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World J Gastrointest Oncol. Jun 15, 2023; 15(6): 959-972
Published online Jun 15, 2023. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i6.959
Figure 1
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Figure 1 Treatment strategy in biliary tract cancers. FOLFIRI: 5-fluorouracil plus irinotecan; FOLFOX: 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin; Gem/Cis: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin; Gem/Cis/S-1: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin plus S-1.
Figure 2
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Figure 2 Targeted therapies used in systemic treatment for biliary tract cancers. AKT: Protein kinase B; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK: Extracellular signal-related kinase; FGFR: Fibroblast growth factor receptor; GTP: Guanosine triphosphate; IDH1: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1; IDH2: Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2; MEK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; NTRK: Neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase; PI3K: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase; PKD1: Polycystic kidney disease 1; RAF: Raf proto-oncogene; RAS: RAS proto-oncogene.
Figure 3
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Figure 3 The mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy. CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; TCR: T cell receptor.