Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastrointest Oncol. Sep 15, 2021; 13(9): 1029-1042
Published online Sep 15, 2021. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i9.1029
Table 1 Summary of the outcomes of indocyanine green-fluorescence angiography to prevent anastomotic leakage after colorectal and esophageal resections
Ref.
Study design
Total n
ICG group
Non-ICG group
Anastomosis leak n (%)
P value
Surgical plan change (%)
Colorectal
Kudszus et al[22], 2010Retrospective-matched402201201ICG: 7 (3.5%); NICG: 15 (7.5%)0.0416%
Jafari et al[23], 2013Case-control381622ICG: 1 (6%); NICG: 4 (18%)NS19% cases4.5% controls
Kim et al[55], 2015Case-control436123313ICG: 1 (0.8%); NICG: 17 (5.4%)NSNot reported
De Nardi et al[25], 2020Randomized controlled trial240118122ICG: 6 (5%); NICG: 11 (9%)NS11%
Alekseev et al[26], 2020Randomized controlled trial377187190ICG: 17 (9.1%); NICG: 31 (16.3%)0.04Not reported
Arezzo et al[27], 2020Meta-analysis1330862468ICG: 36 (4.2%); NICG: 53 (11.3%)< 0.00111.3%
Esophageal
Zehetner et al[43], 2015Prospective150150N/A4.6%N/A66%
Kumagai et al[47], 2018Cohort series7070N/A1.4%N/A50%
Ladak et al[45], 2019Meta-analysis1067631436Overall: 10.8%; ICG: 5.7%; NICG: 22.9%NRNot reported
Slooter et al[48], 2020Cohort series8484N/A14.3%N/A2.4%
Table 2 Summary of the studies on involving lymph node detection in gastrointestinal cancer
Ref.
Patients
Detection rate
Sensitivity
Specificity
Considerations
Kusano et al[76], 200826 CRC, 22 GCCRC: 90.9%, GC: 88%CRC: S: 25%1, GS: 40%1Sp: 100%1, Sp: 100%1CRC: PPV: 100% NPV: 81%, GC: PPV: 100% NPV: 62.5%
Cahill et al[78], 2009891NR81%93.2%1PPV: 62% NPV: 95%. Lower FN if tumor size is less than 35 mm. IHC analysis increases sensitivity
Noura et al[58], 20102592%100%100%FNR: 0%. NPV: 100% Performed lateral pelvic dissection in order to increase SN detection accuracy
Kitagawa et al[80], 201339797.5%93.44%198.99%1Uses dual technique (blue dye and ICG)
Kinami et al[82], 20157290%98%1FN: 1.3%
Tummers et al[79], 20162695%75%88.9%Reduces second-tier nodes using nanocolloids
Lee et al[83], 20162095%100%94.4%FN: 0%
Villegas-Tovar et al[57], 202028191%64.3%65%AUC: 66.5%
Table 3 Summary of the studies evaluating the role of indocyanine green to detect peritoneal carcinomatosis
Ref.
Yr
Patients
Nodules
Additional nodules
Sensitivity
Specificity
Considerations
Liberale et al[95], 20202016146321.4%87.5%100%
Barabino et al[96], 20202016108872.4%77.3%
Filippello et al[97], 20202016102965%57.1%Same patients than Barabino et al[96], but comparing the use of bevacizumab or not
Lieto et al[100], 202020184691696.9%75%ICG adds 25% of diagnostic improvement
Sluiter et al[104], 202020192816980%74.8%NBI increases sensitivity from 80% to 96% when compared with white light, with the same specificity