Systemic treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Summary of completed clinical trials investigating immunotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer patients

Ref.	Drug(s)	No. of patients	ORR (%)	Mean OS (mo)	Mean PFS (mo)	Results
Le et al[50], 2013	Ipilimumab vs ipilimumab plus GVAX	15/15	-	3.6/5.7 1-yr OS (%) 7/27	-	Ipilimumab combined with GVAX was efficacious in advanced pancreatic cancer treatment
Kamath et al[52], 2020	Ipilimumab plus gemcitabine	21	14	6.9	2.78	Gemcitabine plus Ipilimumab is a safe and tolerable regimen for advanced pancreatic cancer with a similar response rate to gemcitabine alone
Aglietta et al[53], 2014	Tremelimumab plus gemcitabine	34	-	7.4	-	Tremelimumab with gemcitabine had a favorable safety and tolerability profile, indicating that it should be studied further in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Renouf et al[54], 2022	Gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, durvalumab, and tremelimumab vs gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel	119/61	30.3/23.3	9.8/8.8	5.5/5.4	The results did not demonstrate a benefit from adding durvalumab and tremelimumab to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel as a first line therapy in advanced pancreatic cancer patients
Reiss et al[57], 2022	Niraparib and nivolumab vs niraparib and ipilimumab	91 (46/45)	7.1/15.4	13.2/17.3	1.9/8.1	The advantage of niraparib with ipilimumab maintenance treatment extended to patients who did not have known DDR mutations, indicating that the impact is not dependent on DDR deficit
Bockorny et al[67], 2021	Motixafortide, pembrolizumab and FOLFIRINOX	43	13.2	6.6	3.8	In a group with poor prognoses and aggressive diseases, motixafortide and pembrolizumab in conjunction with FOLFIRINOX demonstrated effectiveness. The therapy was well tolerated
O’Reilly et al[69], 2019	Durvalumab vs durvalumab and tremelimumab	64 (32/32)	0/3.1	3.6/3.1	1.5/1.5	The medication was well tolerated, and both durvalumab monotherapy and durvalumab combined with tremelimumab were effective in treating advanced pancreatic cancer patients with a poor prognosis

DDR: DNA damage repair; FOLFIRINOX: Folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin; GVAX: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene-transfected tumor cell vaccine; ORR: Objective response rate; OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival.