Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Nov 15, 2024; 16(11): 4424-4435
Published online Nov 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i11.4424
Table 1 Features of gastric hyperplastic polyps in different groups and univariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for neoplastic transformation

GHPs without IN (n = 3874)
GHPs with IN (n = 136)χ2 test
Univariate analysis
χ2 value
P value
P value
OR (95%CI)
Age (mean ± SD), years57.86 ± 0.2264.76 ± 1.0437.178< 0.001< 0.0011.761 (1.459-2.126)
≤ 45 years, n (%)699 (18)9 (6)
45-65 years, n (%)1988 (51)54 (40)
> 65 years, n (%)1187 (31)73 (54)
Sex, n (%)    9.0570.0110.0031.672 (1.188-2.356)
Male1423 (37)67 (49)
Female2451 (63)69 (51)
H. pylori infection, n (%)782 (20)22 (16)1.8650.1720.1740.721 (0.450-1.155)
Multiple polyps, n (%)1122 (29.4)62 (46)23.162< 0.001< 0.0012.275 (1.614-3.207)
Polyp size (mean ± SD), cm0.66 ± 0.01203.055< 0.001< 0.0013.634 (2.948-4.478)
≤ 1 cm3406 (88)66 (48)
1 cm-2 cm374 (10)53 (39)
> 2 cm94 (2)17 (13)
Endoscopic color, n (%)18.626< 0.0010.030.671 (0.472-0.972)
Normal2113 (55)53 (40)
Red1488 (40)82 (60)
White275 (5)1 (0)
Mucosal erosion, n (%)289 (8)30 (22)38.701< 0.001< 0.0013.538 (2.318-5.402)
Polyp lobulation, n (%)185 (5)25 (18)49.109< 0.001< 0.0014.491 (2.840-7.102)
Mucosal roughness, n (%)864 (22)69 (51)59.494< 0.001< 0.0013.588 (2.542-5.064)
Endoscopic classification, n (%)169.676< 0.001< 0.0012.604 (2.210-3.067)
I2480 (64)35 (26)
II1007 (26)42 (31)
III233 (6)27 (20)
IV155 (4)32 (23)
Location, n (%)23.926< 0.001< 0.0011.750 (1.384-2.212)
Upper third1457 (38)31 (23)
Middle third1715 (44)60 (44)
Lower third702 (18)45 (33)
Background gastric mucosa, n (%)81.877< 0.001< 0.0011.699 (1.472-1.960)
Autoimmune gastritis364 (9.4)29 (21)
Chronic superficial gastritis2466 (64)42 (31)
Chronic atrophic gastritis712 (18)31 (23)
Gastritis with IN332 (9)34 (25)
Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for neoplastic transformation of gastric hyperplastic polyps
Risk factors
P value
OR
95%CI
Age
≤ 65 years1
> 65 year0.0031.7891.227-2.609
Sex    
Female1    
Male0.0061.6801.158-2.438
Number
Single1
Multiple (n ≥ 2)0.0031.8511.230-2.784
Polyp size
≤ 1 cm1
1 cm-2 cm< 0.0013.5652.177-5.838
> 2 cm< 0.0013.7561.909-7.392
Endoscopic color-red0.7010.9160.619-1.356
Mucosal erosion0.2710.750.454-1.255
Polyp lobulation0.2640.730.432-1.263
Mucosal roughness0.1281.380.912-2.093
Shape
Non-pedunculated1
Pedunculated or semi-pedunculated< 0.0012.7221.689-4.388
Location, n (%)
Upper third1
Middle third0.0660.6090.368-1.011
Lower third0.0551.6240.968-2.724
Background gastric mucosa
Chronic superficial gastritis1
Chronic atrophic gastritis0.0141.8761.134-3.103
Gastritis with intraepithelial neoplasia< 0.0015.2993.173-8.849
Autoimmune gastritis< 0.0012.6721.559-4.579
Table 3 Analysis of gastric hyperplastic polyps with low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia

GHPs with low-grade IN (n = 119)
GHPs with high-grade IN (n = 17)
χ2 test
Univariate analysis
χ2 value
P value
P value
OR (95%CI)
Age (mean ± SD), years64.49 ± 1.1367.93 ± 2.550.66210.4041.461 (0.600-3.555)
≤ 45 years, n (%)8 (7)1 (6)
45-65 years, n (%)49 (41)5 (30)
> 65 years, n (%)62 (52)11 (65)
Sex (male), n (%)57 (48)10 (59)0.7100.3990.4021.544 (0.554-4.355)
H. pylori infection, n (%)20 (17)2 (12)0.65410.6550.702 (0.148-3.322)
Multiple polyps, n (%)51 (43)11 (65)2.0350.1540.5422.133 (0.741-6.145)
Polyp size (mean ± SD), cm1.25 ± 0.072.2 ± 0.3216.6240.0240.017
≤ 1 cm63 (52)3 (18)-1
1 cm-2 cm46 (39)7 (41)0.0346.956 (1.159-41.729)
> 2 cm10 (8)7 (41)0.4901.766 (0.352-8.865)
Endoscopic color, n (%)3.3820.1840.2322.455 (0.826-7.294)
Normal50 (42)4 (24)
Red69 (58)13 (76)
Mucosal erosion, n (%)23 (20)7 (41)4.4030.0510.2242.891 (0.994-8.411)
Polyp lobulation, n (%)19 (16)6 (35)3.7040.0540.0862.781 (0.947-8.703)
Mucosal roughness, n (%)58 (49)11 (65)1.5170.2180.2371.928 (0.670-5.552)
Endoscopic classification, n (%)0.02010.331
I35 (29)0 (0)
II40 (34)2 (12)
III19 (16)8 (47)
IV25 (21)7 (41)
Shape, n (%)8.6000.003
Non-pedunculated75 (63)2 (12)-1
Pedunculated or semi-pedunculated44 (37)15 (82)0.0107.375 (1.615-33.671)
Location, n (%)4.4510.1030.3020.632 (0.316-1.263)
Upper third27 (23)4 (24)
Middle third49 (41)11 (65)
Lower third43 (36)2 (12)
Background gastric mucosa, n (%)0.55310.6441.788 (0.362-8.388)
Autoimmune gastritis24 (20)5 (29)
Chronic superficial gastritis39 (33)3 (18)
Chronic atrophic gastritis26 (22)5 (29)
Gastritis with IN30 (25)4 (24)