Asian Americans have better outcomes of non-metastatic gastric cancer compared to other United States racial groups: A secondary analysis from a randomized study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients included in the current analysis, 546 patients

Parameter	n (%)
Age
< 60 yr	294 (53.8)
≥ 60 yr	252 (46.2)
Sex
Male	371 (67.9)
Female	175 (32.1)
Race
White	403 (73.8)
Black	70 (12.8)
Asian	45 (8.2)
Others	28 (5.1)
Ethnicity
Hispanic	54 (9.9)
Non-Hispanic	445 (81.5)
Unknown	47 (8.6)
Performance status
0	276 (50.5)
1	257 (47.1)
2	13 (2.4)
History of prior cancer
Yes	22 (4)
No	516 (94.5)
Unknown	8 (1.5)
T stage
T1	33 (6)
T2	219 (40.1)
T3	259 (47.4)
T4	23 (4.2)
Unknown	12 (2.2)
N stage
N0	77 (14.1)
N1	312 (57.1)
N2	105 (19.2)
N3	34 (6.2)
Unknown	18 (3.3)
Lymph node ratio (mean; SD)	0.32; 0.307
Histologic grade
Grade 1	15 (2.7)
Grade 2	139 (25.5)
Grade 3	360 (65.9)
Grade 4	17 (3.1)
Unknown	15 (2.8)
Primary tumor site
GEJ/ cardia/ fundus	208 (38.1)
Body/antrum/ pylorus	161 (29.5)
Others, NOS	177 (32.4)
Treatment arm
5FU/LCV + RT	280 (51.3)
ECF + RT	266 (48.7)
Completion Of treatment
Completed as planned	359 (65.8)
Stopped because of adverse events	64 (11.7)
Stopped because of progression/death	33 (6)
Stopped because of other reasons (e.g., consent withdrawal)	90 (16.5)

RT: Radiation therapy; NOS: Not otherwise specified; SD: Standard deviation; GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction.

Table 2 Comparison of baseline demographic/treatment characteristics between Asian Americans and other racial groups, n (%)

Variable	Asian Americans, 45 patients	Other patients, 501 patients	P value
Age			0.810
< 60 yr	25 (55.6)	269 (53.7)
≥ 60 yr	20 (44.4)	232 (46.3)
ECOG Performance score			< 0.001
0	22 (48.9)	254 (50.7)
1	18 (40)	239 (47.7)
2	5 (11.1)	8 (1.6)
Sex			0.233
Male	27 (60)	344 (68.7)
Female	18 (40)	157 (31.3)
History of prior cancer			0.873
Yes	2 (4.5)	20 (4)
No	42 (95)	474 (95.5)
Unknown	1(0.5)	7 (0.5)
T stage			0.614
T1-2	20 (44.4)	232 (46.3)
T3-4	24 (53.4)	258 (51.5)
Unknown	1 (2.2)	11 (2.2)
N stage			0.867
N 0	8 (17.8)	69 (13.8)
N 1-3	35 (77.8)	416 (83)
Unknown	2 (4.4)	16 (3.2)
Histologic grade			0.067
Grade 1-2	6 (11.7)	148 (29)
Grade 3-4	38 (86.3)	339 (68)
Unknown	1 (2)	14 (3)
Treatment arm			0.737
5FU/LCV + RT	22 (48.9)	258 (51.5)
ECF + RT	23 (51.1)	243 (48.5)

ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; 5FU: 5-Fluorouracil; LCV: Leucovorin; RT: Radiotherapy; ECF: Epirubicin, cisplatin, 5-fluoruracil.

Table 3 Multivariate Cox-regression analysis for factors affecting overall and disease-specific survival

Parameter	Overall survival		Disease-specific survival
	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value
Race
White	Reference		Reference
Black	1.020 (0.717-1.453)	0.911	0.962 (0.684-1.353)	0.825
Asian	0.438 (0.254-0.754)	0.003	0.460 (0.280-0.755)	0.002
Lymph node ratio, continuous	3.004 (2.154-4.190)	< 0.001	2.471 (1.801-3.390)	< 0.001
T stage
T1	Reference		Reference
T2	1.680 (0.878- 3.215)	0.117	1.895 (1.020-3.520)	0.043
T3	2.517 (1.321-4.798)	0.005	3.042 (1.643-5.632)	< 0.001
T4	3.807 (1.731-8.361)	0.001	3.990 (1.885-8.443)	< 0.001
Primary site
Body/antrum/pylorus	Reference		Reference
GEJ/cardia/fundus	1.523 (1.138-2.037)	0.005	1.367 (1.042-1.793)	0.024

GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction; CI: Confidence interval.