Development and validation of an online calculator to predict the pathological nature of colorectal tumors

Figure 1 The definitions of the eight endoscopic findings. A: Hyperemia: redness on the surface of a tumor; B: Erosion: erosion and hyperemia on the surface of a tumor; C: Acanthosis: chicken skin mucosa beside the tumor; D: Lobulation: multiple nodules on the surface of a tumor; E: Depression: depressed demarcation on the surface of a tumor; F: Expansive appearance: a bursting appearance due to the expansive growth of a tumor; G: Larger nodule: nodules larger than 10 mm; H: Uneven surface: surface with bulges and depressions.

Figure 2 Nomogram for predicting the pathological nature of colorectal tumors. ECA: Early colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Figure 3 Internet browser-based online calculator. The online tool: (https://nomogram7474.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/).

Figure 4 Receiver operator characteristic curve in the validation cohort. ROC: The receiver operator characteristic curve.

Figure 5 Calibration plot of the prediction. The calibration curve shows good consistency between the predicted risk of early colorectal adenocarcinoma and the actual risk of pathological assessment using nomogram. ECA: Early colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Figure 6 Decision curve analysis curve for the prediction model. The Decision Curve Analysis curve indicated good clinical applicability of the calculator in predicting the pathological nature of colorectal tumor.