Sleep disorders in hepatocellular carcinoma

Figure 1 Pathogenic mechanisms underlying sleep disorder-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. This diagram illustrates the key mechanisms that lead to the occurrence of liver cancer: The immune environment disorder reflects the strengthening of chronic inflammatory response and the weakening of anti-tumor monitoring. The destruction of intestinal bacteria can cause ecological disorders, promote metabolic and immune dysfunction. Metabolic disorders manifest as changes in lipid and glucose homeostasis. Oxidative stress amplifies cellular damage through reactive oxygen species. These interrelated pathways synergistically drive the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. ROS: Reactive oxygen species.