Nomogram for predicting the prognosis of tumor patients with sepsis after gastrointestinal surgery

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with sepsis

Baseline characteristics	Number (%)
Age, median (Q1, Q3)	66 (59,73)
Sex
Male	235 (77.6)
Female	68 (22.4)
BMI, Mean (SD), kg/m2	23.7 (4.0)
Tumor type
Gastric cancer	138 (45.5)
Colorectal cancer	148 (48.8)
Other abdominal tumors	17 (5.6)
Coexisting disease1
Hypertension	106 (35.0)
Diabetes	55 (18.2)
Coronary heart disease	32 (10.6)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	15 (5.0)
Arrhythmia	22 (7.3)
Chronic renal insufficiency	4 (1.3)
Location of infection2
Abdominal infection	229 (75.6)
Pneumonia	58 (19.1)
Intrathoracic infection	19 (6.3)
Enterogenous infection	16 (5.3)
Surgical wound infection	7 (2.3)
Skin and soft tissue infection	6 (2.0)
Central line-associated bloodstream infection	4 (1.3)
Urinary tract infection	4 (1.3)
Biliary infection	2 (0.7)
First surgery
Laparoscopic	76 (25.1)
Open	227 (74.9)

¹47 patients had more than one chronic disease.

²38 patients were infected with more than one site.

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of patients with sepsis

Parameters	Number (%)	Survival rate at 90-d	P value
Age, yr			0.405
≤ 65	149 (49.2)	0.913
> 65	154 (50.8.0)	0.883
Sex			0.190
Male	235 (77.6)	0.885
Female	68 (22.4)	0.941
BMI, kg/m2			0.013
≤ 20	59 (19.5)	0.797
20 < BMI ≤ 30	225 (74.3)	0.924
> 30	19 (6.3)	0.895
Charlson score			0.298
≤ 3	229 (75.6)	0.908
> 3	74 (24.4)	0.865
Tumor type			0.026
Gastric cancer	138 (45.5)	0.848
Colorectal cancer	148 (48.8)	0.946
Other abdominal tumors	17 (5.6)	0.882
The first operation was emergency			0.725
No	268 (88.4)	0.896
Yes	35 (11.6)	0.914
First surgery			0.575
Laparoscopic	76 (25.1)	0.882
Open	227 (74.9)	0.903
Length of first operation, min			0.526
≤ 240	220 (72.6)	0.905
> 240	83 (27.4)	0.880
Empirical anti infection evaluation			0.001
Sensitive	229 (75.6)	0.917
Resistance	26 (8.6)	0.692
No pathogen detected	48(17.1)	0.917
Septic shock			0.001
No	184 (60.7)	0.978
Yes	119 (39.3)	0.773
Leukocyte count, 109/L			0.143
≤ 4	49 (16.2)	0.837
4 < WBC ≤ 12	142 (46.9)	0.930
> 12	112 (37.0)	0.884
Number of lymphocytes, 109/L			0.004
≤ 0.2	28 (9.2)	0.750
> 0.2	275 (90.8)	0.913
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio			0.883
≤ 20	218 (71.9)	0.899
> 20	85 (28.1)	0.894
APTT, S			0.003
≤ 50	244 (80.5)	0.922
> 50	59 (19.5)	0.797
Albumin, g/L			0.279
≤ 30	168 (55.4)	0.881
> 30	135 (44.6)	0.919
Serum creatinine, umol/L			0.001
≤ 120	256 (84.5)	0.926
> 120	47 (15.5)	0.745
Cardiac troponin I, ng/mL			0.130
≤ 0.05	253 (83.5)	0.909
> 0.05	50 (16.5)	0.840
Procalcitonin, ng/mL			0.034
≤ 10	214 (70.6)	0.921
> 10	89 (29.4)	0.843
Lactic acid, mmol/L			0.001
≤ 3	227 (74.9)	0.934
> 3	76 (25.1)	0.789
Oxygenation index, mmHg			0.001
≤ 200	146 (48.2)	0.836
> 200	157 (51.8)	0.955
SOFA score			0.001
≤ 6	175 (57.8)	0.983
> 6	128 (42.2)	0.781
Gastrointestinal fistula or perforation			0.364
No	183 (60.4)	0.885
Yes	120 (39.6)	0.917
Operation times			0.001
1	174 (57.4)	0.885
2	123 (40.6)	0.943
3	6 (2.0)	0.333

BMI: Body mass index; SOFA: Sequential organ failure score; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time.

Table 3 Multiple analysis of patients with sepsis

Factors	B	HR	95% interval		P value
			Lower	Upper
Tumor type (Ref: Gastric cancer)					0.007
Colorectal cancer	-1.254	0.286	0.125	0.657	0.003
Other abdominal tumors	-0.249	0.780	0.180	3.370	0.739
Septic shock	2.204	7.569	2.539	22.557	0.001
Number of lymphocytes	-1.209	0.298	0.120	0.742	0.009
Serum creatinine	1.163	3.199	1.463	6.992	0.004
Operation times (Ref: 1)					0.006
2	-0.704	0.485	0.202	1.162	0.105
3	1.609	4998	1.613	15.490	0.005