Clinical outcomes of nursing interventions after endoscopic treatment for intestinal polyps and early-stage cancer

Table 1 Comparison of general data between the two groups

Indicators	Conventional group (n = 82)	Intervention group (n = 75)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years)	54.62 ± 10.71	53.84 ± 11.23	0.454	0.651
Number of males	46 (56.10%)	40 (53.33%)	0.137	0.711
Lesion type	Polyps: 59; Early cancer: 23	Polyps: 54; Early cancer: 21	0.022	0.883
Surgical method	EMR: 50; ESD: 32	EMR: 46; ESD: 29	0.043	0.836

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference. EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Table 2 Inflammation and infection indicators

Time point	Group	CRP (mg/L)	t	P value	WBC (× 109/L)	t	P value	NEU% (%)	t	P value	PCT (ng/mL)	t	P value
Preoperative	Intervention (n = 75)	6.91 ± 1.58	0.731	0.466	7.56 ± 1.08	0.947	0.345	65.27 ± 6.83	1.182	0.239	0.046 ± 0.012	0.531	0.596
	Conventional (n = 82)	7.04 ± 1.66			7.41 ± 1.21			64.12 ± 7.04			0.048 ± 0.011
1 day after surgery	Intervention	16.72 ± 3.14	1.265	0.208	11.42 ± 1.84	1.312	0.192	81.03 ± 5.32	1.354	0.178	0.189 ± 0.041	1.261	0.209
	Conventional	17.21 ± 3.64			12.14 ± 2.04			83.16 ± 5.83			0.216 ± 0.052
3 days after surgery	Intervention	10.43 ± 2.01	3.263	0.001	8.62 ± 1.32	3.785	< 0.001	71.54 ± 6.03	3.254	0.001	0.089 ± 0.024	4.192	< 0.001
	Conventional	12.17 ± 2.28			9.56 ± 1.57			75.21 ± 6.76			0.126 ± 0.035
7 days after surgery	Intervention	6.94 ± 1.34	4.675	< 0.001	6.85 ± 1.11	3.914	< 0.001	63.12 ± 5.26	4.003	< 0.001	0.047 ± 0.014	5.012	< 0.001
	Conventional	8.32 ± 1.75			7.84 ± 1.29			67.49 ± 5.87			0.063 ± 0.016

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference. CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell; NEU%: Neutrophil percentage; PCT: Procalcitonin.

Table 3 Complication incidence rate, n (%)

Types	Time point	Intervention group (n = 75)	Conventional group (n = 82)	χ2/t	P value
Hemorrhage	7 days after surgery	2 (2.67)	4 (4.88)	0.545	0.46
Perforation	7 days after surgery	1 (1.33)	3 (3.66)	3.065	0.08
Fever	7 days after surgery	2 (2.67)	5 (6.10)	4.187	0.041
Abdominal distention	7 days after surgery	1 (1.33)	4 (4.88)	3.982	0.046
Infection	7 days after surgery	1 (1.33)	3 (3.66)	1.209	0.271
Total		7 (9.33)	19 (23.17)	5.598	0.018

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference.

Table 4 Rehabilitation indicators, n (%)

Indicators	Group	Time value	Excellent/normal	Poor	χ2/t	P value
First exhaust time (hour)	Intervention group	21.45 ± 2.56	57 (76.00)	18 (24.00)	6.089	< 0.001
	Conventional group	24.18 ± 2.91	47 (57.32)	35 (42.68)	6.095	0.014
First time to get out of bed (hour)	Intervention group	10.62 ± 1.74	61 (81.33)	14 (18.67)	7.683	< 0.001
	Conventional group	13.07 ± 2.10	50 (61.00)	32 (39.00)	7.628	0.006
Hospitalization time (day)	Intervention group	4.72 ± 1.21	52 (69.33)	23 (30.67)	6.522	< 0.001
	Conventional group	6.13 ± 1.44	38 (46.34)	44 (53.66)	7.933	0.005

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference.

Table 5 Pain scores, n (%)

Time point	Group	VAS score	Mild	Moderate	Severe	χ2/t	P value
1 day after surgery	Intervention group (n = 75)	4.15 ± 0.94	29 (38.67)	35 (46.67)	11 (14.67)	10.802	0.005
	Conventional (n = 82)	5.03 ± 1.08	12 (14.63)	46 (56.10)	24 (29.27)
3 days after surgery	Intervention group	2.37 ± 0.73	57 (76.00)	15 (20.00)	3 (4.00)	11.704	0.003
	Conventional group	3.18 ± 0.92	43 (52.44)	30 (36.59)	9 (10.98)

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference. VAS: Visual analog scale.

Table 6 Indicators of psychological scale

Time Point	Group	HADS-A (mean ± SD)	χ2/t	P value	HADS-D (mean ± SD)	χ2/t	P value
Preoperative	Intervention	8.01 ± 2.42	-0.682	0.496	7.89 ± 2.30	-0.863	0.39
	Conventional	8.21 ± 2.51			8.17 ± 2.38
Postoperative day 3	Intervention	6.12 ± 2.15	-5.879	< 0.001	6.08 ± 2.02	-5.29	< 0.001
	Conventional	8.45 ± 2.58			8.07 ± 2.36
Postoperative day 7	Intervention	4.89 ± 1.76	-7.125	< 0.001	4.76 ± 1.69	-6.662	< 0.001
	Conventional	7.42 ± 2.31			7.06 ± 2.14

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference. HADS-A: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety; HADS-D: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression.

Table 7 Spearman correlation matrix of inflammatory indicators with postoperative clinical efficacy and complications

Indicator	CRP	WBC	NEU%	PCT	Clinical efficacy	Complications occurred
CRP	1
WBC	0.534b	1
NEU%	0.481b	0.562b	1
PCT	0.612b	0.439b	0.527b	1
Clinical efficacy	-0.459b	-0.281a	-0.412b	-0.508b	1
Complications occurred	0.491b	0.376a	0.538b	0.642b	-0.374a	1

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.001.

CRP: C-reactive protein; WBC: White blood cell; NEU%: Neutrophil percentage; PCT: Procalcitonin.

Table 8 Risk factor analysis

Variable	Group	Complication incidence, n (%)	RR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Diabetes	Yes (n = 46)	14 (30.43)	2.43	1.21-4.86	0.012	2.67	1.19-5.98	0.016
	No (n = 111)	14 (12.50)
Hypertension	Yes (n = 44)	11 (25.00)	1.77	0.90-3.47	0.097	1.85	0.89-3.83	0.102
	No (n = 113)	17 (14.13)
Surgical method	Laparotomy (n = 49)	14 (28.57)	2.86	1.22-6.71	0.015	3.23	1.30-7.99	0.012
	Laparoscopy (n = 108)	14 (10.00)
CRP (1 day after surgery)	> 15 mg/L (n = 52)	18 (34.62)	3.12	1.54-6.33	0.002	3.46	1.56-7.67	0.003
	≤ 15 mg/L (n = 105)	14 (11.11)
PCT (1 day after surgery)	> 0.5 ng/mL (n = 36)	14 (38.89)	2.91	1.31-6.44	0.006	3.2	1.28-7.98	0.011
	≤ 0.5 ng/mL (n = 121)	18 (13.33)

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference. RR: Relative risk; PCT: Procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein.