Ankaferd blood stopper application in gastrointestinal bleeding: An updated narrative review

Table 1 Overview of the current data on the use of Ankaferd blood stopper in different gastrointestinal bleeding settings

Ref.	Type of article, evidence value2	Bleeding etiology	ABS application	ABS volume and application route	Hemostasis3 achieved	Complication	Routinely used drugs of patients
Gungor et al[57], 2012	Prospective study	Gastric ulcer (n = 3)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	2/3	Absent	N/A
		Duodenal ulcer (n = 12)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	9/12	Absent	N/A
		Ulcer1 (n = 2)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	0/2	Absent	N/A
		Esophagitis (n = 2)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	2/2	Absent	N/A
		Ulcer at anastomosis site1 (n = 2)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	2/2	Absent	N/A
		Dieulafoy lesion1 (n = 2)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	1/2	Absent	N/A
		Polypectomy1 (n = 2)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	2/2	Absent	N/A
		Malignancy1 (n = 1)	Adjunct	8 mL, MediGlobe spray catheter	1/1	Absent	N/A
Turhan et al[9], 2009	Retrospective observational	Rectum malignancy (n = 3)	Alone	3 mL, not reported	Yes	Not reported	N/A
		Gastric malignancy (n = 7)	Alone	3 mL, not reported	Yes	Not reported	N/A
Baş et al[47], 2021	Retrospective observational	Duodenal ulcer (n = 22)	Adjunct	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Gastric malignancy (n = 8)	Adjunct	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Rebleeding in 1 month in 1 patient	N/A
		Gastric ulcer (n = 10)	Adjunct	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Mallory-Weiss tear1 (n = 2)	Adjunct	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Esophageal variceal bleeding (n = 5)	Alone	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Sphincterotomy (n = 2)	Adjunct	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		GAVE (n = 1)	Adjunct	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Colonic malignancy (n = 8)	Alone	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Colonic polypectomy (n = 2)	Alone	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		ESD (n = 1)	Alone	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Rectal ulcer (n = 2)	1 alone, 1 adjunct	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Hemorrhoid (n = 1)	Alone	5-10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
Ozaslan et al[51], 2010	Retrospective observational	Gastric malignancy (n = 5)	Alone	9.5 mL on average (sclerotherapy needle/heater probe); 1 pt had 15 mL via NGT	4/5 patients yes, 1/5 patient yes in second application	Absent	N/A
		Periampullary malignancy (n = 1)	Alone	10 mL, sclerotherapy needle/heater probe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Baş et al[58], 2024	Retrospective observational	Duodenal ulcer (n = 43)	Adjunct	10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Gastric malignancy (n = 19)	Adjunct	10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Mallory-Weiss tear (n = 12)	Adjunct	10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		GAVE (n = 6)	Adjunct	10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Gastric ulcer (n = 15)	Adjunct	10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Dieulafoy lesion1 (n = 1)	Adjunct	10 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
Karaman et al[59], 2010	Retrospective observational	Gastric polypectomy (n = 2)	Adjunct	5-6 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Colonic polypectomy (n = 5)	Adjunct	5-6 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Kurt et al[55], 2010	Retrospective observational	Polypectomy1 (n = 11)	Adjunct	Average 10.4 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Gastric lesion biopsy (n = 4)	Alone	Average 10 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Mallory-Weiss tear (n = 1)	Adjunct	7 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	Warfarin
		Dieulafoy lesion1 (n = 2)	Adjunct	Average 47 mL, washing pipe	1/2 yes	Absent	N/A
		Radiation colitis (n = 3)	Adjunct	Average 24 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
		GAVE (n = 3)	Adjunct	Average 15 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Congestive gastropathy (n = 1)	Alone	10 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	ASA, warfarin
		Esophageal lesion (n = 1)	Alone	40 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
		Rectal lesion, post-submucosal dissection (n = 1)	Adjunct	40 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Tuncer et al[8], 2010	Case report	Gastric variceal bleeding (n = 4)	Alone	6 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Aslan et al[56], 2013	Case report	Colon diverticular bleeding	Alone	2 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	Warfarin
		Colonic diverticula	Alone	4 mL, sclerotherapy needle	Yes	Absent	N/A
Beyazit et al[45], 2012	Case report	Gastric variceal bleeding	Adjunct	20 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Beyazit et al[48], 2013	Case report	Gastric ulcer	Adjunct	15 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Yarali et al[49], 2010	Case report	Duodenal ulcer	Alone	1 mL, not reported	Yes	Absent	N/A
Beyazit et al[52], 2011	Case report	Colonic mass	Alone	5 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Shorbagi and Sivri[54], 2010	Case report	Rectal telangiectasia (post-radiation)	Adjunct	20 mL, washing pipe	Yes	Absent	N/A
Hacıoğlu et al[50], 2015	Case report	Unidentified (refractory GI bleeding)	Adjunct	3 mL × 4 mL oral, 10 days	Not reported	Absent	N/A
Karaman et al[46], 2012	Case report	Post-sphincterotomy bleeding (n = 2)	Adjunct	10 mL, via duodenoscope channel	Yes	Absent	N/A

¹Organ location unspecified.

²Referance values are determined as 1: Prospective studies, > 2: Retrospective studies > 3: Case reports.

³Hemostasis was defined as cessation of bleeding during the procedure.

ABS: Ankaferd blood stopper; NGT: Nasogastric tube; ASA: Acetylsalicylic acid; GAVE: Gastric antral vascular ectasia; ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; N/A: Not applicable.