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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Apr 15, 2024; 16(4): 1166-1179
Published online Apr 15, 2024. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1166
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Evolution of the current concept over the years. MANECs: Mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinomas; MiNEN: Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms; WHO: World Health Organization.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Origin according to the theory of a common pluripotent stem cell progenitor. Non-NE: Non-neuroendocrine; NE: Neuroendocrine.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 Origin according to the theory of a common monoclonal origin with a gradual process, neuroendocrine trans/dedifferentiation. Non-NE: Non-neuroendocrine; NE: Neuroendocrine.
Figure 4
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Figure 4 Origin according to the theory of an epithelial and endocrine components that arise differently from precursor cells in a synchronous or metachronous manner. Non-NE: Non-neuroendocrine; NE: Neuroendocrine.
Figure 5
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Figure 5 Adjuvant treatment recommendations. NET: Neuroendocrine tumours; NEC: Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cancers; Non-NE: Non-neuroendocrine; MiNEN: Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Figure 6
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Figure 6 Metastatic treatments recommendations. NET: Neuroendocrine tumours; NEC: Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cancers; Non-NE: Non-neuroendocrine; M: Month; 1L: First line treatment; 2L: Second line treatment; FOLFIRI: Irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil; CAPTEM: Capecitabine plus temozolamide; BV: Bevacizumab; STZ: Streptozocin; MMR: Mismatch repair; SSTR-5: Expression of somatostatin receptor type 5; PRRT: Radiotherapy with radionuclides; AS: Somatostatin anologues; FOLFOX: Oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil.