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Maggioni MB, Sibgatulin R, Krämer M, Güllmar D, Reichenbach JR. Assessment of training-associated changes of the lumbar back muscle using a multiparametric MRI protocol. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1408244. [PMID: 39483751 PMCID: PMC11524875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1408244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Adaptations in muscle physiology due to long-term physical training have been monitored using various methods: ranging from invasive techniques, such as biopsy, to less invasive approaches, such as electromyography (EMG), to various quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) parameters. Typically, these latter parameters are assessed immediately after exercise. In contrast, this work assesses such adaptations in a set of qMRI parameters obtained at rest in the lumbar spine muscles of volunteers. To this end, we developed a multiparametric measurement protocol to extract quantitative values of (water) T2, fat fraction, T1, and Intra Voxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM) diffusion parameters in the lumbar back muscle. The protocol was applied to 31 healthy subjects divided into three differently trained cohorts: two groups of athletes (endurance athletes and powerlifters) and a control group with a sedentary lifestyle. Significant differences in muscle water T2, fat fraction, and pseudo-diffusion coefficient linked to microcirculatory blood flow in muscle tissue were found between the trained and untrained cohorts. At the same time, diffusion coefficients (resolved along different directions) provided additional differentiation between the two groups of athletes. Specifically, the strength-trained athletes showed lower axial and higher radial diffusion components compared to the endurance-trained cohort, which may indicate muscle hypertrophy. In conclusion, utilizing multiparametric information revealed new insights into the potential of quantitative MR parameters to detect and quantify long-term effects associated with training in differently trained cohorts, even at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B. Maggioni
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Renat Sibgatulin
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Krämer
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Güllmar
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen R. Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Jena–Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Thu W, Woodward A, Cavadino A, Tin Tin S. Associations between transport modes and site-specific cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2024; 23:39. [PMID: 38609941 PMCID: PMC11015678 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a global public health problem. A practical solution would be to build physical activity into the daily routine by using active modes of transport. Choice of transport mode can influence cancer risk through their effects on levels of physical activity, sedentary time, and environmental pollution. This review synthesizes existing evidence on the associations of specific transport modes with risks of site-specific cancers. METHODS Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from 1914 to 17th February 2023. For cancer sites with effect measures available for a specific transport mode from two or more studies, random effects meta-analyses were performed to pool relative risks (RR) comparing the highest vs. lowest activity group as well as per 10 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) hour increment in transport-related physical activity per week (∼150 min of walking or 90 min of cycling). RESULTS 27 eligible studies (11 cohort, 15 case-control, and 1 case-cohort) were identified, which reported the associations of transport modes with 10 site-specific cancers. In the meta-analysis, 10 MET hour increment in transport-related physical activity per week was associated with a reduction in risk for endometrial cancer (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.997), colorectal cancer (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) and breast cancer (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89-0.996). The highest level of walking only or walking and cycling combined modes, compared to the lowest level, were significantly associated with a 12% and 30% reduced risk of breast and endometrial cancers respectively. Cycling, compared to motorized modes, was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer incidence and mortality. CONCLUSION Active transport appears to reduce cancer risk, but evidence for cancer sites other than colorectum, breast, and endometrium is currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Thu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair Woodward
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandar Tin Tin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Alsakarneh S, Jaber F, Beran A, Aldiabat M, Abboud Y, Hassan N, Abdallah M, Abdelfattah T, Numan L, Clarkston W, Bilal M, Shaukat A. The National Burden of Colorectal Cancer in the United States from 1990 to 2019. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:205. [PMID: 38201632 PMCID: PMC10778178 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CRC accounts for approximately a tenth of all cancer cases and deaths in the US. Due to large differences in demographics among the different states, we aim to determine trends in the CRC epidemiology and across different states, age groups, and genders. CRC rates, age-adjusted to the standard US population, were obtained from the GBD 2019 database. Time trends were estimated as annual percentage change (APC). A pairwise comparison was conducted between age- and gender-specific trends using the tests of parallelism and coincidence. Age-specific trends were also assessed in two age subgroups: younger adults aged 15-49 years and older adults aged 50-74 years. We also analyzed the prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs in the US between 1990 and 2019. A total of 5.53 million patients were diagnosed with CRC in the US between 1990 and 2019. Overall, CRC incidence rates have significantly increased in younger adults (11.1 per 100,000 persons) and decreased in older adults (136.8 per 100,000 persons) (AAPC = 1.2 vs. -0.6; AAPC difference = 1.8, p < 0.001). Age-specific trends were neither identical (p < 0.001) nor parallel (p < 0.001), suggesting that CRC incidence rates are different and increasing at a greater rate in younger adults compared to older adults. However, for both men and women (49.4 and 35.2 per 100,000 persons), incidence rates have decreased over the past three decades at the same rate (AAPC = -0.5 vs. -0.5; AAPC difference = 0, p = 0.1). Geographically, the southern states had the highest mortality rates with Mississippi having the highest rate of 20.1 cases per 100,000 population in 2019. Massachusetts, New York, and the District of Colombia had the greatest decreases in mortality over the study period (-42.1%, -41.4%, and -40.9%). Decreased mortality was found in all states except Mississippi, where the mortality of CRC increased over the study period (+1.5%). This research provides crucial insights for policymakers to tailor resource allocation, emphasizing the dynamic nature of CRC burden across states and age groups, ultimately informing targeted strategies for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqr Alsakarneh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; (F.J.); (N.H.)
| | - Fouad Jaber
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; (F.J.); (N.H.)
| | - Azizullah Beran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Mohammad Aldiabat
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Yazan Abboud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07013, USA;
| | - Noor Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; (F.J.); (N.H.)
| | - Mohamed Abdallah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Thaer Abdelfattah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, USA;
| | - Laith Numan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Wendell Clarkston
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA;
| | - Mohammad Bilal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA;
| | - Aasma Shaukat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA;
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Bergsten E, Mestivier D, Donnadieu F, Pedron T, Barau C, Meda LT, Mettouchi A, Lemichez E, Gorgette O, Chamaillard M, Vaysse A, Volant S, Doukani A, Sansonetti PJ, Sobhani I, Nigro G. Parvimonas micra, an oral pathobiont associated with colorectal cancer, epigenetically reprograms human colonocytes. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2265138. [PMID: 37842920 PMCID: PMC10580862 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2265138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, an intestinal dysbiotic microbiota with enrichment in oral cavity bacteria has been described in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Here, we characterize and investigate one of these oral pathobionts, the Gram-positive anaerobic coccus Parvimonas micra. We identified two phylotypes (A and B) exhibiting different phenotypes and adhesion capabilities. We observed a strong association of phylotype A with CRC, with its higher abundance in feces and in tumoral tissue compared with the normal homologous colonic mucosa, which was associated with a distinct methylation status of patients. By developing an in vitro hypoxic co-culture system of human primary colonic cells with anaerobic bacteria, we show that P. micra phylotype A alters the DNA methylation profile promoters of key tumor-suppressor genes, oncogenes, and genes involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In colonic mucosa of CRC patients carrying P. micra phylotype A, we found similar DNA methylation alterations, together with significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in inflammation, cell adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton, providing evidence of P. micra's possible role in the carcinogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bergsten
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Équipe universitaire EC2M3-EA7375, Université Paris- Est (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Denis Mestivier
- Équipe universitaire EC2M3-EA7375, Université Paris- Est (UPEC), Créteil, France
- Plateforme de Bio-informatique, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB/INSERM U955), Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Francoise Donnadieu
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Pedron
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Unité Bactériophage, Bactérie, Hôte, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Barau
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, CHU Henri Mondor Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France
| | - Landry Tsoumtsa Meda
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Unité des Toxines Bactériennes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Gorgette
- Plateforme de Bio-Imagerie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Amaury Vaysse
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Abiba Doukani
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Unité Mixte de Service Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la Vie et en Santé, Paris, France
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Équipe universitaire EC2M3-EA7375, Université Paris- Est (UPEC), Créteil, France
- Service de Gastroentérologie, CHU Henri Mondor Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Créteil, France
| | - Giulia Nigro
- Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Microenvironment and Immunity Unit, INSERM U1224, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Jordakieva G, Hasenoehrl T, Steiner M, Jensen-Jarolim E, Crevenna R. Occupational physical activity: the good, the bad, and the proinflammatory. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1253951. [PMID: 37869170 PMCID: PMC10587420 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1253951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for preventing several conditions associated with underlying chronic inflammation, e. g., cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. While an active lifestyle appears to have anti-inflammatory effects, high levels of occupational PA (OPA) were associated with inflammation and elevated mortality risks. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge (1) on the association between inflammation and OPA and (2) its implications for health and mortality. Methods and results This mini-review summarized relevant literature published before January 2023 using established scientific databases and sources. For the primary outcome, observational studies (S) reporting immunological effects (O) in subjects (P), with high (I) vs. low OPA (C), were included. For secondary outcomes, i.e., morbidity and mortality associated with inflammatory processes, (systematic) reviews were included. While "active" occupations and "moderate" OPA appear to have beneficial effects, low (particularly sedentary) and "high-intensity" OPA (particularly including heavy lifting tasks) were associated with inflammation and (CVD and cancer-related) mortality; higher leisure-time PA has been almost consistently associated with lower proinflammatory markers and all-cause mortality risks. Workplace interventions appear to counter some of the observed health effects of unfavorable work strain. Conclusion The few studies addressing OPA "intensity" and inflammatory markers are largely heterogeneous regarding OPA classification and confounder control. Sedentary and "heavy" OPA appear to promote proinflammatory effects. In addition to targeted management of work-related physical strain and hazardous environmental co-factors, occupational health providers should focus on employer-initiated exercise interventions and the promotion of leisure-time PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timothy Hasenoehrl
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Steiner
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Crevenna
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Milani N, Darband TJ, Mousa-Farkhani E, Goshayeshi L, Kabiri M. Impact of Various Risk Factors on the Positive Fecal Immunochemical Test for Colorectal Cancer in the Iranian Population. Middle East J Dig Dis 2023; 15:249-256. [PMID: 38523892 PMCID: PMC10955984 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2023.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent cancer with high mortality worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of CRC based on the positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT) result in the Iranian population. Methods: The present study was conducted on the health assessment data recorded in the SINA (Integrated Health Information System) in 2018 and 2019 from individuals who had participated in the national program, including asymptomatic people aged 50-69 years or had risk factors of CRC such as family or past personal history of CRC as well as symptomatic individuals, for the early detection and prevention of CRC in Mashhad, Iran. Results: The study participants included 140,463 eligible individuals, of whom 8258 (5.88%) and 145 (2.21%) were positive for FIT and diagnosed with colon cancer, respectively. Unfortunately, only 654 people had undergone colonoscopy. Our results indicated that age, fast food intake (≥two units per day), family history of CRC in first or second-degree relatives, some gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CRC, as well as bleeding per anus, constipation, abdominal cramp, and losing body weight were associated with increased risk of positive FIT. However, some other factors, including having a hard job, physical activity, and Iranian nationality (compared to non-Iranians), were associated with a low risk of positive FIT screening tests for CRC. Conclusion: A high number of high-risk persons in Mashhad were positive for the FIT test in 2018-2019, and many of them were diagnosed with CRC, according to the colonoscopy results. Therefore, screening is highly recommended as the first step in the early detection of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Milani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Mousa-Farkhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ladan Goshayeshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Kabiri
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lee HH, Lee KN, Kim JS, Cheung DY, Kwon HS, Lee BI, Cho YS, Park SH, Han K, Kim JI. Association between regular physical activity and lower incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:1588-1597. [PMID: 37277925 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to investigate the association between changes in physical activity (PA) status and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with diabetes. METHOD This nationwide population study included 1 439 152 patients with diabetes who underwent a health screening provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service between January 2009 and December 2012 and a follow-up screening after 2 years. Based on changes in PA status, participants were categorized into four groups: remained inactive, remained active, active-to-inactive and inactive-to-active. RESULTS During the median follow-up period of 5.2 years, 38 244 new cases of CRC were diagnosed. Compared with the remained inactive group, among the three other groups, the remained active group had the lowest risk of CRC [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.93; 95% CI 0.90-0.96], followed by the inactive-to-active group (aHR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-1.00) and active-to-inactive group (aHR 0.99; 95% CI 0.96-1.02), after adjusting for confounding variables (p = 0.0007). This reduction in cancer incidence in the remained active group was observed for both rectal cancer (aHR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79-0.95) and colon cancer (aHR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.97), irrespective of sex. In terms of the intensity and amount of PA, moderate intensity PA was the most effective, and a positive correlation was found between the amount of PA and the reduction in CRC incidence. CONCLUSION Regular PA was independently associated with a decreased risk of CRC in patients with diabetes. The intensity and amount of physical activity both play a role in reducing the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Hee Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Na Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyung St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo-In Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Heon Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Il Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Medici B, Riccò B, Caffari E, Zaniboni S, Salati M, Spallanzani A, Garajovà I, Benatti S, Chiavelli C, Dominici M, Gelsomino F. Early Onset Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Current Insights and Clinical Management of a Rising Condition. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3509. [PMID: 37444619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a recent overall decrease in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality, there has been a significant rise in CRC diagnoses in young adults. Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as CRC diagnosed before the age of 50. Possible predisposing conditions include not only genetic syndromes but also other risk factors, such as microbiome alteration, antibiotic exposure, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory bowel disease. EOCRC tends to be diagnosed later than in the older counterpart because of a lack of awareness and the fact that screening for CRC usually starts at the age of 50. Furthermore, CRC in young adults seems to be related to unique molecular features and more aggressive clinical behavior. This paper aims to provide an in-depth review of this poorly understood subject, with a comprehensive review of the state of the art and considerations for future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Medici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Riccò
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Eugenia Caffari
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Zaniboni
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallanzani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Ingrid Garajovà
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Benatti
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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9
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Murata F, Maeda M, Fukuda H. Association between metabolic syndrome and participation in colorectal cancer screening in Japan: A retrospective cohort analysis using LIFE study data. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 83:102335. [PMID: 36736056 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with metabolic syndrome have an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), and are recommended to undergo cancer screening. This study examined the association between metabolic syndrome and CRC screening participation in Japan. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted using insurance claims data, health checkup data, and cancer screening data from a Japanese city. The study population comprised persons aged 40-74 years who had undergone health checkups between fiscal years (FY) 2016 and 2019. The exposure was metabolic syndrome risk (high risk, moderate risk, and no risk) as determined during health checkups. The outcome was CRC screening participation. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between metabolic syndrome risk and CRC screening participation. RESULTS We analyzed 20,558 people in the FY2016 cohort, 19,065 people in the FY2017 cohort, 17,496 people in the FY2018 cohort, and 15,647 people in the FY2019 cohort. The odds of CRC screening participation were significantly lower in the moderate-risk group (P < 0.05) in all FYs except FY2019 and the high-risk group (P < 0.001) in all FYs when compared with the no-risk group. When analyzed according to age group, older persons aged 65-74 years generally had significantly lower odds of CRC screening participation than persons aged 40-49 years across all metabolic syndrome risk groups. CONCLUSION This is the first study from Japan to show that people with metabolic syndrome, especially older persons aged 65-74 years, are less likely to undergo CRC screening than people without metabolic syndrome. These findings indicate a need to develop and implement age-specific measures to increase cancer screening uptake among persons with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Murata
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Megumi Maeda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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10
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Hill EB, Baxter BA, Pfluger B, Slaughter CK, Beale M, Smith HV, Stromberg SS, Tipton M, Ibrahim H, Rao S, Leach H, Ryan EP. Plasma, urine, and stool metabolites in response to dietary rice bran and navy bean supplementation in adults at high-risk for colorectal cancer. FRONTIERS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 2:1087056. [PMID: 38469373 PMCID: PMC10927265 DOI: 10.3389/fgstr.2023.1087056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dietary intake of whole grains and legumes and adequate physical activity (PA) have been associated with reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. A single-blinded, two-arm, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial was implemented to evaluate the impact of a 12-week dietary intervention of rice bran + navy bean supplementation and PA education on metabolite profiles and the gut microbiome among individuals at high risk of CRC. Methods Adults (n=20) were randomized 1:1 to dietary intervention or control. All participants received PA education at baseline. Sixteen study foods were prepared with either heat-stabilized rice bran + navy bean powder or Fibersol®-2 as a placebo. Intervention participants consumed 30 g rice bran + 30 g navy bean powder daily; those in the control group consumed 10 g placebo daily. Non-targeted metabolite profiling was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to evaluate plasma, urine, and stool at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Stool was also analyzed for primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by UPLC-MS/MS and microbial community structure via 16S amplicon sequencing. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare differences between groups for metabolites, and mixed models were used to compare differences between groups for BAs, SCFAs, and alpha and beta diversity measures of microbial community structure. Results Across biological matrices, the intervention resulted in changes to several amino acid and lipid metabolites, compared to control. There was a 2.33-fold difference in plasma (p<0.001) and a 3.33-fold difference in urine (p=0.008) for the amino acid S-methylcysteine at 12 weeks. Fold-differences to 4-methoxyphenol sulfate in plasma and urine after 6 and 12 weeks (p<0.001) was a novel result from this combined rice bran and navy bean intervention in people. A 2.98-fold difference in plasma (p=0.002) and a 17.74-fold difference in stool (p=0.026) was observed for the lipid octadecenedioylcarnitine at 12 weeks. For stool BAs, 3-oxocholic acid was increased at 12 weeks compared to control within a subset of individuals (mean difference 16.2 ug/uL, p=0.022). No significant differences were observed between groups for stool SCFAs or microbial community structure. Discussion Dietary intake of rice bran + navy beans demonstrates beneficial modulation of host and gut microbial metabolism and represents a practical and affordable means of increasing adherence to national guidelines for CRC control and prevention in a high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Bridget A. Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Brigitte Pfluger
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caroline K. Slaughter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Melanie Beale
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hillary V. Smith
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sophia S. Stromberg
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Madison Tipton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Hend Ibrahim
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Heather Leach
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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11
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Chen X, Guo F, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Brenner H. Physical activity, polygenic risk score, and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4655-4666. [PMID: 35891576 PMCID: PMC9972112 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether and to what extent the relationship between physical activity (PA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) differs according to CRC-related genetic risk remains to be determined, and no studies to date have quantified how much genetically determined risk could be compensated for with active exercise. METHODS Genetic risk was quantified by a polygenic risk score (PRS) summarizing the estimated effect of 140 CRC-associated genetic variants. Associations of PA with CRC risk were estimated by multivariable logistic regression across PRS levels. We also compared the impact of PA and specific PA types to the PRS using "genetic risk equivalent (GRE)", a novel approach to enhance effective risk communication. RESULTS Among 5058 CRC patients and 4134 controls, we observed no significant association between overall PA level in quartiles and CRC risk. However, the highest versus lowest lifetime leisure time physical activity (LTPA) was associated with a 13% lower CRC risk [odds ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-1.00] independent of PRS levels (adjusted p value for interaction = 0.18). This effect was equivalent to the effect of having 11 percentiles lower PRS (GRE -10.6, 95% CI -20.7 to -0.6). The GRE (95% CI) for the highest lifetime sports tertile was -23.0 (-33.9 to -12.0). CONCLUSIONS LTPA was inversely associated with CRC risk irrespective of polygenic risk for CRC, which reinforces the importance of LTPA in CRC prevention among the general population. Adequate sports activity can compensate for a large share of polygenic risk for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Chen
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feng Guo
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Unit of Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Genetic Tumor Epidemiology Group, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Chang WY, Chiu HM. Beyond colonoscopy: Physical activity as a viable adjunct to prevent colorectal cancer. Dig Endosc 2023; 35:33-46. [PMID: 35694899 DOI: 10.1111/den.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. The implementation of a mass screening program has been proven effective in reducing the global burden of CRC, but its effectiveness is not ideal and some metabolic derangements and lifestyle factors were reported to be attributable for such a deficit. Implementing positive lifestyle intervention as primary prevention therefore becomes critical because colorectal carcinogenesis can be promoted by several lifestyle factors, such as a lack of physical activity. Herein, we review the current evidence on the association and possible mechanisms between physical activity and CRC carcinogenesis. In addition, since CRC prevention heavily relies on resection of precancerous polyps and subsequent surveillance by colonoscopy, this review will also explore the impact of physical activity on populations with different colorectal polyp risks and its potential adjunct role in altering surveillance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Ghasemi P, Shafiee G, Ziamajidi N, Abbasalipourkabir R. Copper Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in SW480 Human Colon Cancer Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022:10.1007/s12011-022-03458-2. [PMID: 36274109 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) have various applications in biomedicine, owing to their unique properties. As the effect of CuNPs on the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 has not yet been studied, we investigated the toxicity and mechanism of action of these NPs in SW480 cells. MTT assay was performed to assess the effect of the particles on the viability of SW480 cells. The levels of oxidative stress were assessed after 24 h of treatment with CuNPs by evaluating the Reactive Oxygen Specious (ROS) production. The antioxidant enzyme activity was assessed using a colorimetric method. To investigate the effect of NPs on cellular apoptosis, Hoechst33258 staining was performed, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and p53 was evaluated by qRT-PCR. The MTT assay results showed that CuNPs inhibited the viability of SW480 cells. Moreover, the increase in ROS production at all three concentrations (31, 68, and 100 μg/ml) was significant. It has been observed that CuNPs lead to increased expression of Bax and p53, and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Hoechst staining was performed to confirm apoptosis. In conclusion, the induction of apoptosis demonstrated the anticancer potential of the CuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Ghasemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517619657, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shafiee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517619657, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517619657, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517619657, Iran.
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14
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Osborne H, Burt P. Including exercise prescription in the management of non-specific low back pain. Emerg Med Australas 2022; 34:833-836. [PMID: 36071573 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.14076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Osborne
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter Burt
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Amirsasan R, Akbarzadeh M, Akbarzadeh S. Exercise and colorectal cancer: prevention and molecular mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:247. [PMID: 35945569 PMCID: PMC9361674 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity have been shown to be strongly associated with a decreased incidence rate of various chronic diseases especially numerous human malignancies. A huge number of clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated that exercise is significantly effective in lowering the risk of colorectal cancer. In addition, it is suggested as an effective therapeutic modality against this cancer type. Therefore, in this review, we will review comprehensibly the effects of exercise in preventing, treating, and alleviating the adverse effects of conventional therapeutic options in colorectal cancer. Moreover, the possible mechanisms underlying the positive effects of exercise and physical activity in colorectal cancer, including regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, growth factor axis, immunity, epigenetic, etc. will be also discussed.
Exercise is an effective post-treatment management program in colorectal cancer survivals Exercise improves muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, emotional distress, physical activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in colorectal patients undergoing chemotherapy Targeting and modulating insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, inflammation, apoptosis, immunity, epigenetic, Leptin and Ghrelin, and signaling pathways are major underlying mechanisms for preventive effects of exercise in colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Amirsasan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Akbarzadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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16
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Duraiyarasan S, Adefuye M, Manjunatha N, Ganduri V, Rajasekaran K. Colon Cancer and Obesity: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27589. [PMID: 36059323 PMCID: PMC9433794 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Obesity has shown to increase the blood levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), leptin, resistin, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) which in turn acts via various signaling pathways to induce colonic cell proliferation and in turn CRC development. It has been shown that estrogen can prevent and cause CRC based on which receptor it acts. Obese patients have relatively low levels of ghrelin and adiponectin that inhibit cell proliferation which further adds to their risk of developing CRC. Obesity can alter the microbial flora of the gut in such a way as to favor carcinogenesis. Weight loss and good physical activity have been related to a reduced incidence of CRC; obese individuals should be screened for CRC and counseled about the importance of weight reduction, diet, and exercise. The best way of screening is using BMI and waist circumference (WC) to calculate the CRC risk in obese people. This study has reviewed the association between obesity and its pathophysiological association with CRC development.
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17
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Jenniskens JCA, Offermans K, Simons CCJM, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, van der Meer JRM, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA. Energy balance-related factors and risk of colorectal cancer based on KRAS, PIK3CA, and BRAF mutations and MMR status. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:2723-2742. [PMID: 35546360 PMCID: PMC9470639 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction KRAS mutations (KRASmut), PIK3CAmut, BRAFmut, and mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have been associated with the Warburg-effect. We previously observed differential associations between energy balance-related factors (BMI, clothing-size, physical activity) and colorectal cancer (CRC) subtypes based on the Warburg-effect. We now investigated whether associations between energy balance-related factors and risk of CRC differ between subgroups based on mutation and MMR status. Methods Information on molecular features was available for 2349 incident CRC cases within the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS), with complete covariate data available for 1934 cases and 3911 subcohort members. Multivariable-adjusted Cox-regression was used to estimate associations of energy balance-related factors with risk of CRC based on individual molecular features (KRASmut; PIK3CAmut; BRAFmut; dMMR) and combinations thereof (all-wild-type + MMR-proficient (pMMR); any-mutation/dMMR). Results In men, BMI and clothing-size were positively associated with risk of colon, but not rectal cancer, regardless of molecular features subgroups; the strongest associations were observed for PIK3CAmut colon cancer. In women, however, BMI and clothing-size were only associated with risk of KRASmut colon cancer (p-heterogeneityKRASmut versus all-wild-type+pMMR = 0.008). Inverse associations of non-occupational physical activity with risk of colon cancer were strongest for any-mutation/dMMR tumors in men and women, and specifically for PIK3CAmut tumors in women. Occupational physical activity was inversely associated with both combination subgroups of colon cancer in men. Conclusion In men, associations did not vary according to molecular features. In women, a role of KRAS mutations in the etiological pathway between adiposity and colon cancer is suggested, and of PIK3CA mutations between physical activity and colon cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04019-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josien C A Jenniskens
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Offermans
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Colinda C J M Simons
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna Samarska
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorio E Fazzi
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaleesa R M van der Meer
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Smits
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Weijenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Pathology and Data Analytics, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Piet A van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Impact of Diet and Exercise on Colorectal Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:471-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) were diagnosed in advanced stage and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, early detection and prevention of CRC are very important. As with other cancers, there is also the tertiary prevention for CRC. The primary prevention is etiological prevention, which is mainly the treatment of adenoma or inflammation for preventing the development into cancer. The secondary prevention is the early diagnosis and early treatment for avoiding progressing to advanced cancer. The tertiary prevention belongs to the broad category of prevention, mainly for advanced CRC, through surgical treatment and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy for preventing tumor recurrence or metastasis. This consensus is based on the recent domestic and international consensus guidelines and the latest progress of international researches in the past five years. This consensus opinion seminar was hosted by the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology and Cancer Collaboration Group of Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, and was organized by the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology & Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The consensus opinion contains 60 statement clauses, the standard and basis of the evidence-based medicine grade and voting grade of the statement strictly complied with the relevant international regulations and practice.
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20
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Yang P, Shan R, Wei Y, Ni J, Chen H, Yang C, Yan H, Shen B. Meta-Analysis on the Application Value of Collaborative Nursing in Postcolostomy Nursing of Patients with Colorectal Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6940715. [PMID: 35136418 PMCID: PMC8818416 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6940715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the effect of collaborative nursing on self-care ability of postcolostomy patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases were searched to collect relevant literatures on randomized controlled trials of postcolostomy patients with CRC. The search period was started from 2010 to 2021. Statistical analysis was performed on the data extracted from the comprehensive meta-analysis with STATA 16.0 analysis software. RESULTS As a result, it was found that the incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was higher than that in the treatment group. Seven studies included the preintervention self-care concept and preintervention self-care skills. Six studies included preintervention self-care responsibility and preintervention exercise of self-care agency (ESCA) scale. In the comparison among the concept of self-care after intervention, self-care skills, self-care responsibility, and ESCA scale, all of them had higher scores in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). It fully explains that collaborative nursing can significantly improve the evaluation indicators of patients' self-care ability and reduce patient complications. CONCLUSION The application of collaborative nursing in the nursing work of patients with CRC after colostomy can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse nursing reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (First People's Hospital), Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rongfang Shan
- Department of Nursing, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (First People's Hospital), Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yinli Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (First People's Hospital), Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Juan Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (First People's Hospital), Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Haoyang Chen
- Nantong University, Jiangsu, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chengying Yang
- Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hongyan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (First People's Hospital), Jiangsu, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Biyu Shen
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 200127, China
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21
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Jenniskens JC, Offermans K, Simons CCJM, Samarska I, Fazzi GE, Smits KM, Schouten LJ, Weijenberg MP, Grabsch HI, van den Brandt PA. Energy balance-related factors and risk of colorectal cancer expressing different levels of proteins involved in the Warburg-effect. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:633-646. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Effect of Resistance Exercise on Acquired Immunocytes in Cancer Survivors: A Pilot Study. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S96-105. [PMID: 34844392 PMCID: PMC8654310 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142346.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of resistance exercise on skeletal muscle mass-related fitness and acquired immune cell function in ovarian cancer survivors. Methods Twelve ovarian cancer survivors aged 33–61 years participated voluntarily in this study and were divided into control group (CG, n=6) and exercise group (EG, n=6). They underwent removal of ovarian cancer and received regular care for over one year. Resistance exercise was used as the intervention program conducted 4 days a week for 12 weeks. Skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and endurance were assessed at baseline and at week 12. Other dependent variables included adaptive immunocytes related to helper T (Th) cells and immunosuppressors (CD4+ and CD8+). Results After the intervention, skeletal muscle mass showed positive changes in EG com-pared to CG, although not significantly different. Muscle strength and endurance significantly increased in EG, while there was no significant change in CG. Th1, Th2, and Th1/Th2 ratio were significantly different between both groups. CD4+CD25+T cells and CD4+PD-1+T cells of EG were lower than those of CG. CD8+PD-1+T cells and CD8+TIGIT+T of EG were lower than those of CG. These results can be interpreted as the improved sensitivity of CD4+ and CD8+, which helps the secretion of myokines and cytokines, when cytotoxic substances are injected into the human body. Conclusions This study suggests that resistance training improves upon desirable changes in adaptive immune cell responses in ovarian cancer survivors by maintaining skeletal muscle mass while developing strength and endurance.
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Lee M, Lee Y, Jang D, Shin A. Physical Activity after Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Mortality in a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194804. [PMID: 34638290 PMCID: PMC8508146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Physical activity can help to prevent colorectal cancer, but its importance after cancer diagnosis has not been validated. In this nationwide insurance data-based study of 43,596 colorectal cancer patients, a high level of physical activity after colorectal cancer diagnosis was negatively associated with a risk of death in both colon and rectal cancer patients, particularly in the surgically treated group. Our findings support the importance of the physical activity among colorectal cancer patients. Abstract Physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer, but its prognostic impact after cancer diagnosis remains unclear. To evaluate the association between post-diagnosis activity and cause-specific mortality, we reconstructed a colorectal cancer patient cohort from the 2009–16 Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Subgroup analyses were performed by treatment group. In total, 27,143 colon cancer patients and 16,453 rectal cancer patients were included in the analysis (mean follow-up, 4.3 years; median 4.0 years). In the surgically treated group, a high level of activity (the weighted sum of the frequencies for walking, moderate, and vigorous activity greater than or equal to 3 times/week) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (colon cancer: HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.88; rectal cancer: HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86) and colorectal cancer-specific mortality (colon cancer: HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.97; rectal cancer: HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.90). No significant results were shown for cardiovascular disease-specific mortality. No association was shown in patients who received chemoradiotherapy without surgery. The present study may provide evidence for post-diagnosis physical activity as a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, particularly in surgically treated early-stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunseo Lee
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (M.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Doeun Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Graduate School of Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Okada Y, Park SY, Wilkens LR, Maskarinec G, Shvetsov YB, Haiman C, Le Marchand L. White Rice Consumption and Risk for Colorectal Cancer among Japanese Americans: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Epidemiol 2021; 33:170-176. [PMID: 34380917 PMCID: PMC9939926 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White rice is a staple food for Japanese, a population at high risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between white rice intake and CRC among Japanese Americans in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study. METHODS The Multiethnic Cohort Study is a prospective study established in Hawaii and California in 1993-1996. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for quartiles of intake and to perform trend tests across sex-specific quartiles with adjustment for relevant confounders. RESULTS We identified 1,553 invasive CRC cases among 49,136 Japanese Americans (23,595 men and 25,541 women) during a mean follow-up of 19 years. White rice consumption was not associated with overall CRC incidence in men (p-trend = 0.11) or women (p-trend = 0.56). After excluding participants with a history of diabetes, the inverse associations were significant for CRC (p-trend = 0.03, HR for quartile 4 (Q4) vs. 1 = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.64-1.03) and tumors of the distal colon (p-trend = 0.006, HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 0.66; 0.44-0.99) among men but not women. CONCLUSIONS White rice consumption was not associated with an increased risk of overall CRC among Japanese Americans. An inverse association was observed with risk of CRC and distal colon cancer in men without a history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuito Okada
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center.,Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawaii
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Gertraud Maskarinec
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center
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Hamano T, Li X, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Is Neighbourhood Linking Social Capital Associated With Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality? A National Cohort Study From Sweden. J Prim Prev 2021; 42:493-510. [PMID: 34269962 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-021-00644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Past research on the social determinants of colorectal cancer (CRC) has shown that lower socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher risk of CRC. Similar to SES at the individual level, the neighbourhood social environment may partly affect the development of CRC. Although one important aspect of the neighbourhood social environment is social capital, no large-scale follow-up study has examined its potential effect on CRC. We examined whether neighbourhood "linking social capital," which is established through social relationships and may enable individuals to gain health-promotional resources, is associated with the incidence of and mortality related to CRC, after adjusting for individual- and familial-level factors. This longitudinal study, conducted in Sweden, comprised over 2 million men and over 2 million women aged 25 years or older. The follow-up period started on January 1, 2002 and continued until first incidence of CRC, death due to CRC, death from any other cause, emigration, or the end of the study period on December 31, 2015. We identified over 20,000 CRC cases during the follow-up period. We used multilevel logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, higher ORs of CRC were observed in individuals who lived in neighbourhoods with low, relative to high social capital. Our results suggest that neighbourhood linking social capital has independent effects on CRC. Future studies could explore how simple interventions that can build linking social capital can enhance people's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hamano
- Department of Sports Sociology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sociology, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan. .,Center for Community-Based Health Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for the Promotion of Project Research, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
| | - Xinjun Li
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Community-Based Health Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for the Promotion of Project Research, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Community-Based Health Research and Education (CoHRE), Organization for the Promotion of Project Research, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.,Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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Chen H, Zheng X, Zong X, Li Z, Li N, Hur J, Fritz CD, Chapman W, Nickel KB, Tipping A, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL, Olsen MA, Fields RC, Cao Y. Metabolic syndrome, metabolic comorbid conditions and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer. Gut 2021; 70:1147-1154. [PMID: 33037055 PMCID: PMC8032822 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Factors that lead to metabolic dysregulation are associated with increased risk of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC diagnosed under age 50). However, the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and early-onset CRC remains unexamined. DESIGN We conducted a nested case-control study among participants aged 18-64 in the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database (2006-2015). Incident CRC was identified using pathologist-coded International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes, and controls were frequency matched. MetS was defined as presence of ≥3 conditions among obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia/type 2 diabetes, based on ICD-9-CM and use of medications. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs. RESULTS MetS was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC (n=4673; multivariable adjusted OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.43), similar to CRC diagnosed at age 50-64 (n=14 928; OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.27). Compared with individuals without a metabolic comorbid condition, those with 1, 2 or ≥3 conditions had a 9% (1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.17), 12% (1.12; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24) and 31% (1.31; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.51) higher risk of early-onset CRC (ptrend <0.001). No associations were observed for one or two metabolic comorbid conditions and CRC diagnosed at age 50-64. These positive associations were driven by proximal (OR per condition 1.14; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) and distal colon cancer (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.18), but not rectal cancer (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.09). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic dysregulation was associated with increased risk of early-onset CRC, driven by proximal and distal colon cancer, thus at least in part contribute to the rising incidence of early-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Chen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zitong Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cassandra Dl Fritz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katelin B Nickel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew Tipping
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret A Olsen
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells Has Potential Predictive Value for Individual Responses to Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123672. [PMID: 33297488 PMCID: PMC7762426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiotherapy is often used as a neo-adjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. While treatment generally induces an improvement in the outcome, some patients show resistance to treatment for reasons that still have to be elucidated. In this work, we report an in vitro and in vivo model based on patient-derived cancer stem cells. This model is able to predict individual responses to radiotherapy. The results indicate that cells found to be radiation-sensitive in vitro generated radiation-sensitive tumor xenografts upon subcutaneous implantation. Analogously, cancer stem cells (CSCs) that did not respond to in vitro radiation treatment generated radiation-resistant tumor xenografts. Moreover, radioresistant CSCs were generally isolated via biopsies of patients with poor responses to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy. This suggests that a cell-based in vitro test may itself be sufficient to predict outcomes in donor patients. Abstract Neo-adjuvant radiotherapy is frequently employed in the therapeutic management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Radiotherapy can both reduce local recurrence and improve the success of surgical procedures by reducing tumor mass size. However, some patients show a poor response to treatment, which results in primary resistance or relapse after apparent curative surgery. In this work, we report in vitro and in vivo models based on patient-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs); these models are able to predict individual responses to radiotherapy in LARC. CSCs isolated from colorectal cancer biopsies were subjected to in vitro irradiation with the same clinical protocol used for LARC patients. Animal models, generated by CSC xenotransplantation, were also obtained and treated with the same radiotherapy protocol. The results indicate that CSCs isolated from rectal cancer needle biopsies possess an intrinsic grade of sensitivity to treatment, which is also maintained in the animal model. Notably, the specific CSCs’ in vitro and in vivo sensitivity values correspond to patients’ responses to radiotherapy. This evidence suggests that an in vitro radiotherapy response predictivity assay could support clinical decisions for the management of LARC patients, thus avoiding radiation toxicity to resistant patients and reducing the treatment costs.
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Cillekens B, Lang M, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E, Huysmans MA, Holtermann A, van der Beek AJ, Coenen P. How does occupational physical activity influence health? An umbrella review of 23 health outcomes across 158 observational studies. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1474-1481. [PMID: 33239353 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) has substantial benefits across a range of health outcomes. There is uncertainty about the PA-specific health effects, and in particular, the occupational domain. In this umbrella review, we synthesised available evidence on the associations between occupational PA (OPA) and health-related outcomes (including cancer, all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease). This work informed the development of WHO's guidelines on PA and sedentary behaviour (2020). DESIGN Umbrella review of systematic reviews. DATA SOURCE We performed a literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL and Sportdiscuss from database inception to 2 December 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES We included systematic reviews if they contained a quantitative assessment of OPA and its relationship with at least one health-related outcome. RESULTS We summarised the evidence of 17 reviews covering 23 unique health-related outcomes. We graded most evidence as low or very low, or moderate quality. We found health benefits for those engaging in high versus low OPA for multiple cancer outcomes (including colon and prostate), ischaemic stroke, coronary heart disease and mental health (ie, mental well-being and life satisfaction). High OPA was associated with unfavourable health outcomes for all-cause mortality in men, mental ill health (ie, depression and anxiety), osteoarthritis, and sleep quality and duration. CONCLUSIONS We found favourable associations for most health-related outcomes with high OPA levels, but we also found some evidence for unfavourable associations due to high OPA levels. At this point, there is a need for better quality evidence to provide a unequivocal statement on the health effects of OPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cillekens
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Lang
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike A Huysmans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allard J van der Beek
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mahmood S, MacInnis RJ, Karahalios A, English DR, Lynch BM. Leisure-Time Physical Activity Versus Sedentary Behaviour in Relation to Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer: Are these Two Distinct Risk Factors? CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-020-00454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yuan C, Giovannucci EL. Epidemiological Evidence for Dietary Sugars and Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-020-00453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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McGettigan M, Cardwell CR, Cantwell MM, Tully MA. Physical activity interventions for disease-related physical and mental health during and following treatment in people with non-advanced colorectal cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5:CD012864. [PMID: 32361988 PMCID: PMC7196359 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012864.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. A diagnosis of colorectal cancer and subsequent treatment can adversely affect an individuals physical and mental health. Benefits of physical activity interventions in alleviating treatment side effects have been demonstrated in other cancer populations. Given that regular physical activity can decrease the risk of colorectal cancer, and cardiovascular fitness is a strong predictor of all-cause and cancer mortality risk, physical activity interventions may have a role to play in the colorectal cancer control continuum. Evidence of the efficacy of physical activity interventions in this population remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of physical activity interventions on the disease-related physical and mental health of individuals diagnosed with non-advanced colorectal cancer, staged as T1-4 N0-2 M0, treated surgically or with neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy (i.e. chemotherapy, radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy), or both. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2019, Issue 6), along with OVID MEDLINE, six other databases and four trial registries with no language or date restrictions. We screened reference lists of relevant publications and handsearched meeting abstracts and conference proceedings of relevant organisations for additional relevant studies. All searches were completed between 6 June and 14 June 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised control trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs comparing physical activity interventions, to usual care or no physical activity intervention in adults with non-advanced colorectal cancer. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, performed the data extraction, assessed the risk of bias and rated the quality of the studies using GRADE criteria. We pooled data for meta-analyses by length of follow-up, reported as mean differences (MDs) or standardised mean differences (SMDs) using random-effects wherever possible, or the fixed-effect model, where appropriate. If a meta-analysis was not possible, we synthesised studies narratively. MAIN RESULTS We identified 16 RCTs, involving 992 participants; 524 were allocated to a physical activity intervention group and 468 to a usual care control group. The mean age of participants ranged between 51 and 69 years. Ten studies included participants who had finished active treatment, two studies included participants who were receiving active treatment, two studies included both those receiving and finished active treatment. It was unclear whether participants were receiving or finished treatment in two studies. Type, setting and duration of physical activity intervention varied between trials. Three studies opted for supervised interventions, five for home-based self-directed interventions and seven studies opted for a combination of supervised and self-directed programmes. One study did not report the intervention setting. The most common intervention duration was 12 weeks (7 studies). Type of physical activity included walking, cycling, resistance exercise, yoga and core stabilisation exercise. Most of the uncertainty in judging study bias came from a lack of clarity around allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessors. Blinding of participants and personnel was not possible. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate overall. We did not pool physical function results at immediate-term follow-up due to considerable variation in results and inconsistency of direction of effect. We are uncertain whether physical activity interventions improve physical function compared with usual care. We found no evidence of effect of physical activity interventions compared to usual care on disease-related mental health (anxiety: SMD -0.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.40 to 0.18; 4 studies, 198 participants; I2 = 0%; and depression: SMD -0.21, 95% CI -0.50 to 0.08; 4 studies, 198 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence) at short- or medium-term follow-up. Seven studies reported on adverse events. We did not pool adverse events due to inconsistency in reporting and measurement. We found no evidence of serious adverse events in the intervention or usual care groups. Minor adverse events, such as neck, back and muscle pain were most commonly reported. No studies reported on overall survival or recurrence-free survival and no studies assessed outcomes at long-term follow-up We found evidence of positive effects of physical activity interventions on the aerobic fitness component of physical fitness (SMD 0.82, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.29; 7 studies, 295; I2 = 68%; low-quality evidence), cancer-related fatigue (MD 2.16, 95% CI 0.18 to 4.15; 6 studies, 230 participants; I2 = 18%; low-quality evidence) and health-related quality of life (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.62; 6 studies, 230 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence) at immediate-term follow-up. These positive effects were also observed at short-term follow-up but not medium-term follow-up. Only three studies reported medium-term follow-up for cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of studies included and the quality of the evidence. We are uncertain whether physical activity interventions improve physical function. Physical activity interventions may have no effect on disease-related mental health. Physical activity interventions may be beneficial for aerobic fitness, cancer-related fatigue and health-related quality of life up to six months follow-up. Where reported, adverse events were generally minor. Adequately powered RCTs of high methodological quality with longer-term follow-up are required to assess the effect of physical activity interventions on the disease-related physical and mental health and on survival of people with non-advanced colorectal cancer. Adverse events should be adequately reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marie M Cantwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mark A Tully
- Institute of Mental Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, UK
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Xia Z, Su Y, Petersen P, Qi L, Kim AE, Figueiredo JC, Lin Y, Nan H, Sakoda LC, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bien S, Buchanan DD, Casey G, Chan AT, Conti DV, Drew DA, Gallinger SJ, Gauderman WJ, Giles GG, Gruber SB, Gunter MJ, Hoffmeister M, Jenkins MA, Joshi AD, Le Marchand L, Lewinger JP, Li L, Lindor NM, Moreno V, Murphy N, Nassir R, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Rennert G, Song M, Wang X, Wolk A, Woods MO, Brenner H, White E, Slattery ML, Giovannucci EL, Chang‐Claude J, Pharoah PDP, Hsu L, Campbell PT, Peters U. Functional informed genome-wide interaction analysis of body mass index, diabetes and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3563-3573. [PMID: 32207560 PMCID: PMC7221445 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) and diabetes are established risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), likely through perturbations in metabolic traits (e.g. insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis). Identification of interactions between variation in genes and these metabolic risk factors may identify novel biologic insights into CRC etiology. METHODS To improve statistical power and interpretation for gene-environment interaction (G × E) testing, we tested genetic variants that regulate expression of a gene together for interaction with BMI (kg/m2 ) and diabetes on CRC risk among 26 017 cases and 20 692 controls. Each variant was weighted based on PrediXcan analysis of gene expression data from colon tissue generated in the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project for all genes with heritability ≥1%. We used a mixed-effects model to jointly measure the G × E interaction in a gene by partitioning the interactions into the predicted gene expression levels (fixed effects), and residual G × E effects (random effects). G × BMI analyses were stratified by sex as BMI-CRC associations differ by sex. We used false discovery rates to account for multiple comparisons and reported all results with FDR <0.2. RESULTS Among 4839 genes tested, genetically predicted expressions of FOXA1 (P = 3.15 × 10-5 ), PSMC5 (P = 4.51 × 10-4 ) and CD33 (P = 2.71 × 10-4 ) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for men; KIAA0753 (P = 2.29 × 10-5 ) and SCN1B (P = 2.76 × 10-4 ) modified the association of BMI on CRC risk for women; and PTPN2 modified the association between diabetes and CRC risk in both sexes (P = 2.31 × 10-5 ). CONCLUSIONS Aggregating G × E interactions and incorporating functional information, we discovered novel genes that may interact with BMI and diabetes on CRC risk.
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Su SY, Huang JY. Effect of nationwide screening program on colorectal cancer mortality in Taiwan: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:239-247. [PMID: 31834474 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reduce colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality in Taiwan, a nationwide screening program with fecal immunochemical test was implemented from January 2004. This study evaluated the influence of this screening program through the controlled interrupted time series analysis. METHODS The controlled interrupted time series analysis was performed using the Poisson regression model with simple linear spline function adjusted for 5-year age-groups and the birth cohort. A sensitivity analysis was performed to re-estimate the effect of the screening program. RESULTS The expected age-adjusted colorectal cancer mortality rates (by setting the effect of the screening program to zero) for both genders were close to the observed rates during 2004-2013 and were dramatically higher than the observed rates thereafter. The average annual percent changes in colorectal cancer mortality revealed an increasing trend for the age-groups 0-49 and ≥ 75 years and a decreasing trend for the age-groups 50-69 and 70-74 years for 2014-2017. Compared with 1991-2003, the adjusted mortality rate ratios were 0.93 (0.86-1.00) and 1.07 (1.00-1.15) in 2014-2017 for the screening and control groups. Regarding the percent changes, reductions of 7.49% between 1991-2003 and 2014-2017 and 14.76% between the control and screening groups were observed. CONCLUSION The nationwide screening program effectively reduced colorectal cancer mortality. Including individuals aged 70-74 years into the target population of the screening program as well as including medical centers and clinics in the program to promote the screening test effectively reduced colorectal cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yung Su
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Rm. 541, No. 17, Xuzhou Rd, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Stoffel EM, Murphy CC. Epidemiology and Mechanisms of the Increasing Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancers in Young Adults. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:341-353. [PMID: 31394082 PMCID: PMC6957715 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the decreasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in older populations, the incidence has nearly doubled in younger adults since the early 1990s. Approximately 1 in 10 new diagnoses of CRC are now made in individuals 50 years or younger. Patients' risk of CRC has been calculated largely by age and family history, yet 3 of 4 patients with early-onset CRC have no family history of the disease. Rapidly increasing incidence rates in younger people could result from generational differences in diet, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors. We review epidemiologic trends in CRC, data on genetic and nongenetic risk factors, and new approaches for determining CRC risk. These may identify individuals likely to benefit from early screening and specialized surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Stoffel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Caitlin C Murphy
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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35
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Yang CY. Deaths from colon cancer among farmers in Taiwan: a mortality odds ratio study. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:1137-1142. [PMID: 31826720 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1702312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association between increased risk of colon cancer development and occupation of farming. Data thus far have been inconsistent with respect to a correlation between farming and colon cancer occurrence. This type of study has not been undertaken in Asia. The aim of this investigation was to utilize the mortality odds ratio (MOR) design to estimate the relative risk (RR) of mortality attributed to colon cancer in farmers in Taiwan. Utilizing Taiwan's Death Certificate Registry, data were collected on subjects who died between 1997-2009. Our study group was comprised of individuals 50 years of age and higher who died of colon cancer, while the control group consisted of subjects the same age who died of all other causes excluding cancers. Multiple logistic regression was performed to compute the MOR adjusted for gender, age at death, year of death, marital status, and urbanization levels. Of the 32,456 farmers who died, 558 were attributed to die of colon cancer. Farmers in Taiwan had a significantly lower risk of mortality from colon cancer than non-farmers (MOR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78-0.93), similar to estimates reported in previous meta-analyses. Occupational physical activity or higher consumption of vegetables and fruits might have contributed to the lower risk of death due to colon cancer. The basis for these observations requires further examination as it appears that lifestyle is a crucial factor in colon cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuh Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Wang X, O'Connell K, Jeon J, Song M, Hunter D, Hoffmeister M, Lin Y, Berndt S, Brenner H, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Gong J, Gunter MJ, Harrison TA, Hayes RB, Joshi A, Newcomb P, Schoen R, Slattery ML, Vargas A, Potter JD, Le Marchand L, Giovannucci E, White E, Hsu L, Peters U, Du M. Combined effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 11 population-based studies. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000339. [PMID: 31875139 PMCID: PMC6904202 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2019-000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 'Environmental' factors associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk include modifiable and non-modifiable variables. Whether those with different non-modifiable baseline risks will benefit similarly from reducing their modifiable CRC risks remains unclear. DESIGN Using 7945 cases and 8893 controls from 11 population-based studies, we combined 17 risk factors to characterise the overall environmental predisposition to CRC (environmental risk score (E-score)). We estimated the absolute risks (ARs) of CRC of 10 and 30 years across E-score using incidence-rate data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programme. We then combined the modifiable risk factors and estimated ARs across the modifiable risk score, stratified by non-modifiable risk profile based on genetic predisposition, family history and height. RESULTS Higher E-score was associated with increased CRC risk (ORquartile, 1.33; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.37). Across E-scores, 30-year ARs of CRC increased from 2.5% in the lowest quartile (Q1) to 5.9% in the highest (Q4) quartile for men, and from 2.1% to 4.5% for women. The modifiable risk score had a stronger association in those with high non-modifiable risk (relative excess risk due to interaction=1.2, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.9). For those in Q4 of non-modifiable risk, a decrease in modifiable risk reduced 30-year ARs from 8.9% to 3.4% for men and from 6.0% to 3.2% for women, a level lower or comparable to the average population risk. CONCLUSIONS Changes in modifiable risk factors may result in a substantial decline in CRC risk in both sexes. Those with high inherited risk may reap greater benefit from lifestyle modifications. Our results suggested comprehensive evaluation of environmental factors may facilitate CRC risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelli O'Connell
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jihyoun Jeon
- Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jian Gong
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Epidemiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amit Joshi
- Epidemiology, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Polly Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Schoen
- Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ashley Vargas
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Nutrition, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mengmeng Du
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Grazioso TP, Brandt M, Djouder N. Diet, Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer. iScience 2019; 21:168-187. [PMID: 31669832 PMCID: PMC6889474 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a very dynamic tissue under a high regenerative pressure, which makes it susceptible to malignant transformation. Proper integration of various cell signaling pathways and a balanced cross talk between different cell types composing the organ are required to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Dysregulation of this balance can lead to colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we review important insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms of CRC. We discuss how perturbation in complex regulatory networks, including the Wnt, Notch, BMP, and Hedgehog pathways; and how variations in inflammatory signaling, nutrients, and microbiota can affect intestinal homeostasis contributing to the malignant transformation of intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana P Grazioso
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Marta Brandt
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Nabil Djouder
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Oncológicas, CNIO, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Conti L, Del Cornò M, Gessani S. Revisiting the impact of lifestyle on colorectal cancer risk in a gender perspective. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 145:102834. [PMID: 31790930 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Patterns and trends in CRC incidence and mortality correlate with increasing adoption of Western lifestyles and with the overweight/obesity epidemic. Both genetic background and a range of modifiable environmental/lifestyle factors play a role in CRC etiology. Among these the links of body weight, dietary patterns and physical activity (PA) behavior with CRC risk are some of the strongest for any type of cancer, with a different impact in women and men. Nonetheless, gender disparities still represent a neglected aspect of CRC management. This review sheds light on gender-related association of obesity and different dietary/PA habits with CRC risk, highlighting the importance of lifestyle modifications in the prevention of this neoplastic disease. In this scenario, intervention studies are strongly recommended to define the most effective dietary/PA regimens for primary prevention of cancer in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Del Cornò
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Pacheco LS, Anderson CAM, Lacey JV, Giovannucci EL, Lemus H, Araneta MRG, Sears DD, Talavera GA, Martinez ME. Sugar-sweetened beverages and colorectal cancer risk in the California Teachers Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223638. [PMID: 31596902 PMCID: PMC6785057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains unclear and published data are limited. METHODS The analytic cohort included 99,798 women, free of cancer at baseline, from the California Teachers Study, a longitudinal cohort comprised of 133,477 female teachers and administrators who were active or recently retired members of the California State Teachers Retirement System in 1995. SSB consumption constituted caloric soft drinks, sweetened bottled waters and teas, and fruit drinks, derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Consumption was divided into four categories: Rare or never, >rare/never to <1 serving/week, ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day, and ≥1 serving/day. CRC endpoints were based on annual linkage with California Cancer Registry, defined as first diagnosis of CRC, and classified following the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program coding system. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for assessing the association between SSB consumption and incident CRC. RESULTS A total of 1,318 incident CRC cases were identified over 20 years of follow-up (54.5% proximal colon and 45.5% distal colorectum). Compared with rare/never consumers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.14 (0.86, 1.53) for total CRC; 1.11 (0.73, 1.68) for proximal colon; and 1.22 (0.80, 1.86) for distal colorectum cancers among women consuming ≥ 1 serving/day of SSBs. CONCLUSION SSBs were not significantly associated with CRC risk. The biological effects of high SSB consumption make it important to continue to evaluate whether SSBs are associated with CRC. Additionally, future studies should further assess SSBs in large, racial/ethnically diverse cohorts of males and females, and, if feasible, address changes in SSB consumption over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S. Pacheco
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. M. Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James V. Lacey
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hector Lemus
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Rosario G. Araneta
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- College of Health Solution, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Talavera
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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40
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Kim D, Kim Y, Kim Y. Effects of β-carotene on Expression of Selected MicroRNAs, Histone Acetylation, and DNA Methylation in Colon Cancer Stem Cells. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:224-232. [PMID: 31950022 PMCID: PMC6951318 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.4.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-carotene (BC) is a carotenoid which exerts anti-cancer effects in several types of cancer, including colorectal cancer. Epigenetic modifications of genes, such as histone deacetylation and DNA hypermethylation, have also been detected in various types of cancer. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying cancer preventive and therapeutic effects of BC, microRNAs (miRNAs), histone acetylation, and global DNA methylation in colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) were investigated. Methods HCT116 colon cancer cells positive for expression of CD44 and CD133 were sorted by flow cytometry and used in subsequent experiments. Cell proliferation was examined by the MTT assay and self-renewal capacity was analyzed by the sphere formation assay. The miRNA sequencing array was used to detect miRNAs regulated by BC. Histone acetylation levels were measured by the Western blot analysis. mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) was examined by qPCR and global DNA methylation levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Treatment of CD44+CD133+ colon CSCs with BC caused a reduction in both cell proliferation and sphere formation. Analysis of the miRNA sequencing array showed that BC regulated expression of miRNAs associated with histone acetylation. Histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels were elevated by BC treatment. In addition, BC treatment down-regulated DNMT3A mRNA expression and global DNA methylation in colon CSCs. Conclusions These results suggest that BC regulates epigenetic modifications for its anti-cancer effects in colon CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Chouhdari A, Yavari P, Pourhoseingholi MA, Shahrabi Farahani H. The Relationship Between Lifestyle and Compliance with Colonoscopy in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Colorectal Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2019; 12. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.87824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
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Colorectal cancer risk factors in asymptomatic Chilean population: a survey of international collaboration between Japan and Chile. Eur J Cancer Prev 2019; 29:127-133. [PMID: 31436751 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Chile, the mortality from colorectal cancer has been on the rise. A national screening program based on a fecal immunochemical test was started in 2012 as an international collaboration with Japan. This case-control study was designed to identify the risk factors for colorectal cancer, with a goal of increasing the participation rate for colorectal cancer screening. In accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines, we conducted a case-control study from 2012 to 2017; 23 845 asymptomatic participants were enrolled in the study. Participants who were fecal immunochemical test-positive or had a family history of colorectal cancer underwent a colonoscopy. We analyzed the odds ratio of the risk factors for colorectal cancer, including sex, age, family history, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and daily intake of certain food items. For the screening program, 202 cases of colorectal cancer were detected, and 195 of them were evaluated pathologically after resection. Of these, 173 cases (88.7%) had colorectal cancer stage 0/1, 151 (77.4%) of which were treated with endoscopic resection. In the multivariate analysis, male sex, family history of colorectal cancer, and low intake of cereals or fibers were closely related to a high colorectal cancer incidence. Moreover, participants in their 60s and 70s had a higher incidence of colorectal cancer than those in their 50s. These results suggest that intensive screening of the high-risk population can help in improving the detection of colorectal cancer, whereas higher consumption of cereals or fibers can be effective in preventing its onset.
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Araghi M, Soerjomataram I, Jenkins M, Brierley J, Morris E, Bray F, Arnold M. Global trends in colorectal cancer mortality: projections to the year 2035. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:2992-3000. [PMID: 30536395 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Predictions of the future burden of the disease inform health planners and raise awareness of the need for cancer control action. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for 1989-2016 were used to project colon and rectal cancer mortality rates and number of deaths in 42 countries up to the year 2035, using age-period-cohort (APC) modelling. Mortality rates for colon cancer are predicted to continue decreasing in the majority of included countries from Asia, Europe, North America and Oceania, except Latin America and Caribbean countries. Mortality rates from rectal cancer in general followed those of colon cancer, however rates are predicted to increase substantially in Costa Rica (+73.6%), Australia (+59.2%), United States (+27.8%), Ireland (+24.2%) and Canada (+24.1%). Despite heterogeneous trends in rates, the number of deaths is expected to rise in all countries for both colon and rectal cancer by 60.0% and 71.5% until 2035, respectively, due to population growth and ageing. Reductions in colon and rectal cancer mortality rates are probably due to better accessibility to early detection services and improved specialized care. The expected increase in rectal cancer mortality rates in some countries is worrisome and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Araghi
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Soerjomataram
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark Jenkins
- University of Melbourne, Centre for MEGA Epidemiology, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Brierley
- University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eva Morris
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies & Pathology, Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie Bray
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melina Arnold
- Section of Cancer Surveillance, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Oruç Z, Kaplan MA. Effect of exercise on colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:348-366. [PMID: 31139306 PMCID: PMC6522766 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i5.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, because of improved cancer screening, detection and treatment modalities, a rapid increase in the population of colorectal and other cancer survivors has been observed. The increasing population has justified the requirement of preventive strategies such as lifestyle modifications with regard to obesity, physical activity, diet and smoking. Physical activity may prevent approximately 15% of the colon cancers. Furthermore, several observational studies have demonstrated the efficacy and dose-dependent and anti-cancer effects of exercise on decreasing the mortality and risk of recurrence before and after the colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis. However, the required exercise dose, type and intensity are yet unclear. The results of randomised prospective studies are expected to determine the optimal amount, type and intensity of exercise and formulate the most appropriate exercise plan and guidelines, according to the requirements and comorbidities of the patients. In addition, recent studies have focused on the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the effect of physical activity on disease outcomes and recurrence rates. This review aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity and the biological basis of these effects in preventing the risk and recurrence of CRC and decreasing the hazards of cancer and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Oruç
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin 33000, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ali Kaplan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21280, Turkey
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Jackson SE, Williams K, Beeken RJ, Steptoe A. Changes in Health and Wellbeing in the Years Leading up to a Cancer Diagnosis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 12:79-88. [PMID: 30606717 PMCID: PMC6365212 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests cancer survivors suffer impairments in health and wellbeing that predate their diagnosis. This study prospectively examined changes from 4 to 6 years prediagnosis to 0 to 2 years postdiagnosis. Data were from 477 cancer survivors and 5,451 cancer-free comparisons participating in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. We examined group-by-time interactions for self-rated health, quality of life (QoL), depression, life satisfaction and impairments in mobility, activities of daily living (ADL), and instrumental ADLs (IADL). All health and wellbeing markers worsened over time in both groups. A greater decline in cancer survivors' self-rated health was evident as early as 2 to 4 years prediagnosis (P < 0.001). Around diagnosis, there were greater declines in IADL impairment (P < 0.001), QoL (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001) in cancer survivors than in controls. Mobility and ADL impairments were consistently more prevalent among cancer survivors (P < 0.001), and life satisfaction was consistently lower (P = 0.004), but the rate of change over time did not differ significantly between groups. These results suggest there may be early signs of deterioration in perceived health that precede development of symptoms leading to cancer diagnosis by many years. Some of the impaired wellbeing in cancer patients may be long-standing, while other changes are more acute and may require targeted support following diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Kate Williams
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Acaster Lloyd Consulting Ltd, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Beeken
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Kim SY, Han KD, Joo YH. Metabolic Syndrome and Incidence of Laryngeal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:667. [PMID: 30679643 PMCID: PMC6345961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37061-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects the incidence of laryngeal cancer. The aim of this national population-based retrospective study was to analyze the relationship between MetS and the incidence of laryngeal cancer. Patients with laryngeal cancer (ICD-10: C32) between 2009 and 2010 were retrospectively identified and tracked until 2015 using the Korean Health Insurance claims database. During the seven-year follow-up period, 5,322 subjects were newly diagnosed with larynx cancer. The mean age of people with laryngeal cancer was much higher than those without (63.29 vs. 47.7 years, p < 0.0001), and the incidence of larynx cancer in men was much higher than that in women (93.16% vs. 6.84%, p < 0.0001). Age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, and exercise-adjusted hazard ratios indicated that participants with MetS had a 1.13-fold higher hazard of having larynx cancer than those without MetS. The number of MetS components was a strong risk factor for laryngeal cancer with a higher risk estimate of this cancer in both ex- and current smokers as well as people who have never smoked. MetS was found to be an independent risk factor for the incidence of laryngeal cancer. In Korea, MetS and its components are significantly associated with the development of laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Joo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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The Effects of Exercise on Adolescent Physical Development, Brain Development and Adult Health in Underserved Populations. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Malcomson FC. Mechanisms underlying the effects of nutrition, adiposity and physical activity on colorectal cancer risk. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mahmood S, English DR, MacInnis RJ, Karahalios A, Owen N, Milne RL, Giles GG, Lynch BM. Domain-specific physical activity and the risk of colorectal cancer: results from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1063. [PMID: 30390649 PMCID: PMC6215664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity reduces the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the relevant evidence derives primarily from self-reported recreational and occupational activity. Less is known about the contribution of other domains of physical activity, such as transport and household. We examined associations between domain-specific physical activities and CRC risk within the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. METHODS Analyses included 23,586 participants who were free from invasive colorectal cancer and had completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form at follow-up 2 (2003-2007). Cox regression, with age as the time metric, was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ordinal categories of each physical activity domain. RESULTS Adjusted HRs for the highest versus the lowest categories of physical activity were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.51-0.98; ptrend = 0.03) for recreational activity; 0.80 (95% CI: 0.49-1.28; ptrend = 0.38) for occupational activity; 0.90 (95% CI: 0.68-1.19; ptrend = 0.20) for transport activity; and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.82-1.40; ptrend = 0.46) for household activity. CONCLUSIONS Recreational activity was associated with reduced CRC risk. A non-significant, inverse association was observed for occupational activity, whereas no association was found for transport or household domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mahmood
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amalia Karahalios
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brigid M. Lynch
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
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50
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Dashti SG, Win AK, Hardikar SS, Glombicki SE, Mallenahalli S, Thirumurthi S, Peterson SK, You YN, Buchanan DD, Figueiredo JC, Campbell PT, Gallinger S, Newcomb PA, Potter JD, Lindor NM, Le Marchand L, Haile RW, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Basen-Engquist KM, Lynch PM, Pande M. Physical activity and the risk of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2250-2260. [PMID: 29904935 PMCID: PMC6195467 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Greater physical activity is associated with a decrease in risk of colorectal cancer for the general population; however, little is known about its relationship with colorectal cancer risk in people with Lynch syndrome, carriers of inherited pathogenic mutations in genes affecting DNA mismatch repair (MMR). We studied a cohort of 2,042 MMR gene mutations carriers (n = 807, diagnosed with colorectal cancer), from the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Self-reported physical activity in three age-periods (20-29, 30-49 and ≥50 years) was summarized as average metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-hr/week) during the age-period of cancer diagnosis or censoring (near-term exposure) and across all age-periods preceding cancer diagnosis or censoring (long-term exposure). Weighted Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between physical activity and colorectal cancer risk. Near-term physical activity was associated with a small reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer (HR ≥35 vs. <3.5 MET-hr/week, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.96). The strength and direction of associations were similar for long-term physical activity, although the associations were not nominally significant. Our results suggest that physical activity is inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer for people with Lynch syndrome; however, further confirmation is warranted. The potential modifying effect of physical activity on colorectal cancer risk in people with Lynch syndrome could be useful for risk prediction and support counseling advice for lifestyle modification to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ghazaleh Dashti
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Aung Ko Win
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheetal S Hardikar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen E Glombicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sheila Mallenahalli
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Selvi Thirumurthi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan K Peterson
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y Nancy You
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Noralane M Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, The University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - John L Hopper
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karen M Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick M Lynch
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mala Pande
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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