Berberine retarded the growth of gastric cancer xenograft tumors by targeting hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α

Figure 1 Berberine inhibited the growth of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumors. A: After 18 d of drug treatment, tumors were removed from the mice and weighed; B: Changes in tumor size of mice during the experiment; C: Changes in body weight of mice during the experiment. ^aP < 0.05. Ctrl: The control group; BBR: The berberine group.

Figure 2 Berberine inhibited hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α expression in MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models. A: Immunohistochemistry showed that berberine reduced the expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; B: The quantification of immunohistochemistry of the expression of HNF4α in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; C: The effect of berberine on HNF4α mRNA expression in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; D: The effect of berberine on HNF4α protein expression in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; E: The effect of berberine on HNF4α mRNA level in liver tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenografts; F: The effect of berberine on HNF4α protein expression in liver tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenografts. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^dP < 0.0001. Ctrl: The control group; BBR: The berberine group.

Figure 3 Berberine inhibited WNT5a expression in MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models. A: Immunohistochemistry showed that berberine reduced the expression of WNT5a in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; B: The quantification of immunohistochemistry of the expression of WNT5a in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; C: The effect of berberine on WNT5a mRNA level in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; D: The effect of berberine on WNT5a protein expression in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; E: The effect of berberine on WNT5a mRNA expression in liver tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenografts; F: The effect of berberine on WNT5a protein expression in liver tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenografts. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.0001. Ctrl: The control group; BBR: The berberine group.

Figure 4 Berberine inhibited β-catenin expression in MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models. A: Immunohistochemistry showed that berberine reduced the expression of β-catenin in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; B: The quantification of immunohistochemistry of the expression of β-catenin in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; C: The effect of berberine on β-catenin mRNA alteration in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; D: The effect of berberine on β-catenin protein expression in tumor tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenograft tumor models; E: The effect of berberine on β-catenin mRNA in liver tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenografts; F: The effect of berberine on β-catenin protein expression in liver tissues of MGC803 and SGC7901 xenografts. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; ^dP < 0.0001. Ctrl: The control group; BBR: The berberine group.