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Una Cidon E. Vasoactive intestinal peptide secreting tumour: An overview. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:808-819. [PMID: 35582098 PMCID: PMC9048535 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secreting tumour (VIPoma) is a rare functional neuroendocrine tumour that typically arises from pancreatic islet cells. These present as sporadic, solitary pancreatic neoplasias with an estimated incidence of one in ten million individuals per year. Only around 5% of VIPomas are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I syndrome. Excessive VIP secretion produces a clinical syndrome characterized by refractory watery diarrhoea, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. These coupled with elevated plasma levels of VIP are diagnostic. The majority of VIPomas are malignant and have already metastasized at the time of diagnosis (60%). Metastases occur most frequently in the liver, or regional lymph nodes, lungs, kidneys and bones. Some reports of skin metastases have been documented. Complete surgical resection continues to be the only potentially curative treatment. However, when the neoplasia cannot be excised completely, surgical debulking may provide palliative benefit. Other palliative options have included recently the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy which has shown to be effective and well-tolerated. This article will review all aspects of pancreatic VIPomas highlighting aspects such as clinical presentation, diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Una Cidon
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Dorset, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, Dorset, United Kingdom
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Carollo A, Papi S, Grana CM, Mansi L, Chinol M. State of the Art and Recent Developments of Radiopharmaceuticals for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Imaging. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 12:107-125. [DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666190306104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) are relatively rare tumors, mainly originating
from the digestive system, that tend to grow slowly and are often diagnosed when metastasised. Surgery
is the sole curative option but is feasible only in a minority of patients. Among them, pancreatic neuroendocrine
tumors (pancreatic NETs or pNETs) account for less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors. Viable
therapeutic options include medical treatments such as biotherapies and more recently Peptide Receptor
Radionuclide Therapies (PRRT) with radiolabeled somatostatin analogues. Molecular imaging, with main
reference to PET/CT, has a major role in patients with pNETs.
Objective:
The overexpression of specific membrane receptors, as well as the ability of cells to take up
amine precursors in NET, have been exploited for the development of specific targeting imaging agents.
Methods:
SPECT/CT and PET/CT with specific isotopes such as [68Ga]-1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclododecane-
N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetra-acetic acid (DOTA)-somatostatin analogs, [18F]-FDG and [18F]-fluorodopa have been
clinically explored.
Results:
To overcome the limitations of SSTR imaging, interesting improvements are connected with the
availability of new radiotracers, activating with different mechanisms compared to somatostatin analogues,
such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1 R) agonists or antagonists.
Conclusion:
This paper shows an overview of the RPs used so far in the imaging of pNETs with insight
on potential new radiopharmaceuticals currently under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Carollo
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Papi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara M. Grana
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Mansi
- Section Health and Development, Interuniversity Research Center for Sustainability (CIRPS), Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Chinol
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute of Oncology Via Ripamonti 435 20141 Milano, Italy
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA, Karmakova TA, Vorontsova MS, Morozova NB, Petriev VM, Abrosimov AS, Khramtsov YV, Lupanova TN, Ulasov AV, Yakubovskaya RI, Georgiev GP, Sobolev AS. Antitumor Activity of Auger Electron Emitter 111In Delivered by Modular Nanotransporter for Treatment of Bladder Cancer With EGFR Overexpression. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1331. [PMID: 30510514 PMCID: PMC6252321 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-ray emitting 111In, which is extensively used for imaging, is also a source of short-range Auger electrons (AE). While exhibiting negligible effect outside cells, these AE become highly toxic near DNA within the cell nucleus. Therefore, these radionuclides can be used as a therapeutic anticancer agent if delivered precisely into the nuclei of tumor target cells. Modular nanotransporters (MNTs) designed to provide receptor-targeted delivery of short-range therapeutic cargoes into the nuclei of target cells are perspective candidates for specific intracellular delivery of AE emitters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of 111In attached MNTs to kill human bladder cancer cells overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The cytotoxicity of 111In delivered by the EGFR-targeted MNT (111In-MNT) was greatly enhanced on EJ-, HT-1376-, and 5637-expressing EGFR bladder cancer cell lines compared with 111In non-targeted control. In vivo microSPECT/CT imaging and antitumor efficacy studies revealed prolonged intratumoral retention of 111In-MNT with t½ = 4.1 ± 0.5 days as well as significant dose-dependent tumor growth delay (up to 90% growth inhibition) after local infusion of 111In-MNT in EJ xenograft-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana A Karmakova
- National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Vorontsova
- National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia B Morozova
- National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy M Petriev
- National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yuri V Khramtsov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey V Ulasov
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Raisa I Yakubovskaya
- National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Paradigm shift in theranostics of neuroendocrine tumors: conceptual horizons of nanotechnology in nuclear medicine. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:151-164. [PMID: 29374820 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive review of Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) and the current and developing imaging and therapeutic modalities for NET with emphasis on Nuclear Medicine modalities. Subsequently, nanotechnology and its emerging role in cancer management, especially NET, are discussed. The article is both educative and informative. The objective is to provide an insight into the developments made in nuclear medicine and nanotechnology towards management of NET, individually as well as combined together.
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Abstract
A 47-year-old man presented with a recurrent thymoma World Health Organization type A of the anterior chest wall with pleural metastases after failing chemotherapy. The tumor was positive on In-octreotide, and he was referred for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with Lu DOTATATE. He received 4 induction and 2 maintenance Lu DOTATATE treatments (total dose, 1000 mCi) and reported significant improvement in symptoms. Before the seventh treatment, mild progression was diagnosed on CT, and PRRT was terminated. The use of induction and maintenance Lu DOTATATE PRRT therapy in the management of thymoma warrants further research.
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