Tripartite comparison of single-incision and conventional laparoscopy in cholecystectomy: A multicenter trial

Table 1 General data of the patients

	X-Cone method(n = 100)(No.1 group)	Three-device method(n = 100)(No.2 group)	Conventional method(n = 100)(No.3 group)	P value	Statistical methods and values
Sex
Male	47	44	52		χ2 = 1.31
Female	53	56	48
Age (yr)	39.5 ± 14.5	40.0 ± 12.5	41.7 ± 12.0	0.465	One-Way ANOVA F = 0.768
BMI (kg/m2)	26.1 ± 5.5	28.2 ± 7.5	26.1 ± 8.4	0.06	One-Way ANOVA F = 2.847
Surgical risk grade (ASA)	1.6 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.4	0.681	One-Way ANOVA F = 0.385
Diagnosis
Stones	58	52	47		χ2 = 2.43
Polyps	42	48	53

ASA: American society of anesthesiology; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Surgical data of the three groups

	X-Cone method(n = 100)(No.1 group)	Three-device method(n = 100)(No.2 group)	Conventional method(n = 100)(No.3 group)	P values	Statistical methodsand values
Operative time (min)	56.3 ± 14.0	45.6 ± 12.0	42.1 ± 11.0	0.000 G1 vs G2 0.000 G1 vs G3 0.000 G2 vs G3 0.111	One-Way
					ANOVA F = 36.86
Blood loss1 (mL)	16.4 ± 3.7	17.1 ± 4.5	15.8 ± 4.7	0.089	One-Way ANOVA F = 2.439
Conversion to multiple-incision LC	1	2	0	0.776	Fisher exact test
Complications
Incision contusion	3	4	1	0.543	Fisher exact test
Wound infection	1	1	3	0.625	Fisher exact test
Bile duct injury	0	0	0	1.0	Fisher exact test
Bile leakage	2	2	1	1.0	Fisher exact test
Abdominal infection	0	0	0	1.0	Fisher exact test
Postoperative hospital stay (d)	1.66 ± 0.5	1.69 ± 0.5	1.68 ± 0.4	0.928	One-Way ANOVA F = 0.075
Hospital costs	11658 ± 1435	10406 ± 1246	10036 ± 1154	0.000 G1 vs G2 0.000 G1 vs G3 0.000 G2 vs G3 0.415	One-Way ANOVA F = 52.66

¹Estimated intraoperative blood loss; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Table 3 Pain and cosmetic scores among the three groups

	X-Conemethod(n = 100) (No.1 group)	Three-device method(n = 100)(No.2 group)	Conventional method(n = 100)(No.3 group)	P values	Statistical methodsand values
Pain score1					One-Way ANOVA
1 d after surgery	3.4 ± 1.2	3.6 ± 1.2	4.2 ± 1.1	0 G1 vs G2 0.296 G1 vs G3 0.000 G2 vs G3 0.005	F = 11.16
2 d after surgery	2.8 ± 0.8	3.0 ± 1.0	3.2 ± 1.0	0.002 G1 vs G2 0.155 G1 vs G3 0.001 G2 vs G3 0.204	F = 6.34
7 d after surgery	2.2 ± 0.6	2.0 ± 0.6	2.3 ± 0.7	0.014 G1 vs G2 0.252 G1 vs G3 0.365 G2 vs G3 0.010	F = 4.35
1 mo after surgery	1.6 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.5	0 G1 vs G2 0.123 G1 vs G3 0.048 G2 vs G3 0.000	F = 9.435
Cosmetic score2
1 wk after surgery	8 ± 0.7	8 ± 0.5	6 ± 0.4	0 G1 vs G2 0.999 G1 vs G3 0.000 G2 vs G3 0.000	F = 423.61
2 wk after surgery	8 ± 0.8	8 ± 0.6	7 ± 0.3	0 G1 vs G2 0.966 G1 vs G3 0.000 G2 vs G3 0.000	F = 93.67
1 mo after surgery	9 ± 0.2	9 ± 0.3	8 ± 0.5	0 G1 vs G2 0.814 G1 vs G3 0.000 G2 vs G3 0.000	F = 308.9

¹Pain score 1-10;

²Cosmetic score 1-10.