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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Mar 15, 2024; 16(3): 894-906
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.894
Published online Mar 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.894
Variables | PDAC, n = 54 | IPMN, n = 42 | Normal pancreas, n = 60 | P value |
Age, mean ± SD | 64.8 ± 10.4 | 63.2 ± 10.3 | 60.0 ± 10.6 | 0.057 |
Male, n (%) | 25 (46.3) | 20 (47.6) | 24 (40.0) | 0.695 |
Smoking, n (%) | 7 (13.0) | 5 (11.9) | 8 (13.6) | 0.970 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 16 (29.6) | 14 (33.3) | 16 (26.7) | 0.768 |
Participants’ comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
HBV | 1 (1.9) | 4 (9.5) | 4 (6.8) | 0.258 |
HCV | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.3) | 0.198 |
NAFLD | 1 (1.9) | 3 (7.1) | 8 (13.3) | 0.071 |
CAD | 2 (3.7) | 2 (4.8) | 5 (9.3) | 0.441 |
ESRD | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.255 |
DM | 3 (5.6) | 4 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.066 |
HT | 2 (3.7) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.127 |
Old CVA | 2 (3.8) | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.128 |
Laboratory results, mean ± SD | ||||
Albumin in g/dL | 3.7 ± 0.7 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 0.002 |
Total bilirubin in mg/dL | 5.7 ± 9.7 | 1.8 ± 4.6 | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.009 |
Aspartate aminotransferase in U/L | 73.4 ± 115.1 | 26.0 ± 18.0 | 23.0 ± 7.4 | 0.001 |
Alanine aminotransferase in U/L | 86.9 ± 156.1 | 23.4 ± 11.9 | 25.9 ± 14.8 | < 0.001 |
Alkaline phosphatase in U/L | 279.8± 412.6 | 95.2 ± 91.3 | 73.5 ± 22.5 | < 0.001 |
INR | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.009 |
Amylase | 120.8 ± 160.0 | 82.0 ± 52.2 | 74.1 ± 16.3 | 0.879 |
Variable | PDAC, n = 54 | IPMN, n = 42 | Normal pancreas, n = 60 | P value2 |
1,4-pentadiene | 0.34 ± 0.34 | 0.32 ± 0.28 | 0.32 ± 0.21 | 0.626 |
Acetone dimer | 5.19 ± 0.74 | 4.49 ± 0.81 | 3.95 ± 0.86 | < 0.001 |
Acetone monomer | 3.99 ± 0.79 | 4.21 ± 0.59 | 4.07 ± 0.69 | 0.411 |
Acetonitrile | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.14 ± 0.10 | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.544 |
Benzene | 0.20 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.11 | 0.25 ± 0.19 | 0.336 |
Dimethyl sulfide | 0.94 ± 0.40 | 0.74 ± 0.38 | 0.73 ± 0.40 | 0.008 |
Ethanol | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 0.26 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.726 |
Isopropyl alcohol | 0.31 ± 0.45 | 0.19 ± 0.23 | 0.20 ± 0.27 | 0.731 |
Toluene | 0.56 ± 0.42 | 0.57 ± 0.52 | 0.50 ± 0.37 | 0.655 |
Variable | Metastasis, n = 30 | Non-metastasis, n = 24 | P value2 |
1,4-pentadiene | 0.36 ± 0.24 | 0.31 ± 0.47 | 0.741 |
Acetone dimer | 5.10 ± 0.92 | 5.26 ± 0.57 | 0.403 |
Acetone monomer | 3.90 ± 0.82 | 4.08 ± 0.75 | 0.497 |
Acetonitrile | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.315 |
Benzene | 0.19 ± 0.09 | 0.22 ± 0.20 | 0.932 |
Dimethyl sulfide | 0.96 ± 0.41 | 0.92 ± 0.38 | 0.016 |
Ethanol | 0.24 ± 0.05 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.321 |
Isopropyl alcohol | 0.39 ± 0.56 | 0.19 ± 0.18 | 0.308 |
Toluene | 0.56 ± 0.45 | 0.57 ± 0.39 | 0.676 |
Biomarker | AUC | Cut off | Sensitivity, % | Specificity, % | Accuracy, % | NPV, % | PPV, % | P value1 |
CA19-9 | 0.796 | 28.75 | 76.7 | 88.4 | 85.3 | 83.3 | 88.4 | - |
Dimethyl sulfide | 0.671 | 0.78 | 68.5 | 59.8 | 62.8 | 78.2 | 47.4 | 0.115 |
Dimethyl sulfide + CA19-9 | 0.823 | 0.31 | 80 | 76.7 | 57.0 | 84.6 | 70.6 | 0.555 |
Acetone dimer | 0.910 | 4.97 | 87.0 | 92.2 | 90.4 | 93.1 | 85.5 | 0.116 |
Acetone dimer + CA19-9 | 0.936 | 0.29 | 96.7 | 86.0 | 90.4 | 97.4 | 82.9 | 0.020 |
- Citation: Tiankanon K, Pungpipattrakul N, Sukaram T, Chaiteerakij R, Rerknimitr R. Identification of breath volatile organic compounds to distinguish pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pancreatic cystic neoplasm, and patients without pancreatic lesions. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16(3): 894-906
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5204/full/v16/i3/894.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v16.i3.894