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        ©The Author(s) 2024.
    
    
        World J Gastrointest Oncol. Sep 15, 2024; 16(9): 3913-3931
Published online Sep 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3913
Published online Sep 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3913
            Table 1 Clinical information of patients in high and low protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 expression groups from The Cancer Genome Atlas database
        
    | Characteristic | Low expression (n = 185) | High expression (n = 185) | 
| T stage, n (%) | ||
| T1 | 96 (51.9) | 85 (45.9) | 
| T2 | 46 (24.9) | 47 (25.4) | 
| T3 | 35 (18.9) | 45 (24.4) | 
| T4 | 6 (3.2) | 8 (4.3) | 
| Unknown | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 
| N stage, n (%) | ||
| N0 | 126 (68.1) | 126 (68.1) | 
| N1 | 21 (11.4) | 3 (1.6) | 
| N2-3 | 38 (20.5) | 56 (30.3) | 
| M stage, n (%) | ||
| M0 | 135 (73) | 131 (70.8) | 
| M1 | 22 (11.9) | 22 (11.9) | 
| MX | 28 (15.1) | 32 (17.3) | 
| Clinical stage, n (%) | ||
| I | 91 (49.2) | 80 (43.2) | 
| II | 43 (23.2) | 42 (22.7) | 
| III | 38 (20.6) | 47 (25.4) | 
| IV | 3 (1.6) | 2 (1.1) | 
| Unknown | 10 (5.4) | 14 (7.6) | 
| Age, n (%) | ||
| ≤ 65 years | 105 (56.8) | 127 (68.6) | 
| > 65 years | 80 (43.2) | 58 (31.4) | 
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Female | 46 (24.9) | 75 (40.5) | 
| Male | 139 (75.1) | 110 (59.5) | 
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 
| Grade, n (%) | ||
| G1 | 33 (17.8) | 22 (11.9) | 
| G2 | 92 (49.7) | 85 (46.0) | 
| G3 | 54 (29.2) | 67 (36.2) | 
| G4 | 4 (2.2) | 8 (4.3) | 
| Unknown | 2 (1.1) | 3 (1.6) | 
            Table 2 Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tumor tissues and paracancerous tissues
        
    | Tumor tissue | Paracancer tissue | Total | χ2 | P value | |
| High expression | Low expression | ||||
| High expression | 16 | 69 | 85 | 12.163 | < 0.001 | 
| Low expression | 20 | 21 | 41 | ||
| Total | 36 | 90 | |||
            Table 3 Clinical information of high and low protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 expression groups of patients from the Bengbu Medical College database
        
    | Characteristic | Total (n) | PTPN2 expression | χ2 | P value | |
| Low (n = 41) | High (n = 85) | ||||
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 23 | 5 (3.9) | 18 (14.3) | 1.495 | 0.221 | 
| Male | 103 | 36 (28.6) | 67 (53.2) | ||
| Age | |||||
| ≤ 65 years | 91 | 32 (25.4) | 59 (46.8) | 1.028 | 0.311 | 
| > 65 years | 35 | 9 (7.2) | 26 (20.6) | ||
| Viral hepatitis, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 110 | 35 (27.8) | 75 (59.5) | 0.205 | 0.651 | 
| No | 16 | 6 (4.8) | 10 (7.9) | ||
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 61 | 20 (15.9) | 41 (32.5) | 0.003 | 0.956 | 
| No | 65 | 21 (16.7) | 44 (34.9) | ||
| AFP (ng/mL), n (%) | |||||
| ≤ 25 | 52 | 24 (19.0) | 32 (25.4) | 4.888 | 0.027 | 
| > 25 | 74 | 17 (14.5) | 53 (42.1) | ||
| Tumor size, n (%) | |||||
| ≤ 5 cm | 65 | 23 (18.3) | 42 (33.3) | 0.495 | 0.482 | 
| > 5 cm | 61 | 18 (14.3) | 43 (34.1) | ||
| Degree of differentiation, n (%) | |||||
| Undifferentiated | 29 | 7 (5.6) | 22 (17.5) | 1.324 | 0.516 | 
| Moderately differentiated | 76 | 26 (20.6) | 50 (39.7) | ||
| Highly differentiated | 21 | 8 (6.3) | 13 (10.3) | ||
            Table 4 Univariate analysis of clinicopathological factors and overall survival in 126 hepatocellular carcinoma patients
        
    | Characteristic | P value | HR | 95%CI | |
| Lower | Upper | |||
| Sex | 0.940 | 0.977 | 0.532 | 1.792 | 
| Age | 0.334 | 0.762 | 0.439 | 1.322 | 
| Hepatitis virus coinfection | 0.838 | 1.585 | 0.441 | 1.942 | 
| Liver cirrhosis | 0.018 | 1.802 | 1.109 | 2.930 | 
| AFP level | 0.258 | 1.326 | 0.813 | 2.163 | 
| Tumor size | 0.649 | 1.119 | 0.689 | 1.818 | 
| Degree of differentiation | 0.967 | 0.992 | 0.683 | 1.441 | 
| PTPN2 | 0.018 | 1.942 | 1.123 | 3.359 | 
            Table 5 Cox multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients
        
    | Characteristic | B | SE | Wald | P value | HR | 95%CI | |
| Lower | Upper | ||||||
| Age | -0.272 | 0.283 | 0.926 | 0.336 | 0.762 | 0.438 | 1.326 | 
| AFP level | 0.082 | 0.258 | 0.102 | 0.749 | 1.086 | 0.655 | 1.799 | 
| Liver cirrhosis | 0.586 | 0.254 | 5.303 | 0.021 | 1.796 | 1.091 | 2.958 | 
| Degree of differentiation | 0.138 | 0.250 | 0.303 | 0.582 | 1.148 | 0.703 | 1.875 | 
| PTPN2 expression | 0.667 | 0.282 | 5.607 | 0.018 | 1.949 | 1.122 | 3.386 | 
            Table 6 Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 oncogenic pathway parameters in Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
        
    | GeneSet | NES | NOM P value | FDR Q value | 
| KEGG_OOCYTE_MEIOSIS | 2.15 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 
| PROGESTERONE_MEDIATED_OOCYTE_MATURATION | 2.09 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 
| PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_SIGNALING_SYSTEM | 2.03 | 0.000 | 0.006 | 
| INOSITOL_PHOSPHATE_METABOLISM | 2.03 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 
| NEUROTROPHIN_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 2.02 | 0.000 | 0.005 | 
| PANCREATIC_CANCER | 2.02 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 
| PATHWAYS_IN_CANCER | 2.01 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| REGULATION_OF_AUTOPHAGY | 2.01 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| ENDOCYTOSIS | 2.00 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 
| UBIQUITIN_MEDIATED_PROTEOLYSIS | 1.99 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 
| NOTCH_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 1.99 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| REGULATION_OF_ACTIN_CYTOSKELETON | 1.98 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| CELL_CYCLE | 1.97 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 
| APOPTOSIS | 1.97 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| FC_GAMMA_R_MEDIATED_PHAGOCYTOSIS | 1.97 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| JAK_STAT_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 1.97 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 
| MAPK_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 1.96 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| SPLICEOSOME | 1.96 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| SMALL_CELL_LUNG_CANCER | 1.96 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
| INSULIN_SIGNALING_PATHWAY | 1.95 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 
            Table 7 Immune checkpoints associated with protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma
        
    | Gene | Correlation | P value | 
| ADORA2A | 0.151 | 0.0036a | 
| BTLA | 0.211 | 0a | 
| CD160 | 0.164 | 0.0015a | 
| CD244 | 0.099 | 0.0574 | 
| CD274 | -0.012 | 0.817 | 
| CD96 | 0.305 | 0a | 
| CSF1R | 0.214 | 0a | 
| CTLA4 | 0.307 | 0a | 
| HAVCR2 | 0.315 | 0a | 
| IDO1 | 0.075 | 0.15 | 
| IL10RB | 0.229 | 0a | 
| KDR | -0.187 | 0.0003a | 
| LAG3 | 0.185 | 0.0003a | 
| LGALS9 | 0.309 | 0a | 
| PDCD1 | 0.344 | 0a | 
| PDCD1LG2 | 0.139 | 0.0074a | 
| PVRL2 | 0.217 | 0a | 
| TGFB1 | 0.34 | 0a | 
| TGFBR1 | 0.121 | 0.019a | 
| TIGIT | 0.268 | 0a | 
| VTCN1 | 0.11 | 0.0333a | 
| C10orf54 | 0.084 | 0.104 | 
| CD27 | 0.284 | 0a | 
| CD276 | 0.326 | 0a | 
| CD28 | 0.119 | 0.022a | 
| CD40 | -0.11 | 0.0336a | 
| CD40LG | 0.291 | 0a | 
| CD48 | 0.335 | 0a | 
| CD80 | 0.215 | 0a | 
- Citation: Li HY, Jing YM, Shen X, Tang MY, Shen HH, Li XW, Wang ZS, Su F. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor II: A possible biomarker of poor prognosis and mediator of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(9): 3913-3931
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i9/3913.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i9.3913

 
         
                         
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                         
                         
                        