Deep learning-enhanced peritumoral radiomics predicts early recurrence after hepatocellular carcinoma ablation: A two-center study

Figure 1 Research flowchart. A: Volume of interest segematation; B: Features extraction; C: Features selection; D: Model construction. LASSO: Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; AUC: Area under the curve; VOI: Volume of interest.

Figure 2 Inclusion and exclusion flowchart. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; CT: Computed tomography.

Figure 3 Receiver operating characteristic curves of each peritumoral model. A: Receiver operating characteristic curves of each peritumoral model in the training set; B: Receiver operating characteristic curves of each peritumoral model in the internal validation set. AUC: Area under the curve.

Figure 4 Feature importance of the 10-mm peritumoral model. A: Shapley additive explanations bee swarm plot; B: Shapley additive explanations bar plot. SHAP: Shapley additive explanations; A: Arterial; P: Portal-venous; D: Delayed.

Figure 5 Receiver operating characteristic curves of each model. A: Comparison of the combined model, clinical imaging model, and 10-mm peritumoral model in the training set; B: Comparison of the combined model, clinical imaging model, and 10-mm peritumoral model in the internal validation set; C: Comparison of the combined model, clinical imaging model, and 10-mm peritumoral model in the external validation set. AUC: Area under the curve.

Figure 6 Calibration curves and decision curve analysis of the combined model. A: Calibration curve of the combined model in the training set; B: Calibration curve of the combined model in the internal validation set; C: Calibration curve of the combined model in the external validation set; D: Decision curve analysis (DCA) curve of the combined model in the training set; E: DCA curve of the combined model in the internal validation set; F: DCA curve of the combined model in the external validation set.

Figure 7 Kaplan-Meier curves of 2-year progression-free survival and 5-year overall survival for the combined model. A: Kaplan-Meier curve of 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) for the combined model in the training set; B: Kaplan-Meier curve of 2-year PFS for the combined model in the internal validation set; C: Kaplan-Meier curve of 2-year PFS for the combined model in the external validation set; D: Kaplan-Meier curve of 5-year overall survival (OS) for the combined model in the training set; E: Kaplan-Meier curve of 5-year OS for the combined model in the internal validation set; F: Kaplan-Meier curve of 5-year OS for the combined model in the external validation set.