Identification of candidate biomarkers correlated with pathogenesis of postoperative peritoneal adhesion by using microarray analysis

Table 1 Peritoneal adhesion scoring system

Grade	Score	Adhesion area	Description
0	0	None	None
I	1	0%–25%	Thin, avascular, transparent
II	2	25%–50%	Thick, avascular, opaque
III	3	50%–75%	Thick, capillaries, opaque, sharp dissection required
IV	4	75%–100%	Thick, opaque, large vessels, sharp dissection required

Table 2 Primers used for qPCR

Gene	Primer sequence, 5’-3’
TNF-α-forward	TCATTCCTGCTCGTGGCGGG
TNF-α-reverse	CGGCTGACGGTGGGGTGAG
IL1β-forward	TCGGCCAAGACAGGTCGCTCA
IL1β-reverse	TGGTTGCCCATCAGAGGCAAGG
IL6-forward	CCACTGCCTTCCCTACTTCA
IL6-reverse	ACAGTGCATCATCGCTGTTC
CXCL1-forward	GGCAGGGATTCACTTCAAGA
CXCL1-reverse	GCCATCGGTGCAATCTATCT
CXCL2-forward	ATCCAGAGCTTGACGGTGAC
CXCL2-reverse	AGGTACGATCCAGGCTTCCT
GAPDH-forward	GCTACACTGAGGACCAGGTT
GAPDH-reverse	CCCAGCATCAAAGGTGGAAG

Table 3 KEGG analysis of two clusters (top five)

Term	Definition	Genes	P value
Module 1
mmu04062	Chemokine signaling pathway	CXCL1, GNGT1, PPBP, CXCL5, CXCL3, CXCL2, CCL9, PF4, CXCR2, CCL4	3.70E-11
mmu04060	Cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction	CXCL1, PPBP, CXCL5, CXCL2, CCL9, PF4, CXCR2, CCL4	2.51E-07
mmu04080	Neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction	C5AR1, CHRM2, GALR2, FPR1, ADRA2C, FPR2	2.10E-04
mmu05132	Salmonella infection	CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL2, CCL4	5.11E-04
mmu05150	Staphylococcus aureus infection	C5AR1, FPR1, FPR2	5.11E-04
Module 2
mmu04640	Hematopoietic cell lineage	CSF3, IL6, CD55, TNF, CD44, IL1B	4.19E-10
mmu04620	Malaria	CSF3, IL6, TNF, IL1B, THBS1	1.14E-08
mmu05323	Rheumatoid arthritis	IL6, IL17A, CCL3, TNF, IL1B	3.58E-07
mmu04620	TLR signaling pathway	IL6, CCL3, TNF, IL1B	9.63E-07
mmu05142	Chagas disease	IL6, CCL3, TNF, SERPINE1, IL1B	3.80E-05

KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

Table 4 Grading scores of peritoneal adhesions, n = 10

Group	Grade 0	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4	Scores, mean ± SD
SH group	7	3	0	0	0	0.30 ± 0.483
PPA group	0	0	1	4	5	3.40 ± 0.699b

^bP < 0.01, vs SH group. PPA: Postoperative peritoneal adhesion; SH: Sham.