Immunohistochemical analysis of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Table 1 List of antibodies used

Antibody	Source	Dilution
β-catenin	BD Bioscience CAT# 610154 Mouse monoclonal (San Jose, CA)	0.7361111111
E-cadherin	BD Bioscience CAT# 610182 Mouse Monoclonal (San Jose, CA)	0.5972222222
APC	Abcam (ab15270) Rabbit Polyclonal (Cambridge, MA)	0.1805555556
Chromogranin	Abcam (ab15160) Rabbit polyclonal (Cambridge, MA)	0.3888888889
Synaptophysin	Abcam (ab32127) Rabbit monoclonal (Cambridge, MA)	0.3888888889

APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli.

Table 2 Demographics, clinicopathologic features, Wnt/β-catenin expression and survival status of patients with high vs low stage pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

	Low stage (n = 74)	High stage (n = 13)	Total (n = 87)
Average age (range)	56 (32-81 yr)	50 (35-77 yr)	55 (32-81 yr)
Male/female	34/40	7/6	41/46
Syndromic (%)	11/74 (15)	4/13 (31)	15/87 (17)
Functional (%)	15/74 (20)	0/13 (0)	15/87 (17)
Tumor sizea (mean ± SEM)	2.8 ± 0.3 cm	4.4 ± 0.5 cm	3.0 ± 0.2 cm
Tumor gradea (%)
Grade 1/2	67/74 (91)	7/13 (54)	74/87 (85)
Grade 3	7/74 (9)	6/13 (46)	13/87 (15)
Infiltrative growth patterna	21/74 (28)	8/13 (58)	29/87 (33)
LVIb	20/74 (28)	12/13 (92)	32/87 (37)
PNI	9/74 (12)	3/13 (25)	12/87 (14)
Necrosis	8/74 (11)	3/13 (25)	11/87 (13)
Strong membranous β-cateninb	35/74 (47)	12/13 (92)	48/87 (55)
Nuclear β-catenina	0/74 (0)	2/13 (15)	3/87 (3)
Strong membranous E-cadherin (%)	30/74 (41)	8/13 (62)	38/87 (44)
APC	22/67 (33)	2/13 (15)	24/80 (30)
Death from diseaseb	7/74 (10)	6/13 (50)	13/87 (15)

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.01. LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli.