Development and validation of an online calculator to predict the pathological nature of colorectal tumors

Table 1 Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of patients with colorectal adenoma and early colorectal cancer in model cohorts

Variables	CRA (n = 287)	ECRC (n = 243)	P value
Sex			0.296
Male (n, %)	191 (66.6)	172 (70.8)
Female (n, %)	96 (33.4)	71 (29.2)
Age (yr) (mean ± SD)	60.86 ± 10.37	64.65 ± 9.91	0.146
Type			0.086
0-I (n, %)	210 (73.2)	180 (74.1)
0-II (n, %)	45 (15.7)	25 (10.3)
LST (n, %)	32 (11.1)	38 (15.6)
Location			0
Rectum (n, %)	26 (9.1)	54 (22.2)
Left semicolon (n, %)	140 (48.8)	136 (56.0)
Right semicolon (n, %)	121 (42.2)	53 (21.8)
Size (mm, mean ± SD)	10.36 ± 5.61	19.28 ± 11.36	0
Size (mm)			0
< 10 (n, %)	147 (51.2)	25 (10.3)
≥ 10 (n, %)	140 (48.8)	218 (89.7)
Size (mm)			0
≤ 20 (n, %)	257 (89.5)	129 (53.1)
> 20 (n, %)	30 (10.5)	114 (46.9)
White-light endoscopy
Hyperemia (n, %)	76 (26.5)	160 (65.8)	0
Erosion (n, %)	3 (1.0)	38 (15.6)	0
Acanthosis (n, %)	57 (19.9)	166 (68.3)	0
Lobulation (n, %)	66 (23.0)	100 (41.2)	0
Depression (n, %)	12 (4.2)	74 (30.5)	0
Expansive appearance (n, %)	37 (12.9)	63 (25.9)	0
Large nodule (n, %)	15 (5.2)	44 (18.1)	0
Uneven surface (n, %)	24 (8.4)	125 (51.4)	0

LST: Laterally spreading tumor; CRA: Colorectal adenoma; ECRC: Early colorectal cancer.

Table 2 Risk factors for early colorectal cancer in the multivariable logistic regression model

Variable	Univariate Model	Multivariate Model
	P value	OR (95%CI)	β	P value
Size	< 0.001	5.233 (2.008-13.636)	1.655	0.001
Left semicolon	< 0.001	2.338 (1.329-4.111)	0.849	0.003
Rectum	< 0.001	3.715 (1.692-8.160)	1.312	0.001
Hyperemia	< 0.001	1.305 (0.756-2.251)	0.266	0.339
Erosion	< 0.001	3.848 (0.820-18.052)	1.348	0.088
Acanthosis	< 0.001	5.199 (3.057-8.842)	1.648	0
Lobulation	< 0.001	1.276 (0.729-2.233)	0.243	0.394
Depression	< 0.001	5.162 (2.216-12.021)	1.641	0
Expansive appearance	< 0.001	0.910 (0.471-1.756)	-0.095	0.778
Large nodule	< 0.001	1.146 (0.480-2.732)	0.136	0.759
Uneven surface	< 0.001	5.583 (3.030-10.286)	1.72	0

Table 3 Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in histology prediction during the pretraining test and posttraining test

Group	Pretraining test (95%CI)	Posttraining test (95%CI)	P value
LEE
Sensitivity	57.6 (48.5-66.4)	75.5 (67.0-82.4)	0.004
Specificity	72.3 (61.8-80.5)	82.4 (74.2-88.5)	0.032
Accuracy	64.2 (56.4-70.3)	80.2 (71.3-87.6)	< 0.001
HEE
Sensitivity	71.2 (60.4-80.1)	80.4 (71.6-88.1)	0.043
Specificity	82.1 (73.8-88.2)	88.2 (81.5-95.3)	0.223
Accuracy	76.5 (69.3-83.6)	86.0 (80.2-91.7)	0.071

LEE: Less-experienced endoscopists; HEE: Highly experienced endoscopists.