nutrients. By understanding these advances, innovative ideas can be provided for individualized dietary interventions and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiong Huang
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Ji Sun
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
| | - Chaozan Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Gefei He
- The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China.
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13
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Tang SS, Zhao XF, An XD, Sun WJ, Kang XM, Sun YT, Jiang LL, Gao Q, Li ZH, Ji HY, Lian FM. Classification and identification of risk factors for type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2025; 16:100371. [PMID: 39959280 PMCID: PMC11718467 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i2.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been increasingly researched, but the lack of systematic identification and categorization makes it difficult for clinicians to quickly and accurately access and understand all the risk factors, which are categorized in this paper into five categories: Social determinants, lifestyle, checkable/testable risk factors, history of illness and medication, and other factors, which are discussed in a narrative review. Meanwhile, this paper points out the problems of the current research, helps to improve the systematic categorisation and practicality of T2DM risk factors, and provides a professional research basis for clinical practice and industry decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Fei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue-Dong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiao-Min Kang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu-Ting Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lin-Lin Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ze-Hua Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hang-Yu Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing 100053, China
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Andreone L. Neuroimmune axis: Linking environmental factors to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in Diabetes. Brain Behav Immun Health 2025; 43:100926. [PMID: 39810797 PMCID: PMC11732196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are specialized in secreting insulin in response to circulating nutrients, mainly glucose. Diabetes is one of the most prevalent endocrine-metabolic diseases characterized by an imbalance in glucose homeostasis, which result mainly from lack of insulin production (type 1 diabetes) or insufficient insulin and peripheral insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes), both influenced by genetic and environmental components. Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and islet inflammation are common characteristics of both types of the disease. Pancreatic islets are a highly innervated tissue whose function can be influenced by the brain, either directly through the autonomic nervous system or indirectly via neuroendocrine mechanisms. In addition, it is well-established that there is a fine-tuned communication between the immune and neuroendocrine tissues in maintaining endocrine pancreas homeostasis. Various psycho-social, physico-chemical and lifestyle environmental factors have been associated with diabetes risk. In this review, I briefly comment on certain aspects of the psycho-neuro-immune interactions that link environmental factors and the endocrine pancreas, leading to metabolic health or diabetes. Interdisciplinary research, embracing new and broader perspectives, should be conducted to explore strategies for preventing or slowing down the constant increase in diabetes worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Andreone
- Laboratory of Immuno-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), CONICET-Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Pilar, Argentina
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Stratton MT, Holden SL, Davis R, Massengale AT. The Impact of Breakfast Consumption or Omission on Exercise Performance and Adaptations: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2025; 17:300. [PMID: 39861430 PMCID: PMC11767684 DOI: 10.3390/nu17020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/10/2025] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast is often termed the most important meal of the day. However, its importance to acute and chronic adaptations to exercise is currently not well summarized throughout the literature. METHODS A narrative review of the experimental literature regarding breakfast consumption's impact on acute and chronic exercise performance and alterations in body composition prior to November 2024 was conducted. To be included in this review, the selected investigations needed to include some aspect of either endurance or resistance training performance and be conducted in humans. RESULTS These findings suggest that breakfast consumption may benefit acute long-duration (>60 min) but not short-duration (<60 min) morning endurance exercise. Evening time trial performance was consistently inhibited following breakfast omission despite the resumption of eating midday. No or minimal impact of breakfast consumption was found when examining acute morning or afternoon resistance training or the longitudinal adaptations to either resistance or endurance training. Favorable changes in body composition were often noted following the omission of breakfast. However, this was primarily driven by the concomitant reduced kilocalorie intake. CONCLUSIONS Consuming breakfast may aid endurance athletes regularly performing exercise lasting >60 min in length. However, the morning meal's impact on resistance training and changes in body composition appears to be minimal. Although, as the body of literature is limited, future investigations are needed to truly ascertain the dietary practice's impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Stratton
- Basic and Applied Laboratory for Dietary Interventions in Exercise and Sport, Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA; (S.L.H.); (R.D.); (A.T.M.)
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16
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Khalafi M, Rosenkranz SK, Ghasemi F, Kheradmand S, Habibi Maleki A, Korivi M, Tsao JP. Efficacy of intermittent fasting on improving liver function in individuals with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2025; 22:1. [PMID: 39762987 PMCID: PMC11706068 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 12/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting (IF) can be an effective dietary therapy for weight loss and improving cardiometabolic health. However, there is scant evidence regarding the role of IF on indicators of liver function, particularly in adults with metabolic disorders. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of IF on liver function in adults with metabolic disorders. METHODS Three primary electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched from inception to September 2024 to identify original studies that used IF interventions with or without control groups in adults with metabolic disorders. Inclusion criteria were (1) studies of human participants with metabolic diseases, (2) interventions that evaluated the effects of IF, (3) with or without a control group, and (4) measured liver fat, liver steatosis, liver fibrosis, or liver enzymes, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as primary outcomes. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q statistic and I-squared statistic (I2). Publication bias was assessed using the visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger's tests. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale and the NIH quality assessment tool. RESULTS A total 21 studies involving 1,226 participants with metabolic disorders were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, IF effectively decreased liver fat with a large effect size [SMD: -1.22 (95% CI: -1.63 to -0.80), p = 0.001], liver steatosis with a medium effect size [SMD: -0.73 (95% CI: -1.12 to -0.35), p = 0.001], ALT with a small effect size [SMD: -0.44 (95% CI: -0.58 to -0.30), p = 0.001], and AST with a small effect size [SMD: -0.30 (95% CI: -0.49 to -0.11), p = 0.001], but not liver fibrosis [SMD: -0.28 (95% CI: -0.59 to 0.02), p = 0.07]. Subgroup analyses showed that IF decreased liver fat and ALT significantly, independent of IF mode, participant age, health status, weight status, and intervention duration. IF significantly decreased liver fibrosis in those with obesity; and decreased AST following 5:2 diets, in middle-aged adults, adults with obesity, and regardless of health status or intervention duration. CONCLUSIONS IF seems to be an effective dietary therapy for improving liver function in adults with metabolic disorders, and many of liver function-related benefits occur regardless of IF mode, intervention duration, or participant health status. LIMITATIONS Significant heterogeneity, small numbers of studies and inclusion of non-randomized trials or single-group pre-post trials were the main limitation of our meta-analysis. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to elucidate the effects of IF on liver function in adults with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Faeghe Ghasemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Kheradmand
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Aref Habibi Maleki
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Institute of Human Movement and Sports Engineering, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jung-Piao Tsao
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Bruno J, Walker JM, Nasserifar S, Upadhyay D, Ronning A, Vanegas SM, Popp CJ, Barua S, Alemán JO. Weight-neutral early time-restricted eating improves glycemic variation and time in range without changes in inflammatory markers. iScience 2024; 27:111501. [PMID: 39759025 PMCID: PMC11699278 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2025] Open
Abstract
Early time-restricted eating (eTRE) is a dietary strategy that restricts caloric intake to the first 6-8 h of the day and can effect metabolic benefits independent of weight loss. However, the extent of these benefits is unknown. We conducted a randomized crossover feeding study to investigate the weight-independent effects of eTRE on glycemic variation, multiple time-in-range metrics, and levels of inflammatory markers. Ten adults with prediabetes were randomized to eTRE (8-h feeding window, 80% of calories consumed before 14:00 h) or usual feeding (50% of calories consumed after 16:00 h) for 1 week followed by crossover to the other schedule. Using continuous glucose monitoring, we showed that eTRE decreased glycemic variation (mean amplitude of glycemic excursion) and time in hyperglycemia greater than 140 mg/dL without affecting inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein). These data implicate eTRE as a candidate dietary intervention for the weight-independent management of dysglycemia in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Bruno
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Holman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Shabnam Nasserifar
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Holman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dhairya Upadhyay
- Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andrea Ronning
- The Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sally M. Vanegas
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Collin J. Popp
- Department of Population Health, Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Souptik Barua
- Division of Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - José O. Alemán
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Holman Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Kazeminasab F, Baharlooie M, Karimi B, Mokhtari K, Rosenkranz SK, Santos HO. Effects of intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1726-1740. [PMID: 38102800 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Different intermittent fasting (IF) protocols have been proven to be efficient in improving cardiometabolic markers, but further research is needed to examine whether or not combining IF regimens plus physical exercise is superior to control diets (ie, nonfasting eating) plus physical exercise in this setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether or not combining IF plus exercise interventions is more favorable than a control diet plus exercise for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes. DATA SOURCE PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched until April 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Electronic databases were searched for clinical trials that determined the effect of IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise on body weight, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). Analyses were conducted for IF plus exercise vs a nonfasting diet plus exercise to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs). DATA ANALYSIS The meta-analysis included a total of 14 studies, with a total sample of 360 adults with or without obesity. The duration ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. IF plus exercise decreased body weight (WMD = -1.83 kg; P = 0.001), LDL (WMD = -5.35 mg/dL; P = 0.03), and SBP (WMD = -2.99 mm Hg; P = 0.003) significantly more than a control diet plus exercise. HDL (WMD = 1.57 mg/dL; P = 0.4) and total cholesterol (WMD = -2.24 mg/dL; P = 0.3) did not change significantly for IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise, but there was a trend for reducing triglycerides (WMD = -13.13 mg/dL; P = 0.07) and DBP (WMD = 2.13 mm Hg; P = 0.05), which shows clinical magnitude. CONCLUSION IF plus exercise improved some cardiometabolic outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile) compared with a control diet plus exercise. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023423878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Baharlooie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Mokhtari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Maity D, Guha Ray P, Fussenegger M. Glucose-Operated Widget (GLOW) for Closed-Loop Optogenetic Glycemic Control. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2408537. [PMID: 39210629 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Closed-loop control systems for precise control of therapeutic gene expression are promising candidates for personalized treatment of chronic ailments such as diabetes. Pancreatic iβ-cells are engineered with blue-light-inducible melanopsin to drive rapid insulin release by vesicular secretion from intracellular stores. In this work, a glucose-operated widget (GLOW) is designed as a component of a closed-loop control system for diabetes treatment by employing a probe that emits blue fluorescence in a glucose-concentration-dependent manner as a real-time glucose sensor to precisely control insulin release from these iβ-cells. As proof-of-concept of the complete control system, the probe is encapsulated together with iβ-cells in alginate-poly-(L-lysine) hydrogel-microbeads(400 µm in diameter and containing about 500 cells) called GLOWiβ (GLOW with iβ-cells), are subcutaneously implanted into type-1-diabetic (T1D) mice. Illumination by UV-A light at 390 nm results in glucose-concentration-dependent blue-light emission from the probe at 445 nm that in turn induces glucose-concentration-dependent insulin release from the iβ-cells in a fully reversible manner. Activation of the injected GLOWiβ at 390 nm for 15 min effectively restores normoglycemia within 60-120 min in a closed-loop manner in these diabetic mice. The system is robust, as normoglycemia is well maintained by daily activation for at least 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Maity
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Preetam Guha Ray
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 48, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
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Ma RX. A detective story of intermittent fasting effect on immunity. Immunology 2024; 173:227-247. [PMID: 38922825 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to periodic fasting routines, that caloric intake is minimized not by meal portion size reduction but by intermittently eliminating ingestion of one or several consecutive meals. IF can instigate comprehensive and multifaceted alterations in energy metabolism, these metabolic channels may aboundingly function as primordial mechanisms that interface with the immune system, instigating intricate immune transformations. This review delivers a comprehensive understanding of IF, paying particular attention to its influence on the immune system, thus seeking to bridge these two research domains. We explore how IF effects lipid metabolism, hormonal levels, circadian rhythm, autophagy, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier integrity, and conjecture about the mechanisms orchestrating the intersect between these factors and the immune system. Moreover, the review includes research findings on the implications of IF on the immune system and patients burdened with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xue Ma
- School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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21
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Talebi S, Shab-Bidar S, Moini A, Mohammadi H, Djafarian K. The effects of time-restricted eating alone or in combination with probiotic supplementation in comparison with a calorie-restricted diet on endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:4468-4479. [PMID: 39143654 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of intermittent fasting, with or without probiotic supplementation, versus a calorie-restricted diet on anthropometric measures, metabolic status and gonadal variables in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial. The effects of the 14:10 early time-restricted eating (eTRE) strategy alone or combined with probiotics, on obese women with PCOS, were investigated. Participants were divided into three groups: eTRE plus probiotics (n = 30), eTRE plus placebo (n = 30) and a control group following a standard three-meal-per-day diet with daily calorie restriction (DCR) (n = 30). Over 8 weeks, various anthropometric, metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables were assessed. RESULTS A total of 90 individuals were included in the study, with a mean body weight of 81.4 kg, and a mean age of 30 years. Mean (standard deviation) weight loss was not different between the groups at week 8 (TRE + probiotic: -2.2 [1.6] kg vs. TRE + placebo: -2.9 [2.7] kg vs. DCR: -2.5 [1.7] kg). Results revealed that, while all three regimes led to reductions in body weight, body mass index, vascular risk indicators, hirsutism and acne scores, there were no statistically significant differences between the eTRE groups and the control group in terms of weight loss, or improvements in metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables (P > .05). Additionally, combining probiotics with eTRE did not benefit hormonal and cardiometabolic factors (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The eTRE alone or eTRE plus probiotics did not result in significantly greater weight loss or improvements in metabolic, menstrual and gonadal variables compared with the standard three-meal DCR diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepide Talebi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arash Women's Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Marko DM, Conn MO, Schertzer JD. Intermittent fasting influences immunity and metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:821-833. [PMID: 38719726 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) modifies cell- and tissue-specific immunometabolic responses that dictate metabolic flexibility and inflammation during obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fasting forces periods of metabolic flexibility and necessitates increased use of different substrates. IF can lower metabolic inflammation and improve glucose metabolism without lowering obesity and can influence time-dependent, compartmentalized changes in immunity. Liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and immune cells communicate to relay metabolic and immune signals during fasting. Here we review the connections between metabolic and immune cells to explain the divergent effects of IF compared with classic caloric restriction (CR) strategies. We also explore how the immunometabolism of metabolic diseases dictates certain IF outcomes, where the gut microbiota triggers changes in immunity and metabolism during fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Marko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan O Conn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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23
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Rivera Regalado JA, García J, Ramirez I, Hermosilla P, Rascon J, Fausto Girón SJ. Exploring the Impact of Fasting and Fasting-Mimicking Diets on Type 2 Diabetes Management in Adults: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e70332. [PMID: 39469384 PMCID: PMC11513225 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.70332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes poses significant global health challenges, affecting both the quality of life and healthcare systems. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of fasting and fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) in managing type 2 diabetes, with a focus on their effects on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and overall metabolic health in adult patients. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases identified several studies utilizing various fasting protocols, including intermittent fasting and FMD. Data synthesis and bias assessment were conducted using established methodologies, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. The review found that fasting interventions significantly improve glycemic control and reduce body weight, with some protocols notably lowering HbA1c levels (p<0.05), highlighting the strong potential of fasting in diabetes management. However, the results varied, suggesting that individual differences in metabolic responses and adherence levels influence outcomes. In conclusion, while fasting and FMD show promise for improving metabolic health and managing diabetes, more standardized research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms, optimize protocols, and confirm long-term benefits. Future research should prioritize larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods to inform comprehensive clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan García
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala City, GTM
| | - Isabella Ramirez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala City, GTM
| | - Plinio Hermosilla
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala City, GTM
| | - Jose Rascon
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala City, GTM
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24
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Cao Y, Shrestha A, Janiczak A, Li X, Lu Y, Haregu T. Lifestyle Intervention in Reducing Insulin Resistance and Preventing type 2 Diabetes in Asia Pacific Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Diab Rep 2024; 24:207-215. [PMID: 39083158 PMCID: PMC11303493 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-024-01548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update the evidence of lifestyle interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) in adults, particularly in the Asia Pacific region. The key questions to ask are: 1) How effective are lifestyle interventions in preventing T2DM among at-risk adults in the Asia Pacific Region? 2)What are the key characteristics of the implementation of lifestyle interventions for diabetes prevention? RECENT FINDINGS Lifestyle interventions for the prevention of T2DM have been suggested to be effective. There is evidence of ethnic differences in some glycaemic and anthropometric outcomes. The meta-analysis suggested a significant result in reducing waist circumference (standardised mean difference - 019, 95%CI ( -0.31, -0.06)), and no significant effects in other outcomes. However, the implementation outcomes suggested lifestyle intervention might be a cost-effective and sustainable approach in T2DM particularly in countries in the Asia Pacific Region. The focus of lifestyle intervention in the Asia Pacific Region should not only lie in the effectiveness of the trial but a thorough evaluation of the implementation outcomes, as well as cultural adaptations, with the support of all stakeholders through all stages of the implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Cao
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Plenty Road, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
- Non-communicable and implementation science lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs, Australia.
| | - Abha Shrestha
- Non-communicable and implementation science lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Janiczak
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Plenty Road, Kingsbury Dr, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Xia Li
- Statistics Consultancy Platform, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yang Lu
- Non-communicable and implementation science lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Tilahun Haregu
- Non-communicable and implementation science lab, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Alice Springs, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Khalafi M, Habibi Maleki A, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK, Rohani H, Ehsanifar M. The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:3830-3841. [PMID: 38956175 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM To perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), as compared with either a control diet (CON) and/or calorie restriction (CR), on body composition and cardiometabolic health in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from their inception to March 2024 to identify original randomized trials with parallel or crossover designs that studied the effects of IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. RESULTS Overall, 14 studies involving 1101 adults with prediabetes or T2D were included in the meta-analysis. IF decreased body weight (WMD -4.56 kg [95% CI -6.23 to -2.83]; p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; WMD -1.99 kg.m2 [95% CI -2.74 to -1.23]; p = 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; WMD -0.81% [95% CI -1.24 to -0.38]; p = 0.001), fasting glucose (WMD -0.36 mmol/L [95% CI -0.63 to -0.09]; p = 0.008), total cholesterol (WMD -0.31 mmol/L [95% CI -0.60 to -0.02]; p = 0.03) and triglycerides (WMD -0.14 mmol/L [95% CI -0.27 to -0.01]; p = 0.02), but did not significantly decrease fat mass, insulin, low-densitiy lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, or blood pressure as compared with CON. Furthermore, IF decreased body weight (WMD -1.14 kg [95% CI -1.69 to -0.60]; p = 0.001) and BMI (WMD -0.43 kg.m2 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.27]; p = 0.001), but did not significantly affect fat mass, lean body mass, visceral fat, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profiles or blood pressure. CONCLUSION Intermittent fasting is effective for weight loss and specific cardiometabolic health markers in individuals with prediabetes or T2D. Additionally, IF is associated with a reduction in body weight and BMI compared to CR, without effects on glycaemic markers, lipid profiles or blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Aref Habibi Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Hadi Rohani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ehsanifar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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26
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Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush M, Zali A, Shahmohammadi M, Hamidieh AA. Metformin and its potential influence on cell fate decision between apoptosis and senescence in cancer, with a special emphasis on glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1455492. [PMID: 39267853 PMCID: PMC11390356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1455492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite reaching enormous achievements in therapeutic approaches worldwide, GBM still remains the most incurable malignancy among various cancers. It emphasizes the necessity of adjuvant therapies from the perspectives of both patients and healthcare providers. Therefore, most emerging studies have focused on various complementary and adjuvant therapies. Among them, metabolic therapy has received special attention, and metformin has been considered as a treatment in various types of cancer, including GBM. It is clearly evident that reaching efficient approaches without a comprehensive evaluation of the key mechanisms is not possible. Among the studied mechanisms, one of the more challenging ones is the effect of metformin on apoptosis and senescence. Moreover, metformin is well known as an insulin sensitizer. However, if insulin signaling is facilitated in the tumor microenvironment, it may result in tumor growth. Therefore, to partially resolve some paradoxical issues, we conducted a narrative review of related studies to address the following questions as comprehensively as possible: 1) Does the improvement of cellular insulin function resulting from metformin have detrimental or beneficial effects on GBM cells? 2) If these effects are detrimental to GBM cells, which is more important: apoptosis or senescence? 3) What determines the cellular decision between apoptosis and senescence?
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Hajimohammadebrahim-Ketabforoush
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Shahmohammadi
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell & Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Xie X, Zhang M, Luo H. Regulation of metabolism by circadian rhythms: Support from time-restricted eating, intestinal microbiota & omics analysis. Life Sci 2024; 351:122814. [PMID: 38857654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian oscillatory system plays a key role in coordinating the metabolism of most organisms. Perturbation of genetic effects and misalignment of circadian rhythms result in circadian dysfunction and signs of metabolic disorders. The eating-fasting cycle can act on the peripheral circadian clocks, bypassing the photoperiod. Therefore, time-restricted eating (TRE) can improve metabolic health by adjusting eating rhythms, a process achieved through reprogramming of circadian genomes and metabolic programs at different tissue levels or remodeling of the intestinal microbiota, with omics technology allowing visualization of the regulatory processes. Here, we review recent advances in circadian regulation of metabolism, focus on the potential application of TRE for rescuing circadian dysfunction and metabolic disorders with the contribution of intestinal microbiota in between, and summarize the significance of omics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China.
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28
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Ribas-Latre A, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428601. [PMID: 39175542 PMCID: PMC11338815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining metabolic balance relies on accumulating nutrients during feeding periods and their subsequent release during fasting. In obesity and metabolic disorders, strategies aimed at reducing food intake while simulating fasting have garnered significant attention for weight loss. Caloric restriction (CR) diets and intermittent fasting (IF) interventions have emerged as effective approaches to improving cardiometabolic health. Although the comparative metabolic benefits of CR versus IF remain inconclusive, this review focuses on various forms of IF, particularly time-restricted eating (TRE). Methods This study employs a narrative review methodology, systematically collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting the existing literature on TRE and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive and unbiased search of relevant databases was conducted to identify pertinent studies, including pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials in humans. Keywords such as "Obesity," "Intermittent Fasting," "Time-restricted eating," "Chronotype," and "Circadian rhythms" guided the search. The selected studies were critically appraised based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, allowing for a thorough exploration and synthesis of current knowledge. Results This article synthesizes pre-clinical and clinical studies on TRE and its metabolic effects, providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and identifying gaps for future research. It explores the metabolic outcomes of recent clinical trials employing different TRE protocols in individuals with overweight, obesity, or type II diabetes, emphasizing the significance of individual chronotype, which is often overlooked in practice. In contrast to human studies, animal models underscore the role of the circadian clock in mitigating metabolic disturbances induced by obesity through time-restricted feeding (TRF) interventions. Consequently, we examine pre-clinical evidence supporting the interplay between the circadian clock and TRF interventions. Additionally, we provide insights into the role of the microbiota, which TRE can modulate and its influence on circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
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29
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Hegedus E, Vu MH, Salvy SJ, Bakhsh J, Goran MI, Raymond JK, Espinoza JC, Vidmar AP. Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of Late 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating for Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024; 124:1014-1028. [PMID: 39464252 PMCID: PMC11507361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Background No trial to date has tested the effects of late time-restricted eating (lTRE) on glycemic control or body composition in adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective The objective of the current study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of lTRE compared to a prolonged eating window in adolescents with T2D. Design A 12-week, randomized, controlled, feasibility study of lTRE compared to control in adolescents with obesity and new onset T2D was conducted. Participants/setting Eligible participants were 13-21 years old; with a diagnosis of T2D, on metformin monotherapy, recruited from Children's Hospital Los Angeles, between January 2021 and December of 2022. From 36 eligible participants, 27 were enrolled (75% recruitment rate; age: 16.5 ± 1.7 years, HbA1c: 6.6 ± 0.9%, 22/27 [81%] Hispanic, 17/27 [63%] female, 23/27 [85%] public insurance; all p-values >.05), and 23 of 27 completed the protocol. Intervention Participants wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) daily and were randomized to one of two meal-timing schedules for 12-weeks: (1) lTRE (eating all food between 12:00 PM and 20:00 PM without calorie counting or recommended daily caloric intake) or (2) Control (eating over a period of 12 or more hours per day). Main outcome measures Study recruitment, retention and adherence to intervention arms were captured to operationalize feasibility. Glucose control (HbA1c), weight loss (%BMIp95), total body fat mass on DEXA, sleep, and dietary intake were explored as secondary outcomes. Statistical Analysis Analyses were based on the intention to treat (ITT) population. Between-group differences in clinical outcomes were assessed using mixed-effects longitudinal regression models. Results Overall adherence to the 8-hr lTRE was 6.2 ± 1.1 d/wk and Control was 5.9 ± 0.9 d/wk. Participants assigned to lTRE indicated that limiting their eating window did not negatively affect their daily functioning and no adverse events were reported. In this pilot study, lTRE led to a reduction in %BMIp95 (-3.4%-95%CI: -6.1, -0.7, p = 0.02), HbA1c (-0.4%, 95%CI: -0.9, -0.01, p = .06), and ALT (-31.1 U/L, 95%CI: -60, -2, p = .05) within the group. There was no significant difference observed between lTRE and control across these measures (all p > .05). The lTRE group had a -271.4 (95% CI, -565.2, 5.2) kcal/day energy reduction compared to a +293.2 (95% CI: 30.4, 552.7) kcal/day increase in Control (p = .01). There were no significant changes observed in sleep or eating behaviors over the study period between groups. Conclusions Recruitment and retention rates suggest a trial of lTRE in adolescents with T2D was feasible. lTRE was seen as acceptable by participants and adherence was high. A revised intervention, building on the successful elements of this pilot alongside adapting implementations strategies to augment adherence and engagement, should therefore be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hegedus
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - My H Vu
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, the Saban Research Institute Biostatics Core
| | - Sarah Jeanne Salvy
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Jomanah Bakhsh
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Michael I Goran
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Jennifer K Raymond
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
| | - Juan C Espinoza
- Research Center for Health Equity, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, and Lurie Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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30
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Zhong F, Zhu T, Jin X, Chen X, Wu R, Shao L, Wang S. Adverse events profile associated with intermittent fasting in adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J 2024; 23:72. [PMID: 38987755 PMCID: PMC11234547 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence to comprehensively summarize the adverse events (AEs) profile of intermittent fasting (IF) despite its widespread use in patients with overweight or obesity. METHODS We searched the main electronic databases and registry websites to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IF versus control groups. A direct meta-analysis using a fixed-effect model was conducted to pool the risk differences regarding common AEs and dropouts. Study quality was assessed by using the Jadad scale. Pre-specified subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 15 RCTs involving 1,365 adult individuals were included. Findings did not show a significant difference between IF and Control in risk rate of fatigue [0%, 95% confidence interval (CI), -1% to 2%; P = 0.61], headache [0%, 95%CI: -1% to 2%; P = 0.86] and dropout [1%, 95%CI: -2% to 4%; P = 0.51]. However, a numerically higher risk of dizziness was noted among the IF alone subgroup with non-early time restricted eating [3%, 95%CI: -0% to 6%; P = 0.08]. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested that IF was not associated with a greater risk of AEs in adult patients affected by overweight or obesity. Additional large-scale RCTs stratified by key confounders and designed to evaluate the long-term effects of various IF regimens are needed to ascertain these AEs profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Ulink College of Shanghai, Shanghai, 201615, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xingyi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Plateau Gastroenterological disease of Xizang Autonomous Region, and School of Medicine , Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Plateau Gastroenterological disease of Xizang Autonomous Region, and School of Medicine , Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, China
| | - Li Shao
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Plateau Gastroenterological disease of Xizang Autonomous Region, and School of Medicine , Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center for Plateau Gastroenterological disease of Xizang Autonomous Region, and School of Medicine , Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, China.
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Rajeev V, Tabassum NI, Fann DY, Chen CP, Lai MK, Arumugam TV. Intermittent Metabolic Switching and Vascular Cognitive Impairment. J Obes Metab Syndr 2024; 33:92-107. [PMID: 38736362 PMCID: PMC11224924 DOI: 10.7570/jomes24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern alternating between eating and fasting periods within a 24-hour cycle, has garnered recognition for its potential to enhance both healthspan and lifespan in animal models and humans. It also shows promise in alleviating age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) spans a severity range from mild cognitive deficits to severe cognitive deficits and loss of function in vascular dementia. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has emerged as a significant contributor to VCI, instigating vascular pathologies such as microbleeds, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neuronal loss, and white matter lesions. Preclinical studies in rodents strongly suggest that IF has the potential to attenuate pathological mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways in VCI models. Hence, this supports evaluating IF in clinical trials for both existing and at-risk VCI patients. This review compiles existing data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI-related vascular and neuronal pathologies, emphasizing the mechanisms by which IF may mitigate these issues. Hence providing a comprehensive overview of the available data supporting IF's potential in treating VCI by emphasizing the underlying mechanisms that make IF a promising intervention for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vismitha Rajeev
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nishat I. Tabassum
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher P. Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K.P. Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Microbiology, Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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32
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Zhou X, Lin X, Yu J, Yang Y, Muzammel H, Amissi S, Schini-Kerth VB, Lei X, Jose PA, Yang J, Shi D. Effects of DASH diet with or without time-restricted eating in the management of stage 1 primary hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. Nutr J 2024; 23:65. [PMID: 38886740 PMCID: PMC11181626 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE), a popular form of intermittent fasting, has shown benefits for improving metabolic diseases and cardiometabolic health. However, the effect of TRE in the regulation of blood pressure in primary hypertension remains unclear. METHODS A 6-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, in which a total of 74 stage 1 primary hypertensive patients without high-risk were randomly assigned to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) group (n = 37) or DASH + TRE group (n = 37). Participants in the DASH + TRE group were instructed to consume their food within an 8-h window. Scientific research platform in We Chat application was used to track participants. The primary outcome was blood pressure. The secondary outcomes included body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammation-related parameters, urinary Na+ excretion, other clinical variables and safety outcomes. RESULTS The reduction of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were 5.595 ± 4.072 and 5.351 ± 5.643 mm Hg in the DASH group and 8.459 ± 4.260 and 9.459 ± 4.375 mm Hg in the DASH + TRE group. DASH + TRE group improved blood pressure diurnal rhythm. Subjects in DASH + TRE group had decreased extracellular water and increased urinary Na+ excretion. Furthermore, the decrease in blood pressure was associated with a reduction of extracellular water or increase in urinary Na+ excretion. In addition, safety outcomes such as nighttime hunger were also reported. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that 8-h TRE + DASH diet caused a greater decrease in blood pressure in stage 1 primary hypertensive patients than DASH diet. This study may provide novel insights into the benefits of lifestyle modification in the treatment of primary hypertension. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://www.chictr.org.cn/ (ChiCTR2300069393, registered on March 15, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zhou
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Translational CardioVascular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UR 3074, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xiaoqian Lin
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Logistics Management Division, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hira Muzammel
- Translational CardioVascular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UR 3074, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Said Amissi
- Translational CardioVascular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UR 3074, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie B Schini-Kerth
- Translational CardioVascular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, UR 3074, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xun Lei
- Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Research Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Dan Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
- Research Centre for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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33
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Liu K, Choi TST, Zhao L, Teong XT, Hutchison AT, Heilbronn LK. A qualitative exploration of behaviour change and maintenance experience in people with overweight or obesity in a dietary intervention. Nutr Diet 2024; 81:296-305. [PMID: 38057992 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of participants who were enrolled in 6-month controlled weight loss interventions with 2-month follow-up to better understand the process of behaviour change and maintenance. METHODS Fifteen participants who completed or dropped out from either a daily energy restriction or intermittent fasting group were recruited using maximum variation purposive sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted at the 2-month follow-up phase. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, guided by behaviour change models including transtheoretical model, social cognitive theory and integrated model of change. RESULTS Participants following both diets showed similar behaviour change patterns. Their first motivations were mostly external and relied on 'accountability' to adhere to the diet when initiating the dietary changes. Participants highlighted the importance of frequent reviews and monitoring in assisting their adherence. This feedback system promoted the development of self-efficacy and internalised motivation to encourage an 'ownership'. Participants who transitioned successfully from relying on accountability to take 'ownership' of the intervention were more capable of tackling challenges and tailoring their diet to form a new routine for long-term maintenance. CONCLUSION External motivations were key to initiate while internalised motivations were more important to sustain the behaviour change. Health professionals can assist this process through routine monitoring and feedback processes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tammie S T Choi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiao Tong Teong
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amy T Hutchison
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonie K Heilbronn
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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34
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Şahin Bayram S. A Narrative Review of the Significance of Popular Diets in Diabetes Mellitus Management. Cureus 2024; 16:e61045. [PMID: 38800782 PMCID: PMC11127507 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a collection of metabolic disorders marked by elevated levels of glucose in the blood due to irregularities in the generation or functioning of insulin. Medical nutrition therapy and weight loss are crucial elements in the management of diabetes and the prevention of complications. Several diets have become popular over time for the goal of achieving weight loss, but their popularity has declined due to a lack of reliable scientific evidence. This study classifies popular diets into three categories: diets that manage the composition of macronutrients, diets that restrict specific foods or food groups, and diets that manipulate meal timing. The review includes research studies that investigated the effects of popular diets on the prevention, management, and complications of diabetes. It is clear that different popular diets can have positive effects on both preventing and treating diabetes and preventing and treating complications related to diabetes. However, it is not practical to determine which diet is the most effective option for preventing or controlling diabetes. Thus, the main focus should be on common underlying factors that support well-being, such as decreasing the intake of refined grains and added sugar, choosing non-starchy vegetables, and giving priority to whole foods over processed foods whenever possible, until there is stronger evidence supporting the specific benefits of different dietary patterns.
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Ezzati A, McLaren C, Bohlman C, Tamargo JA, Lin Y, Anton SD. Does time-restricted eating add benefits to calorie restriction? A systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:640-654. [PMID: 38383703 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence has supported the health benefits of extended daily fasting, known as time-restricted eating (TRE); however, whether the addition of TRE enhances the known benefits of calorie restriction (CR) remains unclear. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched through April 2023. This systematic review includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CR + TRE with CR alone in energy-matched conditions of at least 8 weeks in duration that assessed changes in body weight and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity. RESULTS Seven studies were identified (n = 579). Two studies reported greater weight loss and reductions in diastolic blood pressure with CR + TRE compared with CR alone after 8 to 14 weeks, whereas one study reported greater improvements in triglycerides and glucose tolerance with CR + TRE (3 days/week) compared with CR alone following 26 weeks. One study reported significant increases in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels with CR + TRE versus CR alone after 8 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in any other outcome variable between the two interventions. CONCLUSIONS The addition of TRE to CR regimens resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in some studies; however, the majority of studies did not find additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ezzati
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Christian McLaren
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carly Bohlman
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Javier A Tamargo
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Huo Q, Yue T, Li W, Wang X, Dong Y, Wu X, He X, Lu L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li D. Time-restricted feeding prevents ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic stem cell damage by inhibiting NOX-4/ROS/p38 MAPK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111695. [PMID: 38401461 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced damage to the hematopoietic system is a prominent symptom following exposure to total body irradiation (TBI). The exploration of strategies aimed at to mitigating radiation-induced hematopoietic damage assumes paramount importance. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) has garnered attention for its beneficial effects in various diseases. In this study, we evaluated the preventive effects of TRF on TBI-induced hematopoietic damage. The results suggested that TRF significantly enhanced the proportion and function of hematopoietic stem cells in mice exposed to 4 Gy TBI. These effects might be attributed to the inhibition of the NOX-4/ROS/p38 MAPK pathway in hematopoietic stem cells. TRF also influenced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 and increased glutathione peroxidase activity, thereby promoting the clearance of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, TRF alleviated aberrations in plasma metabolism by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin. These findings suggest that TRF may represent a novel approach to preventing hematopoietic radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Huo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongpeng Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Garrido-Miguel M, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Díaz-Goñi V, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Meseguer-Henarejos AB, Torres-Costoso A. Time-Restricted Eating and Bone Health: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:876. [PMID: 38542787 PMCID: PMC10974430 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm2) between groups (MD = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.026 to 0.009, p = 0.328; I2 = 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - María José Guzmán-Pavón
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
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Regmi P, Young M, Minigo G, Milic N, Gyawali P. Photoperiod and metabolic health: evidence, mechanism, and implications. Metabolism 2024; 152:155770. [PMID: 38160935 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are evolutionarily programmed biological rhythms that are primarily entrained by the light cycle. Disruption of circadian rhythms is an important risk factor for several metabolic disorders. Photoperiod is defined as total duration of light exposure in a day. With the extended use of indoor/outdoor light, smartphones, television, computers, and social jetlag people are exposed to excessive artificial light at night increasing their photoperiod. Importantly long photoperiod is not limited to any geographical region, season, age, or socioeconomic group, it is pervasive. Long photoperiod is an established disrupter of the circadian rhythm and can induce a range of chronic health conditions including adiposity, altered hormonal signaling and metabolism, premature ageing, and poor psychological health. This review discusses the impact of exposure to long photoperiod on circadian rhythms, metabolic and mental health, hormonal signaling, and ageing and provides a perspective on possible preventive and therapeutic approaches for this pervasive challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Regmi
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Australia.
| | - Morag Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia
| | | | - Natalie Milic
- Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Australia
| | - Prajwal Gyawali
- Centre of Health Research and School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Australia
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Dongoran RA, Mardiana M, Huang CY, Situmorang JH. Boosting NAD+ levels through fasting to aid in COVID-19 recovery. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1319106. [PMID: 38420124 PMCID: PMC10899445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1319106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachmad Anres Dongoran
- Directorate of Drug Registration, Indonesian Food and Drug Authority, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center for Chinese Studies, National Central Library, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meity Mardiana
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jiro Hasegawa Situmorang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- Center for Biomedical Research, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
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40
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Tricò D, Masoni MC, Baldi S, Cimbalo N, Sacchetta L, Scozzaro MT, Nesti G, Mengozzi A, Nesti L, Chiriacò M, Natali A. Early time-restricted carbohydrate consumption vs conventional dieting in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2024; 67:263-274. [PMID: 37971503 PMCID: PMC10789836 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Early time-restricted carbohydrate consumption (eTRC) is a novel dietary strategy that involves restricting carbohydrate-rich food intake to the morning and early afternoon to align with circadian variations in glucose tolerance. We examined the efficacy, feasibility and safety of eTRC in individuals with type 2 diabetes under free-living conditions. METHODS In this randomised, parallel-arm, open label, controlled trial, participants with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity (age 67.2±7.9 years, 47.8% women, BMI 29.4±3.7 kg/m2, HbA1c 49±5 mmol/mol [6.6±0.5%]) were randomised, using computer-generated random numbers, to a 12 week eTRC diet or a Mediterranean-style control diet with matched energy restriction and macronutrient distribution (50% carbohydrate, 30% fat and 20% protein). The primary outcome was the between-group difference in HbA1c at 12 weeks. Body composition, 14 day flash glucose monitoring and food diary analysis were performed every 4 weeks. Mixed meal tolerance tests with mathematical beta cell function modelling were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks. RESULTS Twelve (85.7%) participants in the eTRC arm and 11 (84.6%) participants in the control arm completed the study, achieving similar reductions in body weight and fat mass. The two groups experienced comparable improvements in HbA1c (-3 [-6, -0.3] mmol/mol vs -4 [-6, -2] mmol/mol, corresponding to -0.2 [-0.5, 0]% and -0.3 [-0.5, -0.1]%, respectively, p=0.386), fasting plasma glucose, flash glucose monitoring-derived glucose variability and mixed meal tolerance test-derived glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, insulin clearance and plasma glucagon levels, without changes in model-derived beta cell function parameters, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and non-esterified fatty acid levels. The two diets similarly reduced liver function markers and triglyceride levels, being neutral on other cardiometabolic and safety variables. In exploratory analyses, diet-induced changes in body weight and glucometabolic variables were not related to the timing of carbohydrate intake. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The proposed eTRC diet provides a feasible and effective alternative option for glucose and body weight management in individuals with type 2 diabetes, with no additional metabolic benefits compared with conventional dieting. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05713058 FUNDING: This study was supported by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Masoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Baldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Cimbalo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Sacchetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Tiziana Scozzaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nesti
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Science, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Nesti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Science, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Nutrition, and Atherosclerosis, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood 'Nutraceuticals and Food for Health', University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Dashti HS, Leong A, Mogensen KM, Annambhotla M, Li P, Deng H, Carey AN, Burns DL, Winkler MF, Compher C, Saxena R. Glycemic and sleep effects of daytime compared with those of overnight infusions of home parenteral nutrition in adults with short bowel syndrome: A quasi-experimental pilot trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:569-577. [PMID: 38043867 PMCID: PMC10884603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) commonly cycle infusions overnight, likely contributing to circadian misalignment and sleep disruption. METHODS The objective of this quasi-experimental, single-arm, controlled, pilot trial was to examine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of daytime infusions of HPN in adults with SBS without diabetes. Enrolled patients were fitted with a continuous glucose monitor and wrist actigraph and were instructed to cycle their infusions overnight for 1 wk, followed by daytime for another week. The 24-h average blood glucose, the time spent >140 mg/dL or <70 mg/dL, and sleep fragmentation were derived for each week and compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Patient-reported quality-of-life outcomes were also compared between the weeks. RESULTS Twenty patients (mean age, 51.7 y; 75% female; mean body mass index, 21.5 kg/m2) completed the trial. Overnight infusions started at 21:00 and daytime infusions at 09:00. No serious adverse events were noted. There were no differences in 24-h glycemia (daytime-median: 93.00 mg/dL; 95% CI: 87.7-99.9 mg/dL, compared with overnight-median: 91.1 mg/dL; 95% CI: 89.6-99.0 mg/dL; P = 0.922). During the day hours (09:00-21:00), the mean glucose concentrations were 13.5 (5.7-22.0) mg/dL higher, and the time spent <70 mg/dL was 15.0 (-170.0, 22.5) min lower with daytime than with overnight HPN. Conversely, during the night hours (21:00-09:00), the glucose concentrations were 16.6 (-23.1, -2.2) mg/dL lower with daytime than with overnight HPN. There were no differences in actigraphy-derived measures of sleep and activity rhythms; however, sleep timing was later, and light at night exposure was lower with daytime than with overnight HPN. Patients reported less sleep disruptions due to urination and fewer episodes of uncontrollable diarrhea or ostomy output with daytime HPN. CONCLUSIONS Daytime HPN was feasible and safe in adults with SBS and, compared with overnight HPN, improved subjective sleep without increasing 24-h glucose concentrations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04743960 (https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT04743960).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| | - Aaron Leong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Diabetes Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kris M Mogensen
- Department of Nutrition, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Meghana Annambhotla
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States; Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hao Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandra N Carey
- Division of Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Home Parenteral Nutrition Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David L Burns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, United States
| | - Marion F Winkler
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Charlene Compher
- Biobehavioral Health Sciences Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, Unites States
| | - Richa Saxena
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Xiaoyu W, Yuxin X, Li L. The effects of different intermittent fasting regimens in people with type 2 diabetes: a network meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1325894. [PMID: 38332802 PMCID: PMC10850351 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of four intermittent fasting regimens on blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods Randomized controlled trials of intermittent fasting in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP Database, and WANFANG Database were searched for from the library to September 2023. 2 review authors independently screened studies and extracted data. RevMan 5.4 was used for direct comparison of meta-results. Network meta-analysis was performed using Stata16 software. Results 13 studies with a total of 867 patients were included. The intervention effects of twice-per-week fasting, fasting-mimicking diet, time-restricted eating, and peridic fasting were better than that of conventional diet. The results of the network comparison showed that there was no significant difference in the intervention effect of the intermittent fasting regimens. SUCRA ranking results showed that the twice-per-week fasting was best for comprehensive interventions for improvement. Conclusion From the perspective of fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance, the twice-per-week fasting intervention has a good effect, which can be used as a reference for patients with inter-type 2 diabetes to choose intermittent fasting regimen. However, more clinical trials are needed to verify this at a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lai Li
- School of Nursing, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Ye YC, Chai SF, Li XR, Wu MN, Cai HY, Wang ZJ. Intermittent fasting and Alzheimer's disease-Targeting ketone bodies as a potential strategy for brain energy rescue. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:129-146. [PMID: 37823968 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks effective clinical treatments. As the disease progresses, the cerebral glucose hypometabolism that appears in the preclinical phase of AD gradually worsens, leading to increasingly severe brain energy disorders. This review analyzes the brain energy deficit in AD and its etiology, brain energy rescue strategies based on ketone intervention, the effects and mechanisms of IF, the differences in efficacy between IF and ketogenic diet and the duality of IF. The evidence suggests that brain energy deficits lead to the development and progression of AD pathology. IF, which improves brain energy impairments by promoting ketone metabolism, thus has good therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu- Cai Ye
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fan Chai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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Lee DY, Jung I, Park SY, Yu JH, Seo JA, Kim KJ, Kim NH, Yoo HJ, Kim SG, Choi KM, Baik SH, Kim NH. Attention to Innate Circadian Rhythm and the Impact of Its Disruption on Diabetes. Diabetes Metab J 2024; 48:37-52. [PMID: 38173377 PMCID: PMC10850272 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies are required to reduce the risk of developing diabetes and/or clinical outcomes and complications of diabetes. In this regard, the role of the circadian system may be a potential candidate for the prevention of diabetes. We reviewed evidence from animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies linking the circadian system to various aspects of the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of diabetes. The circadian clock governs genetic, metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral signals in anticipation of cyclic 24-hour events through interactions between a "central clock" in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and "peripheral clocks" in the whole body. Currently, circadian rhythmicity in humans can be subjectively or objectively assessed by measuring melatonin and glucocorticoid levels, core body temperature, peripheral blood, oral mucosa, hair follicles, rest-activity cycles, sleep diaries, and circadian chronotypes. In this review, we summarized various circadian misalignments, such as altered light-dark, sleep-wake, rest-activity, fasting-feeding, shift work, evening chronotype, and social jetlag, as well as mutations in clock genes that could contribute to the development of diabetes and poor glycemic status in patients with diabetes. Targeting critical components of the circadian system could deliver potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inha Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong Jin Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Mackieh R, Al-Bakkar N, Kfoury M, Okdeh N, Pietra H, Roufayel R, Legros C, Fajloun Z, Sabatier JM. Unlocking the Benefits of Fasting: A Review of its Impact on Various Biological Systems and Human Health. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1781-1803. [PMID: 38018193 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673275492231121062033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Fasting has gained significant attention in recent years for its potential health benefits in various body systems. This review aims to comprehensively examine the effects of fasting on human health, specifically focusing on its impact on different body's physiological systems. The cardiovascular system plays a vital role in maintaining overall health, and fasting has shown promising effects in improving cardiovascular health markers such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and triglyceride levels. Additionally, fasting has been suggested to enhance insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and improve metabolic health, thus offering potential benefits to individuals with diabetes and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, fasting can boost immune function, reduce inflammation, enhance autophagy, and support the body's defense against infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Fasting has also demonstrated a positive effect on the brain and nervous system. It has been associated with neuroprotective properties, improving cognitive function, and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, besides the ability of increasing the lifespan. Hence, understanding the potential advantages of fasting can provide valuable insights for individuals and healthcare professionals alike in promoting health and wellbeing. The data presented here may have significant implications for the development of therapeutic approaches and interventions using fasting as a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Mackieh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Nadia Al-Bakkar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut Campus, P.O. Box 11 50 20, Riad El Solh, Beirut 11072809, Lebanon
| | - Milena Kfoury
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Okdeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
| | - Hervé Pietra
- Association Esprit Jeûne & Fasting Spirit, 226, Chemin du Pélican, Toulon 83000, France
| | - Rabih Roufayel
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Hadiya, Kuwait
| | - Christian Legros
- Univ Angers, INSERM, CNRS, MITOVASC, Team 2 CarMe, SFR ICAT, Angers 49000, France
| | - Ziad Fajloun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and its Applications, EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Aix-- Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Marseille 13385, France
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Alorfi NM, Ashour AM. The Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Older Adults: A Review of Clinicaltrials.gov Registry. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3115-3121. [PMID: 37822800 PMCID: PMC10564080 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s430740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predominant health condition across the world due to its rising prevalence and association with various metabolic disorders. Intermittent fasting (IF) has attracted increasing attention as a dietary approach to addressing weight management and enhancing metabolic well-being, and its potential effects on NAFLD have been a topic of growing research interest. Aim This review aims to critically evaluate the current evidence on IF's impact on NAFLD, including the mechanisms underlying the observed effects in older adults (65+). Methods A comprehensive search of Clinicaltrials.gov was conducted to identify relevant studies that investigated the effects of IF on NAFLD in older adults (65+). Data on study design, sample size, intervention details, and outcomes related to NAFLD were extracted and analyzed. Results As of April 12th, 2023, there were 1304 clinical trials on NAFLD. Most of these were interventional studies. The investigation focused on completed studies and found that limited clinical trials were identified with limited interventional measures. Only five out of the 1304 studies on NAFLD involved IF. Basic and advanced outcome measures were examined. Conclusion Although some studies suggest that IF may have potential benefits for NAFLD, the evidence is still limited and inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Alorfi
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng WY, Desmet L, Depoortere I. Time-restricted eating for chronodisruption-related chronic diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14027. [PMID: 37553828 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system enables organisms to adapt their physiology and behavior to the cyclic environmental changes including light-dark cycle or food availability. Misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythms and external cues is known as chronodisruption and is closely associated with the development of metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Time-restricted eating (TRE, in human) is an emerging dietary approach for weight management. Recent studies have shown that TRE or time-restricted feeding (TRF, when referring to animals) has several beneficial health effects, which, however, are not limited to weight management. This review summarizes the effects of TRE/TRF on regulating energy metabolism, gut microbiota and homeostasis, development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Furthermore, we will address the role of circadian clocks in TRE/TRF and propose ways to optimize TRE as a dietary strategy to obtain maximal health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Cheng
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louis Desmet
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Depoortere
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Gut Peptide Research Lab, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Li B, Tang X, Le G. Dietary Habits and Metabolic Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:3975. [PMID: 37764759 PMCID: PMC10536179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits refer to the long-term dietary patterns and habits that an individual forms and maintains in their daily life [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.T.); (G.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xue Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.T.); (G.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (X.T.); (G.L.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Hamer O, Abouzaid A, Hill J. Intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: implications for clinical practice. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CARDIAC NURSING 2023; 18:2023.0058. [PMID: 38807936 PMCID: PMC7616019 DOI: 10.12968/bjca.2023.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the most prevalent and preventable chronic conditions worldwide. Nutrition plays an important role in reducing several risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Intermittent fasting has been rapidly gaining interest among patients with cardiometabolic disease as a nutritional strategy for improving cardiovascular outcomes. However, research had yet to determine whether intermittent fasting provides greater cardiometabolic benefits compared to continuous daily caloric restriction. A recent Cochrane review has synthesised the benefits of intermittent fasting for the prevention of cardiovascular disease but is limited by its interpretation of the findings for clinical practice. This commentary aims to critically appraise the methods used within the review by Allaf et al, 2021 and expand upon the findings to determine its implications for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hamer
- University of Central Lancashire
| | - A Abouzaid
- NHS Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Hill
- University of Central Lancashire
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