Biofeedback therapy combined with Baduanjin on quality of life and gastrointestinal hormone level in patients with colorectal cancer

Table 1 General data of four groups of patients (n = 112, mean ± SD)

	Group A	Group B	Group C	Group D	Statistic	P value
Number of cases (Male/female)	15/14	16/12	15/13	15/12	0.19	0.98
Age (yr)	52.89 ± 6.43	53.93 ± 7.63	52.79 ± 5.85	54.70 ± 6.29	0.53	0.66
BMI	21.17 ± 1.35	21.49 ± 1.02	21.55 ± 1.14	20.95 ± 1.32	1.49	0.22
Operation site/case					0.93	0.99
Left colon	8	8	6	8
Right colon	6	7	8	6
Rectum	15	13	14	13

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Clinical efficacy of four groups

Group	Number of cases	Show effect	Alleviate	Effective	Be invalid	Total effective rate
Group A	29	1	6	8	14	51.72%b
Group B	28	3	8	8	9	67.86%a
Group C	28	3	11	6	8	71.43%
Group D	27	7	14	4	2	92.59%

^aP < 0.05, between group D, group A, group B and group C 12 wk after intervention.

^bP < 0.01, between group D, group A, group B and group C 12 wk after intervention.

Table 3 Symptom scoring scale of constipation (mean ± SD, score)

Group	Baseline	12 wk
Group A	16.52 ± 0.91	16.14 ± 0.99
Group B	16.36 ± 1.03	12.25 ± 1.93b,d
Group C	16.39 ± 0.96	12.11 ± 1.93b,d
Group D	16.22 ± 1.12	9.52 ± 1.72b,d

^bP < 0.01, the intra-group comparison of each group at different time points.

^dP < 0.01, the comparison of group B, group C and group D with the group A at the same time point.

Table 4 QLQ-CR38 scores of four groups before and after treatment (mean ± SD, min)

Group dimension	Group A		Group B		Group C		Group D
	Baseline	12 wk	Baseline	12 wk	Baseline	12 wk	Baseline	12 wk
Functional dimension
Body image	43.17 ± 16.45	49.45 ± 12.25a	41.32 ± 16.77	50.46 ± 13.24b	43.43 ± 17.16	53.43 ± 15.05b	42.48 ± 13.38	79.78 ± 13.75b,e
Future expectation	42.48 ± 13.27	47.48 ± 11.83	42.14 ± 14.42	61.93 ± 15.58b,e	43.64 ± 16.65	62.75 ± 15.16b,e	41.52 ± 15.60	80.48 ± 10.68b,e
Sexual function	23.45 ± 9.49	30.45 ± 12.65b	24.32 ± 8.35	35.82 ± 12.42b	22.64 ± 8.13	36.46 ± 11.55b	23.48 ± 9.37	43.33 ± 13.38b,e
Sexual satisfaction	38.52 ± 12.42	43.30 ± 13.72a	39.07 ± 11.26	52.29 ± 11.92b,e	40.07 ± 14.27	53.71 ± 12.60b,e	39.33 ± 13.21	65.07 ± 14.07b,e
Symptom dimension
Urination problem	45.28 ± 14.14	42.38 ± 12.05	44.86 ± 13.64	35.29 ± 10.73b,d	46.18 ± 12.16	35.29 ± 12.39b,d	44.56 ± 13.60	23.44 ± 7.80b,e
Gastrointestinal symptoms	37.34 ± 13.55	35.45 ± 11.06	38.46 ± 16.65	28.50 ± 12.71b,d	37.21 ± 15.35	27.54 ± 10.85b,e	38.44 ± 14.19	17.63 ± 9.37b,e
Adverse reactions of chemotherapy	14.34 ± 4.53	29.28 ± 6.64b	15.54 ± 7.09	26.18 ± 7.49b	15.46 ± 5.90	25.96 ± 5.98b	15.26 ± 5.16	18.41 ± 4.91a,e
Defecation problem	23.52 ± 9.70	35.38 ± 8.67b	24.18 ± 8.64	30.18 ± 7.83b,d	23.43 ± 7.36	29.82 ± 9.29b,d	24.56 ± 8.16	26.33 ± 6.52e
Issue related to stoma	50.45 ± 11.30	44.52 ± 11.23a	50.50 ± 10.90	36.29 ± 9.08b,e	49.54 ± 12.23	38.18 ± 6.91b,e	49.33 ± 11.68	24.74 ± 6.76b,e
Male sexual problems	60.83 ± 14.90	51.07 ± 13.44b	62.11 ± 11.25	45.71 ± 12.18b	60.93 ± 14.03	43.64 ± 10.73b,d	61.56 ± 13.27	42.63 ± 11.08b,e
Female sexual problems	26.72 ± 8.69	23.38 ± 5.80b	27.43 ± 7.71	21.68 ± 5.83b	27.86 ± 6.90	20.36 ± 5.70b	27.52 ± 8.10	18.30 ± 5.77b,e
Body mass	54.48 ± 14.19	49.41 ± 11.97a	55.32 ± 13.65	41.11 ± 9.87b,e	55.18 ± 11.44	42.68 ± 11.67b,d	55.11 ± 16.54	34.74 ± 9.65b,e

^aP < 0.05, the intra-group comparison of each group at different time points.

^bP < 0.01, the intra-group comparison of each group at different time points.

^dP < 0.05, the comparison of group B, group C and group D with the group A at the same time point.

^eP < 0.01, the comparison of group B, group C and group D with the group A at the same time point.

Table 5 Gastrointestinal hormone levels in peripheral blood of four groups (mean ± SD, pg·mL^-1)

Group	MTL		SS
	Baseline	12 wk	Baseline	12 wk
Group A	146.07 ± 28.42	159.28 ± 25.69	120.17 ± 21.84	124.52 ± 23.38
Group B	151.75 ± 25.54	192.79 ± 22.75b,d	131.18 ± 22.11	110.36 ± 22.49b,d
Group C	147.57 ± 20.43	189.46 ± 25.06b,d	125.36 ± 19.81	114.14 ± 21.10b,d
Group D	144.52 ± 22.41	269.33 ± 24.74b,d	119.52 ± 21.12	70.26 ± 20.53b,d

^bP < 0.01, the intra-group comparison of each group at different time points.

^dP < 0.01, the comparison between group d, group a, group b and group c at the same time point.

MTL: Levels of motilin; SS: Levels of somatostatin.

Table 6 Correlation between gastrointestinal hormone levels and scores of functional areas of quality of life in colorectal cancer patients (R)

Project	Constipation symptom score	MTL	SS
Body image	-0.376b	0.617b	-0.532b
Future expectation	-0.530b	0.569b	-0.446b
sexual function	-0.334b	0.290b	-0.243b
Sexual satisfaction	-0.375b	0.369b	-0.250b
Urination problem	0.393b	-0.448b	0.334b
Gastrointestinal symptoms	0.436b	-0.390b	0.238a
Adverse reactions of chemotherapy	0.329b	-0.431b	0.305b
Defecation problem	0.265b	-0.002	0.166
Issue related to stoma	0.507b	-0.528b	0.410b
Male sexual problems	0.151	-0.643b	0.803b
Female sexual problems	0.305b	-0.244b	0.190a
Body mass	0.314b	-0.284b	0.195a

^aP < 0.05, between gastrointestinal hormone levels and scores of functional areas of quality of life in colorectal cancer patients.

^bP < 0.01, between gastrointestinal hormone levels and scores of functional areas of quality of life in colorectal cancer patients.

MTL: Levels of motilin; SS: Levels of somatostatin.