Paradoxical expression pattern of the epithelial mesenchymal transition-related biomarkers CD44, SLUG, N-cadherin and VSIG1/Glycoprotein A34 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Table 1 Immunohistochemical antibodies used in the study

Antibody (company)	Clone	Dilution
C-KIT (Dako)	Rabbit polyclonal	1:500
DOG1 (Novocastra)	NCL-L-DOG1	1:50
PKCθ (ABCAM)	Polyclonal	1:200
SLUG (Santa Cruz Biotech)	Rabbit polyclonal	1:100
E-cadherin (Dako)	Monoclonal mouse NCH-38	1:50
N-cadherin (Dako)	Monoclonal mouse 6G11	1:100
Ki67 (LabVision)	SP6	1:200
CD44 (Dako)	Monoclonal mouse DF1485	1:50
VSIG1 (SIGMA)	Rabbit polyclonal HPA036311	1:200

VSIG1: V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1.

Table 2 Correlation of SLUG, N-Cadherin, CD44 and V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 expression with the clinicopathological parameters in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

	n	SLUG				CD44				N-Cadherin				VSIG1
		-	+	OR (95%CI)	P vaule	-	+	OR (95%CI)	P	-	+	OR, (95%CI)	P	-	+	OR (95%CI)	P
Gender
Male	35	2	33	0.32 (0.06-1.69)	0.28	22	13	0.93 (0.37-2.33)	0.88	33	2	2.53 (0.47-13.4)	0.45	5	30	0.77 (0.22-2.60)	0.76
Female	45	7	38			29	16			39	6			8	37
Age
≤ 45	8	0	8	0.39 (0.02-7.38)	0.58	6	2	1.8 (0.33-9.56)	0.7	7	1	0.75 (0.08-7.05)	0.58	0	8	0.25 (0.01-4.77)	0.34
> 45	72	9	63			45	27			65	7			13	59
Tumor size
≥ 5 cm	45	6	39	1.64 (0.38-7.08)	0.72	29	16	1.07 (0.42-2.68)	1	40	5	0.75 (0.16-3.37)	0.95	9	36	1.93 (0.54-6.91)	0.37
< 5 cm	35	3	32			22	13			32	3			4	31
Mitotic rate (50HPF)
High (≥ 5)	29	1	28	0.19 (0.02-1.62)	0.14	18	11	0.89 (0.34-2.29)	0.81	24	5	0.30 (0.06-1.36)	0.13	5	24	1.11 (0.32-3.80)	1
Low (< 5)	51	8	43			33	18			48	3			8	43
Tumor location
Stomach	35	4	31	NA	0.47	26	9	NA	0.93	32	3	NA	0.26	8	27	NA	0.21
Small intestine	25	2	23			10	15			23	2			2	23
														2	4
Colorectum	6	0	6			5	1			4	2
E-GIST	14	3	11			10	4			13	1			1	13
Histological pattern
Spindle cell type	64	7	57	NA	0.82	40	24	NA	0.75	58	6	NA	0.62	11	53	NA	0.72
Epithelioid cell type	2	0	2			1	1			0	2			0	2
Mixed type	14	2	12			10	4			14	0			2	12
Risk group
Very low	10	2	8	NA	0.59	5	5	NA	0.19	10	0	NA	0.5	1	9	NA	0.77
Low	21	3	18			14	7			19	2			3	18
Intermediate	16	2	14			13	3			15	1			2	14
High	33	2	31			19	14			28	5			7	26
Local invasion
Positive	14	1	13	0.55 (0.06-4.85)	0.96	6	8	0.35 (0.10-1.13)	0.12	11	3	0.30 (0.06-1.44)	0.14	1	13	0.34 (0.04-2.90)	0.44
Negative	66	8	58			45	21			61	5			12	54
Distant metastasis
Present	11	0	11	0.27 (0.01-5.09)	0.38	7	4	0.99 (0.26-3.73)	1	8	3	0.20 (0.04-1.04)	0.07	0	11	0.18 (0.01-3.28)	0.19
Absent	69	9	60			44	25			64	5			13	56
Necrosis
Present	32	1	31	0.16 (0.09-1.36)	0.07	18	14	0.58 (0.23-1.47)	0.23	27	5	0.36 (0.07-1.62)	0.25	3	29	0.39 (0.09-1.55)	0.22
Absent	48	8	40			33	15			45	3			10	38

VSIG1: V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors.

Table 3 Correlation of the diagnostic biomarkers with the epithelial mesenchymal/mesenchymal epithelial transition -related factors SLUG, N-Cadherin, CD44 and V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

	n	SLUG				CD44				N-Cadherin				VSIG1
		-	+	OR (95%CI)	P	-	+	OR (95%CI)	P	-	+	OR (95%CI)	P	-	+	OR (95%CI)	P
Ki67 index
Low	60	9	51	7.56 (0.42-136.02)	0.16	39	21	1.23 (0.43-3.50)	0.68	55	5	1.94 (0.42-8.97)	0.4	9	51	0.70 (0.19-2.60)	0.6
High	20	0	20			12	8			17	3			4	16
C-KIT
Positive	74	9	65	1.88 (0.09-36.23)	0.67	47	27	0.87 (0.14-5.06)	0.87	66	8	0.60 (0.03-11.65)	0.73	11	63	0.34 (0.05-2.14)	0.25
Negative	6	0	6			4	2			6	0			2	4
DOG-1
Positive	61	7	54	1.10 (0.20-5.81)	0.11	37	24	0.55 (0.17-1.72)	0.3	54	7	0.42 (0.04-3.72)	0.44	6	55	0.18 (0.05-0.65)	0.01
Negative	19	2	17			14	5			18	1			7	12
C-theta
Positive	72	7	65	0.321 (0.05-1.91)	0.21	45	27	0.55 (0.10-2.95)	0.49	67	5	8.04 (1.47-43.81)	0.02	9	63	0.14 (0.03-0.67)	0.02
Negative	8	2	6			6	2			5	3			4	4

VSIG1: V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 1.