Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of 77 cases with type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of type 3 gastric neuroendocrine tumours

	Total, n (%)	G1 NETs, n (%)	G2 NETs, n (%)	G3 NETs, n (%)	P value	G2 vs G1	G3 vs G1	G3 vs G2
Number	77 (100)	37 (48.1)	31 (40.3)	9 (11.7)
Age (range)	48 (28-79)	47 (29-79)	47.5 (28-78)	62 (33-68)	0.048	1	0.077	0.049
Gender					0.016	1.000	0.011	0.039
Male	34 (44.2)	13 (35.1)	13 (41.9)	8 (88.9)
Female	43 (55.8)	24 (64.9)	18 (58.1)	1 (11.1)
Size (cm)	1.5 (0.8-3.5)	0.8 (0.5-1.2)	3 (1.5-5)	4 (2.5-5.25)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	1.000
Site					0.122
Cardia	10 (13)	2 (5.4)	6 (19.4)	2 (22.2)
Fundus/body	64 (83.1)	34 (91.9)	24 (77.4)	6 (66.7)
Antrum	3 (3.9)	1 (2.7)	1 (3.2)	1 (11.1)
Number					0.087
1	64 (83.1)	27 (73)	28 (90.3)	9 (100)
≥ 2	13 (16.9)	10 (27)	3 (9.7)	0
EA					0.002	0.001	0.055	1.000
Polyp	45 (61.6)	29 (82.9)	12 (41.4)	4 (44.4)
Bulge	11 (15.1)	4 (11.4)	6 (20.7)	1 (11.1)
Ulcer	17 (23.3)	2 (5.7)	11 (37.9)	4 (44.4)
Unknown	4	2	2	0
Infiltration					0.014	0.014	0.290	1.000
M/SM	22 (64.7)	17 (85.0)	4 (36.4)	1 (33.3)
MP	5 (14.7)	2 (10)	2 (18.2)	1 (33.3)
Beyond MP	7 (20.6)	1 (5.0)	5 (45.5)	1 (33.3)
Unknown	43	17	20	6
Ki67 (%)	3 (1-10)	1 (1-1)	8 (4-10)	30 (25-37.5)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.047
LNM only	10 (13.0)	2 (5.4)	7 (22.6)	1 (11.1)	< 0.001	0.027	0.439	1.000
DM	24 (31.2)	2 (5.4)	15 (48.4)	7 (77.7)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.288
Stage					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.494
I	30 (39.0)	26 (70.3)	4 (12.9)	0
II	12 (15.6)	7 (18.9)	5 (16.1)	0
III	11 (14.3)	2 (5.4)	7 (22.6)	2 (22.2)
IV	24 (31.2)	2 (5.4)	15 (48.4)	7 (77.8)
Treatment					< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.510
ER	33 (42.9)	29 (78.4)	4 (12.9)	0
Surgery	17 (22.1)	5 (13.5)	10 (32.3)	2 (22.2)
SSA	6 (7.8)	1 (2.7)	4 (12.9)	1 (11.1)
CBCT	21 (27.3)	2 (5.4)	13 (41.9)	6 (66.7)

NET: Neuroendocrine tumour; SD: Standard deviation; EA: Endoscopic appearance; M: Mucosa; SM: Submucosa; MP: Muscularis propria; ER: Endoscopic resection; LNM: Lymph node metastasis; DM: Distant metastasis; SSA: Somatostatin analogs; CBCT: Chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment.

Table 2 Characteristics of patients with endoscopic resection

	Endoscopic resection (n = 33), n (%)
Size, median (25th–75th percentile), cm (range)	0.7 (0.5-1.1); (0.2-1.8)
Infiltration
M/SM	17 (100%)
MP/beyond MP	0
Unknown	16
Ki67, median (25th–75th percentile), %	1 (1-10)
Grade
G1	29 (87.9)
G2	4 (12.1)
G3	0
Stage
I	28 (84.8)
II	5 (15.2)
III-IV	0
Recurrence or cancer-specific death	0

M: Mucosa; SM: Submucosa; MP: Muscularis propria.

Table 3 Univariate analysis for prognosis

	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age
≤ 45 years old	1
> 45 years old	1.92 (0.61-6.06)	0.264
Gender
Male	1
Female	0.87 (0.32-2.41)	0.794
Size
< 2 cm	1
≥ 2 cm	10.07 (2.27-44.67)	0.002
Site
Cardia	1
Fundus/body	0.88 (0.20-3.98)	0.871
Antrum	5.817 (0.81-42.01)	0.081
Number
1	1
≥2	0.33 (0.04-2.48)	0.279
EA
Polyp	1
Bulge	2.37 (0.45-12.54)	0.312
Ulcer	4.20 (1.33-13.23)	0.014
Infiltration
M/SM	1
MP	8.57 (0.77-95.33)	0.081
Beyond MP	3.02 (0.19-48.42)	0.436
Grade
G1	1
G2	9.77 (1.22-78.10)	0.032
G3	61.68 (7.01-542.62)	< 0.001
Stage
I-III	1
IV	11.15 (3.13-39.66)	< 0.001
Treatment
ER or surgery	1
SSA	4.65 (0.47-45.57)	0.187
CBCT	11.38 (3.16-40.93)	< 0.001

EA: Endoscopic appearance; M: Mucosa; SM: Submucosa; MP: Muscularis propria; ER: Endoscopic resection; SSA: Somatostatin analogs; CBCT: Chemotherapy-based comprehensive treatment.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis for prognosis

	HR (95%CI)	P value
Grade
G1	1
G2	4.923 (0.55-43.76)	0.153
G3	20.58 (1.942-218.11)	0.012
Stage
I-III	1
IV	4.51 (1.10-18.41)	0.036