Regulatory RNAs, microRNA, long-non coding RNA and circular RNA roles in colorectal cancer stem cells

Table 1 Non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer

Gene	Molucular mechanism in CRC	Molecular targets and interacts in CRC	Ref.
MicroRNAs
		CRC stemness-related intracellular regulatory and transcription factors
MiR-1185-1	Inhibits tumor suppressor	CD24	[49]
MiR-30a	Reduces migration and invasion	Transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1	[51]
MiR-92a	Promotes the proliferation	Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1	[53]
MiR-450a-5p	Inhibits CSC properties and angiogenesis	SOX2	[55]
MiR-590-5p	Inhibits tumorigenesis	YAP1	[56]
MiR-203	Inhibits self-renewal ability and cancer stemness	GATA6	[58]
MiR-3622a-3p	Inhibits the stemness and epithelial to mesenchymal transition	SALL4	[59]
MiR-210-3p	Upregulates the invasion ability	Stathmin1	[61]
MiR-221	Promotes the tumorigenesis	Quaking	[63]
		Hypoxia signaling
MiR-34a	Promotes metastasis	PPP1R11	[65]
MiR-215	Inhibit stemness	Lgr-5	[66]
		Notch signaling
MiR-1280	Reduces stemness	JAG2	[68]
		Wnt/β-catenin signaling
MiR-501-3p	Promotes tumor proliferation and stemness	APC	[71]
MiR-92a	Increases chPPemical-resistant	KLF4, GSK3β, and DKK3	[72]
MiR-30-5p	Reduces stemness	CD133 and SOX2	[73]
MiR-3120-5p	Increases the CSC population and promotes the stemness and invasiveness	Axin2	[74]
MiR-302c	Reduces stemness	CARF	[77]
		TGF-β/Smad pathway
MiR-4666-3p	Tumor suppressor genes in quiescent CSCs	TGF-βR1	[78]
MiR-329	Tumor suppressor genes in quiescent CSCs	TGF-βR1	[78]
		Cellular response and process
MiR-3135b	Inhibits cell proliferation, increase sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil lysis, and promote late cell degradation and necrosis	GOLPH3	[80]
MiR-194	Induces cell apoptosis	NA	[81]
MiR-486-5p	Inhibits stem cell characteristics	NA	[82]
MiR-133b	Inhibits the stemness and chemoresistance of CRC	NA	[83]
Long noncoding RNAs
		Positive regulator
LncRNA1106	Induces the proliferation, migration, and stem cell properties	MiR-449b-5p sponge, Gli4	[96]
LINC-RoR	Induces stem cell properties	NA	[97]
GAS5	Promotes CSC self-renewal capacity, proliferation, drug resistant, stemness, and migration	NA	[98]
Linc00346	Promotes the stemness	MiR-509-5p sponge, WBSCR22	[99]
LncRNA-cCSC1	Promotes the self-renewal capacity	Hh signaling pathway	[100]
Lnc273-31	Promotes migration, invasion, cancer stem cell self-renewal and chemoresistanc	NA	[101]
Lnc273-34	Promotes migration, invasion, cancer stem cell self-renewal and chemoresistanc	NA	[101]
LINC00525	Increase stemness properties and tumorigenesis	MiR-507	[102]
LncRNA PVT1-214	Promotes CRC progression	Lin28	[103]
LncTCF7	Promotes CRC progression	Wnt signaling	[104]
LncRNA UICLM	Promotes metastasis	ceRNA for miR-215	[105]
LncRNA: LOCCS	Promotes cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis	NA	[106]
LncRNA KLK8	Increases stemness	NA	[107]
LncRNA SLCO4A1-AS1	Promote stemness	MiR-150-3p sponge	[108]
		Negative regulator
Lnc-DILC	Reduces aggressive of clinical characteristics	NA	[109]
LncRNA (AC105461.1)	Reduces stemness	NA	[110]
Circular RNAs
Hsa_circ_0066631	High expression in CRC spheroid cells, associated with the stemness-associated signaling pathway network	MiRNA sponge: MiR-140-3p, miR-224, miR-382, miR-548c-3p, and miR-579	[114]
Hsa_circ_0082096	High expression in CRC spheroid cells, associated with the stemness-associated signaling pathway network	MiRNA sponge: MiR-140-3p, miR-224, miR-382, miR-548c-3p, and miR-579	[114]
Circ_001680	Enhances the proliferation and migration capacity	MiR-340	[115]
Circular RNA (circCTIC1)	Promotes stemness and triggers the transcriptional initiation of c-Myc	Nuclear remodeling factor complex	[116]

TGF: Transforming growth factor; KLF: Kruppel-like factor; SALL: Spalt-like; Lnc-DILC: LncRNA downregulation in liver cancer stem cells; CRC: Colorectal cancer; miRNA: MicroRNA; LncRNA: Long-non coding RNA; CSC: Cancer stem cell; UICLM: Up-regulated in colorectal cancer liver metastasis; PVT: Portal vein thrombosis; Hh: Hedgehog; GSK: Glycogen synthase kinase; TGF: Transforming growth factor; APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli; KLF: Krüppel-like factor; DKK: Dickkopf.