Anatomic resection improved the long-term outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with microvascular invasion: A prospective cohort study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 217 patients

Clinical characteristics	Value
Age, yr, (mean ± SD)	52.6 ± 12.4
Sex, n (%)
Male	197 (90.8)
Female	20 (9.2)
ALT (U/mL)	30.2 ± 14.3
AST (U/mL)	38.6 ± 32.0
TBiL (μmol/L)	15.8 ± 9.6
Child-Pugh score, n (%)
A	209 (96.3)
B	8 (3.7)
Hepatitis virus, n (%)
HBV	178 (82.0)
HCV	10 (4.6)
No	29 (13.4)
Liver cirrhosis, n (%)
No	43 (19.8)
Yes	174 (80.2)
ICG-R15 (%)	6.6 ± 3.8
AFP (ng/mL), n (%)
≤ 400	144 (66.4)
> 400	73 (33.6)
Tumor diameter (cm)	4.9 ± 3.5
No. of tumor, n (%)
Singe	157 (72.4)
Multiple	60 (27.6)
Microvascular invasion, n (%)
Yes	75 (34.6)
No	142 (65.4)
BCLC stage, n (%)
0+A	92 (42.4)
B+C	125 (57.6)
Operation method, n (%)
Open	56 (25.8)
Laparoscopic	161 (74.2)
Operation time (min)	171 ± 40
Blood loss (mL)	160 ± 180
Blood transfusion, n (%)
No	189 (87.1)
Yes	28 (12.9)
Hepatic vascular occlusion, n (%)
No	64 (29.5)
Yes	153 (70.5)

AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ICG R15 (%): Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; SD: Standard deviation; TBiL: Total bilirubin.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of anatomic resection and non-anatomic resection

Clinical characteristics	AR (n = 103)	NAR (n = 114)	P value
Age, yr (mean ± SD)	54.1 ± 12.5	51.3 ± 12.2	0.095
Sex, n (%)			0.812
Male	93 (90.3)	104 (91.2)
Female	10 (9.7)	10 (8.8)
ALT (U/mL)	30.5 ± 14.5	29.8 ± 14.2	0.721
AST (U/mL)	36.3 ± 28.9	40.6 ± 34.6	0.332
TBiL (μmol/L)	17.0 ± 10.5	15.9 ± 9.0	0.098
Child-Pugh score, n (%)			0.154
A	103 (100)	106 (93.0)
B	0 (0)	2 (7.0)
HBsAg, n (%)			0.622
Positive	88 (85.4)	100 (87.7)
Negative	15 (14.6)	14 (12.3)
Liver cirrhosis, n (%)			0.841
No	21 (20.4)	22 (19.3)
Yes	82 (79.6)	92 (80.7)
AFP (ng/mL), n (%)			0.446
< 400	71 (68.9)	73 (64.0)
≥ 400	32 (31.1)	41 (36.0)
ICG-R15 (%)	5.9 ± 3.5	5.4 ± 3.1	0.578
BCLC stage, n (%)			0.867
0 + A	46 (44.7)	46 (40.4)
B + C	57 (55.3)	68 (59.6)
Operation method, n (%)			0.423
Open	24 (23.3)	32 (28.1)
Laparoscopic	79 (76.7)	82 (71.9)
Operation time (min)	171.4 ± 48.2	165.5 ± 45.3	0.335
Blood loss (mL)	210 ± 233	170 ± 175	0.233
Blood transfusion, n (%)			0.774
No	89 (86.4)	100 (87.7)
Yes	14 (13.6)	14 (12.3)
Hepatic vascular occlusion, n (%)			0.314
No	27 (26.2)	37 (32.5)
Yes	76 (73.8)	77 (67.5)
Largest tumor size, (cm)	5.1 ± 3.6	4.7 ± 3.3	0.507
No. of tumors, n (%)			0.884
Single	75 (72.8)	82 (71.9)
Multiple	28 (27.2)	32 (28.1)
Tumor encapsulation, n (%)			0.051
No	57 (55.3)	66 (57.9)
Yes	46 (44.7)	48 (42.1)
Satellite lesion, n (%)			0.822
Yes	9 (8.7)	9 (7.9)
No	94 (91.3)	105 (92.1)
Tumor differentiation stage, n (%)			0.943
Edmondson I II	51 (49.5)	57 (50.0)
Edmondson III IV	52 (50.5)	57 (50.0)
Microvascular invasion, n (%)			0.845
Yes	37 (35.9)	38 (33.3)
No	66 (64.1)	76 (66.7)

AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; AR: Anatomic resection; BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; ICG R15 (%): Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; NAR: Non-anatomic resection; TBiL: Total bilirubin.

Table 3 The surgical margin of different tumor diameter groups

Tumor diameter	Surgical margin (cm)
	AR	NAR	P value
D ≤ 2 cm	3.5 ± 5.8	1.6 ± 0.5	0.048
2 cm < D ≤ 5 cm	2.0 ± 2.3	0.7 ± 0.5	< 0.001
D > 5 cm	0.6 ± 1.0	0.7 ± 0.4	0.491

AR: Anatomic resection; D: Diameter; NAR: Non-anatomic resection.