Conditional survival probability of distant-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A population-based study

Table 1 Clinical and pathological characteristics distribution of distant metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Characteristics	n	%
Age, yr
< 55	299	19.91
55-65	656	43.68
≥ 65	547	36.42
Gender
Male	1230	81.89
Female	272	18.11
Race
White	978	65.11
Black	237	15.78
Other	287	19.11
Marital status
Single	405	26.96
Married	742	49.40
Separated	355	23.64
AFP expression
Positive	1266	84.29
Negative	236	15.71
Tumor size
≤ 5 cm	410	27.30
> 5 cm	1092	72.70
T stage
T1	337	22.44
T2	216	14.38
T3	783	52.13
T4	166	11.05
N stage
N0	1031	68.64
N1	471	31.36
Surgery
No	1420	94.54
Yes	82	5.46
Chemotherapy
No/unknown	691	46.01
Yes	811	53.99
Radiotherapy
No/unknown	1200	79.89
Yes	302	20.11
Lung metastasis
No	949	63.18
Yes	553	36.82
Bone metastasis
No	1072	71.37
Yes	430	28.63
Brain metastasis
No	1475	98.20
Yes	27	1.80
Survival status
Alive	45	3.00
Other cause death	78	5.19
Cancer specific death	1379	91.81
Total	1502	100

AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein.

Table 2 Multivariate analyses of factors associated with overall survival and cancer-specific survival

Characteristics	Overall survival		Cancer-specific survival
	HR	P value	HR	P value
Age, yr
< 55
55-65	1.03 (0.89-1.19)	0.67	0.98 (0.85-1.13)	0.78
≥ 65	1.09 (0.94-1.26)	0.27	1.02 (0.88-1.19)	0.77
Gender
Female
Male	1.1 (0.96-1.26)	0.18	1.07 (0.93-1.24)	0.35
Race
Black
White	1.03 (0.89-1.2)	0.67	1.09 (0.93-1.27)	0.29
Other	1.12 (0.93-1.34)	0.23	1.2 (0.99-1.45)	0.063
Marital status
Married
Single	1.00 (0.88-1.14)	0.96	0.95 (0.83-1.08)	0.42
Separated	0.93 (0.82-1.07)	0.31	0.86 (0.75-0.99)	0.038
AFP expression
Negative
Positive	1.35 (1.17-1.56)	5.02E-05	1.33 (1.16-1.52)	5.70E-05
Tumor size
> 5 cm
≤ 5 cm	0.86 (0.74-1.00)	0.057	0.97 (0.83-1.13)	0.69
T stage
T1
T2	1.15 (0.95-1.39)	0.16	0.98 (0.8-1.2)	0.85
T3	1.27 (1.1-1.46)	1.03E-03	1.24 (1.07-1.42)	3.30E-03
T4	1.27 (1.04-1.54)	0.18	1.29 (1.07-1.56)	7.30E-03
N stage
N0
N1	1.19 (1.06-1.33)	3.89E-03	1.12 (0.99-1.27)	0.062
Surgery
No
Yes	0.42 (0.32-0.54)	7.65E-12	0.51 (0.41-0.64)	1.50E-09
Chemotherapy
No/unknown
Yes	0.59 (0.53-0.66)	1.42E-21	1.39 (1.25-1.56)	2.40E-09
Radiotherapy
No/unknown
Yes	0.71 (0.61-0.83)	1.40E-05	1.25 (1.09-1.42)	9.00E-04
Lung metastasis
No
Yes	1.36 (1.22-1.52)	9.97E-08	1.29 (1.15-1.45)	1.60E-05
Bone metastasis
No
Yes	1.22 (1.07-1.39)	3.76E-03	1.24 (1.08-1.41)	1.70E-03
Brain metastasis
No
Yes	0.97 (0.65-1.44)	0.89	0.96 (0.61-1.5)	0.85

AFP: α-fetoprotein; HR: Hazard ratio.

Table 3 Six-month conditional overall survival rates of patients with distant-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma

Characteristics		Overall survival (months after diagnosis)
		0	d	2	d	4	d	6	d
Overall		32.79		41.05		47.48		53.31
Age, yr
< 55	30.69		42.39		59.26		64.45
55-65	33.86	0.07	39.96	-0.05	44.03	-0.30	45.78	-0.37
≥ 65	32.64	0.04	41.65	-0.02	49.58	-0.19	56.99	-0.15
Gender
Female	34.64		43.92		52.4		55.63
Male	32.38	-0.05	40.42	-0.07	46.37	-0.12	52.75	-0.06
Race
Black	33.03		41.07		48.04		51.95
White	34.35	0.03	42.77	0.03	48.1	0.001	54.56	0.05
Other	27.17	-0.12	34.55	-0.13	44.34	-0.07	49.06	-0.06
Marital status
Married	32.59		40.58		46.51		54.99
Single	32.99	0.01	42.24	0.03	51.3	0.10	52.08	-0.06
Separated	32.96	0.01	40.71	0.00	45.57	-0.02	51.27	-0.07
AFP expression
Positive	30.77		38.99		44.09		49.63
Negative	43.69	0.28	50.46	0.23	62.1	0.36	67.32	0.35
Tumor size
≤ 5 cm	38.43		50.31		62.75		60.63
> 5 cm	30.67	-0.17	37.48	-0.26	39.59	-0.46	49.85	-0.22
T stage
T1	39.82		49.18		56.84		60.72
T2	36.94	-0.06	49.78	0.01	57	0.003	55.68	-0.10
T3	28.86	-0.23	34.84	-0.29	41.77	-0.30	49.69	-0.22
T4	31.63	-0.17	40.2	-0.18	33.72	-0.46	46.16	-0.29
N stage
N0	34.58		43.29		50.08		57.11
N1	28.87	-0.12	35.65	-0.16	40.76	-0.19	43.26	-0.28
Surgery
No	30.65		38.31		44.61		50.83
Yes	69.51	0.83	73.97	0.73	74.6	0.60	71.93	0.42
Chemotherapy
No/unknown	21.54		35.16		46.49		52.55
Yes	42.34	0.44	44.13	0.18	47.92	0.03	53.61	0.02
Radiotherapy
No/unknown	28.85		38.14		45.8		53
Yes	48.42	0.42	49.72	0.24	50	0.08	54.05	0.02
Lung metastasis
No	38.7		44.51		48.12		51.58
Yes	22.59	-0.34	33.02	-0.23	45.71	-0.05	58.48	0.14
Bone metastasis
No	31.33		39.55		46.72		53.91
Yes	36.41	0.11	44.54	0.10	49.19	0.05	51.94	-0.04
Brain metastasis
No	32.85		41.08		47.44		53.15
Yes	29.63	-0.07	38.89	-0.04	50	0.05	62.5	0.19

0, 2, 4, 6 refer to the months that patients have survived since initial diagnosis. AFP: α-fetoprotein; d: Standardized differences.

Table 4 Six-month conditional cancer-specific survival rates of patients with distant-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma

Characteristics		Cancer-specific survival (months after diagnosis)
		0	d	2	d	4	d	6	d
Overall		34.77		42.48		48.6		55.11
Age, yr
< 55	32.05		43.36		53.19		66.41
55-65	36	0.08	41.63	-0.04	45.44	-0.16	42.52	-0.48
≥ 65	34.79	0.06	43.05	-0.01	50.09	-0.06	56.97	-0.19
Gender
Female	36.67		45.76		54.64		58.38
Male	34.35	-0.05	41.77	-0.08	47.24	-0.15	54.33	-0.08
Race
Black	36.22		43.24		49.22		55.84
White	36.31	0.00	44.26	0.02	49.36	0.00	56.34	0.01
Other	28.31	-0.17	35.2	-0.16	44.84	-0.09	50.3	-0.11
Marital status
Married	34.01		41.82		47.37		55.74
Single	35.15	0.02	43.06	0.03	52.07	0.09	54.74	-0.02
Separated	36	0.04	43.25	0.03	47.46	0.00	54.23	-0.03
AFP expression
Positive	32.75		44.94		45.3		51.21
Negative	45.67	0.27	51.74	0.14	62.82	0.35	70	0.38
Tumor size
≤ 5 cm	40.79		51.88		64.07		62.94
> 5 cm	32.51	-0.17	38.86	-0.26	42.46	-0.43	51.42	-0.23
T stage
T1	41.66		50.32		57.88		62.8
T2	40.4	-0.03	51.47	0.02	59.43	0.03	57.77	-0.10
T3	30.68	-0.23	36.49	-0.28	42.85	-0.30	51.69	-0.22
T4	32.82	-0.19	40.66	-0.20	38.16	-0.39	46.15	-0.33
N stage
N0	36.48		44.7		51.36		62.39
N1	31.00	-0.12	37.11	-0.15	41.57	-0.20	44.53	-0.36
Surgery
No	32.69		39.81		45.84		52.64
Yes	69.51	0.77	73.97	0.69	74.6	0.58	73.6	0.42
Chemotherapy
No/unknown	24.05		37.52		48.05		56.21
Yes	43.68	0.41	45.05	0.15	48.87	0.02	54.64	-0.03
Radiotherapy
No/unknown	30.92		39.7		47.66		55.55
Yes	49.75	0.40	50.72	0.22	51	0.07	54.05	-0.03
Lung metastasis
No	40.69		46.02		49.33		53.7
Yes	24.4	-0.34	34.24	-0.24	46.61	-0.05	59.18	0.11
Bone metastasis
No	33.52		41.03		48.1		55.99
Yes	37.84	0.09	45.87	0.10	49.79	0.03	53.21	-0.06
Brain metastasis
No	34.83		42.5		48.59		54.78
Yes	31.91	-0.06	42.48	-0.0004	48.61	0.0004	64.46	0.19

0, 2, 4, 6 refer to the months that patients have survived since initial diagnosis. AFP: α-fetoprotein; d: Standardized differences.