Role of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer

Table 1 Relationship between exosomal long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in colorectal cancer

Exosomal lncRNA	Expression	miRNA	Target gene	Functions	Ref.
H19	↑	miR-141	β-catenin	Promotes the stemness and chemoresistance of CRC cells	Ren et al[37]
UCA1	↑	miR-143	MYO6	Promotes CRC cell proliferation and migration	Luan et al[38]
LINC00659	↑	miR-342-3p	ANXA2	Promotes CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration	Zhou et al[39]
MALAT1	↑	miR-26a/26b	FUT4	Promotes the metastasis of CRC	Xu et al[40]
HOTTIP	↑	miR-214	KPNA3	Increases resistance of CRC cells to mitomycin	Chen et al[41]
LINC02418	↑	miR-1273g-3p	MELK	Promotes the viability of CRC cells	Zhao et al[42]
GAS5	↑	miR-221	-	Promotes CRC cell proliferation	Liu et al[43]

LncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; CRC: Colorectal cancer; miRNAs: MicroRNAs.

Table 2 Relationship between exosomal long non-coding RNAs and their binding molecules in colorectal cancer

Exosomal lncRNA	Expression	Interaction gene/protein	Signaling pathway	Functions	Ref.
RPPH1	↑	TUBB3	-	Promotes metastasis and proliferation of CRC cells	Liang et al[44]
APC1	↓	Rab5b	MAPK pathway	Inhibits metastasis, and angiogenesis of CRC	Wang et al[45]
CCAL	↑	HuR	β-catenin pathway	Suppresses cell apoptosis and promotes chemoresistance of CRC cells	Deng et al[46]
ADAMTS9-AS1	↓	β-catenin	Wnt signaling pathway	Suppresses the CRC tumorigenesis	Li et al[47]
91H	↑	HNRNPK	-	Promotes migration and invasion of CRC cells	Gao et al[48]
CRNDE-h	↑	RORγt	-	Promotes Th17 cell differentiation	Sun et al[49]

LncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; CRC: Colorectal cancer; Th: T helper.

Table 3 Exosomal long non-coding RNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer

Exosomal lncRNA	Expression	Relationship with clinicopathologic features	AUC	Ref.
APC1	↑	Lymph node and distant metastasis	-	Wang et al[45]
GAS5	↑	TNM stage, Dukes stage, lymph node metastasis, local recurrence, and distant metastasis	0.791	Xu et al[40]
LINC02418	↑	-	0.898	Zhao et al[42]
SPINT1-AS1	↑	Lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and poor RFS	0.865	Li et al[74]
ADAMTS9-AS1	↑	-	0.835	Li et al[47]
CCAT2	↑	TNM stages and lymph node metastasis	-	Wang et al[75]
UCA1	↑	Tumor size, tumor stage, and metastasis status	-	Luan et al[38]
CRNDE-h	↑	Lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis	0.892	Liu et al[76]
CRNDE-p	↑	Advanced clinical stages, tumor classification, and lymph node or distant metastasis	0.854	Yu et al[77]
HOTTIP	↓	Lymph node metastasis and better OS	0.750	Oehme et al[78]
91H	↑	TNM stage	-	Gao et al[48]
RPPH1	↑	TNM stage, metastasis, and poor OS and DFS	0.856	Liang et al[44]
H19	↑	TNM stage	-	Ren et al[37]

LncRNA: Long non-coding RNA; AUC: Area under the curve; OS: Overall survival; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; DFS: Disease-free survival.