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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2024; 16(4): 1236-1247
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1236
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1236
Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients
| Variables | Total (n = 102) |
| Age, mean ± SD (range), yr | 57.64 ± 10.37 (34-91) |
| Male, n (%) | 89 (87.25) |
| ECOG PS, n (%) | |
| 0 | 53 (51.96) |
| 1 | 49 (48.04) |
| Etiology, HBV/others, n (%) | 80/22 (78.43/21.57) |
| BCLC stage, B/C, n (%) | 48/54 (47.06/52.94) |
| Maximum tumor diameter, mean ± SD, cm | 6.80 ± 3.74 |
| Number of tumors > 3, n (%) | 51 (50.00) |
| Portal vein invasion, n (%) | |
| Yes | 29 (28.43) |
| Extrahepatic metastasis, n (%) | |
| Yes | 42 (41.18) |
| Extrahepatic metastatic sites, n (%) | |
| Lung | 27 (26.47) |
| Bone | 7 (6.86) |
| Lymph nodes | 13 (12.75) |
| Abdominal cavity | 7 (6.86) |
| PD-1 antibody class, n (%) | |
| Sintilimab | 52 (50.98) |
| Nivolumab | 20 (19.61) |
| Camrelizumab | 17 (16.67) |
| Pembrolizumab | 7 (6.86) |
| Toripalimab | 6 (5.88) |
| Child-Pugh class, n (%) | |
| A | 93 (91.18) |
| B | 9 (8.82) |
| AFP level, n (%) | |
| > 400 ng/mL | 49 (48.04) |
| ≤ 400 ng/mL | 53 (51.96) |
| DCP level, n (%) | |
| > 40 mAU/mL | 89 (87.25) |
| ≤ 40 mAU/mL | 13 (12.75) |
| NLR, mean ± SD | 2.46 ± 1.59 |
| LDH, mean ± SD, U/L | 198.52 ± 102.05 |
Table 2 Clinical outcomes
| Variables | Total (n = 102) |
| Best overall response | |
| CR | 10 |
| PR | 53 |
| SD | 20 |
| PD | 19 |
| Objective response rate | 61.76% |
| Disease control rate | 81.37% |
| Median PFS | 10.07 months (95%CI: 8.50-11.65) |
| 6-month tumor PFS | 70.82% (95%CI: 60.80-78.72) |
| 12-month tumor PFS | 36.11% (95%CI: 26.49-45.79) |
| Median OS | 26.43 months (95%CI: 17.00-35.87) |
| 6-month survival | 92.63% (95%CI: 85.14-96.42) |
| 12-month survival | 84.15% (95%CI: 74.05-90.56) |
Table 3 Multivariate Cox regression analysis of overall survival
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
| HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
| Age (≤ 58 yr vs > 58 yr) | 0.65 (0.29-1.48) | 0.2900 | ||
| Gender (male vs female) | 0.40 (0.11-1.38) | 0.0412 | ||
| ECOG PS (0 vs 1) | 0.44 (0.20-0.98) | 0.0392 | ||
| Etiology (HBV vs others) | 0.61 (0.21-1.78) | 0.2843 | ||
| BCLC stage (C vs B) | 3.11 (1.36-7.11) | 0.0068 | 3.10 (1.18-8.13) | 0.021 |
| Maximum tumor diameter (≤ 6.8 vs > 6.8) | 0.66 (0.29-1.49) | 0.3100 | ||
| Number of tumors (≤ 3 vs > 3) | 0.67 (0.26-1.40) | 0.2131 | ||
| Portal vein invasion (absent vs presence) | 0.56 (0.22-1.41) | 0.1545 | ||
| Extrahepatic metastasis (absent vs presence) | 0.69 (0.30-1.59) | 0.3531 | ||
| Child-Pugh class (A vs B) | 1.29 (0.35-4.78) | 0.7266 | ||
| Baseline AFP (≤ 400 vs > 400) | 0.90 (0.39-2.03) | 0.7799 | ||
| Baseline DCP (≤ 40 vs > 40) | 1.78 (0.47-6.67) | 0.2890 | ||
| NLR (≤ 3 vs > 3) | 0.42 (0.16-1.09) | 0.0306 | ||
| LDH (≤ 198.52 vs > 198.52) | 0.43 (0.17-1.06) | 0.0347 | 0.22 (0.08-0.56) | 0.002 |
| Early NLR response (decrease vs increase) | 0.37 (0.16-0.89) | 0.0100 | 0.31 (0.11-0.89) | 0.030 |
| Early AFP response (decrease ≤ 20% vs > 20%) | 3.11 (1.31-7.39) | 0.0043 | 3.90 (1.42-10.69) | 0.008 |
| Early DCP response (decrease ≤ 20% vs > 20%) | 2.42 (0.78-7.51) | 0.0407 | ||
Table 4 Multivariate Cox regression analysis of progression-free survival
| Variables | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
| HR (95%CI) | P value | HR (95%CI) | P value | |
| Age (≤ 58 vs > 58 yr) | 0.98 (0.64-1.49) | 0.9279 | ||
| Gender (male vs female) | 0.64 (0.31-1.32) | 0.1413 | ||
| ECOG PS (0 vs 1) | 0.90 (0.59-1.37) | 0.6087 | ||
| Etiology (HBV vs others) | 0.78 (0.45-1.36) | 0.3417 | ||
| BCLC stage (C vs B) | 1.82 (1.18-2.80) | 0.0036 | 1.75 (1.12-2.74) | 0.014 |
| Maximum tumor diameter (≤ 6.8 vs > 6.8) | 0.99 (0.65-1.52) | 0.9933 | ||
| Number of tumors (≤ 3 vs > 3) | 0.81 (0.53-1.23) | 0.3099 | ||
| Portal vein invasion (absent vs presence) | 0.77 (0.47-1.26) | 0.2597 | ||
| Extrahepatic metastasis (absent vs presence) | 0.73 (0.47-1.14) | 0.1408 | ||
| Child-Pugh class (A vs B) | 1.26 (0.67-2.36) | 0.5094 | ||
| Baseline AFP (≤ 400 vs > 400) | 1.00 (0.65-1.53) | 0.9992 | ||
| Baseline DCP (≤ 40 vs > 40) | 1.27 (0.64-2.55) | 0.4486 | ||
| NLR (≤ 3 vs > 3) | 0.93 (0.56-1.54) | 0.7707 | ||
| LDH (≤ 198.52 vs > 198.52) | 0.85 (0.53-1.35) | 0.4605 | ||
| Early NLR response (decrease vs increase) | 0.54 (0.34-0.86) | 0.0025 | 0.56 (0.35-0.90) | 0.016 |
| Early AFP response (decrease ≤ 20% vs > 20%) | 1.70 (1.08-2.66) | 0.0116 | 1.73 (1.12-2.66) | 0.013 |
| Early DCP response (decrease ≤ 20% vs > 20%) | 1.73 (0.97-3.09) | 0.0250 | ||
- Citation: Ma KP, Fu JX, Duan F, Wang MQ. Efficacy and predictive factors of transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib plus programmed cell death protein-1 inhibition for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(4): 1236-1247
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i4/1236.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1236