Helicobacter pylori eradication is associated with systemic anti-inflammatory shift in duodenal ulcer patients compared to those with gastritis

doi:10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116958

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Mar 16, 2026; 18(3): 116958
Published online Mar 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116958

Table 1 Comparative serum cytokine levels after Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with gastritis and duodenal ulcer

Cytokine	Group	Pre-treatment			Post-treatment			FDR-adjusted P value¹	r²
Cytokine	Group	Median	Q1 (25^th)	Q3 (75^th)	Median	Q1 (25^th)	Q3 (75^th)	FDR-adjusted P value¹	r²
IL-1α	GA	0.00	0.00	1.08	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.001	0.52
IL-1α	DU	1.79	1.59	2.39	0.04	0.00	0.14	< 0.001	0.85
IL-1β	GA	2.93	2.65	3.13	1.01	1.01	1.28	< 0.001	0.88
IL-1β	DU	2.70	2.07	3.30	1.15	1.01	1.28	0.017	0.87
IL-2	GA	5.82	5.65	6.86	2.72	2.55	3.06	< 0.001	0.86
IL-2	DU	0.00	0.00	4.90	1.34	1.00	1.68	< 0.001	0.33
IL-6	GA	9.81	9.14	11.66	1.66	1.11	3.33	< 0.001	0.88
IL-6	DU	0.67	0.43	1.16	0.00	0.00	0.18	< 0.001	0.78
IL-8	GA	16.62	7.20	25.87	3.20	2.53	5.20	< 0.001	0.86
IL-8	DU	25.00	17.52	27.56	3.20	2.53	3.20	< 0.001	0.87
IL-10	GA	2.96	2.45	3.17	0.49	0.28	0.54	< 0.001	0.88
IL-10	DU	0.30	0.00	0.42	2.76	2.45	3.17	< 0.001	0.87
IL-12p70	GA	1.93	1.80	2.40	0.00	0.00	0.35	< 0.001	0.83
IL-12p70	DU	4.68	4.09	5.69	0.00	0.00	0.77	< 0.001	0.87
IL-23	GA	4.00	2.00	6.22	0.00	0.00	1.28	< 0.001	0.76
IL-23	DU	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.80	0.007	0.38
IFN-γ	GA	8.57	5.53	10.89	3.57	2.14	4.28	< 0.001	0.88
IFN-γ	DU	4.00	0.00	5.80	0.71	0.35	1.42	0.011	0.37
TNF-α	GA	1.57	1.19	1.96	0.42	0.03	0.80	< 0.001	0.87
TNF-α	DU	1.90	1.85	2.26	0.42	0.03	1.19	< 0.001	0.87

¹Within-group comparisons (pre- vs post-treatment) were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. P values are reported as false discovery rate-adjusted P values using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.

²Effect sizes for nonparametric comparisons are expressed as the r coefficient (r = z/√n), interpreted as follows: ≤ 0.5, small effect; > 0.5 and < 0.8, medium effect; ≥ 0.8, large effect.

GA: Gastritis; DU: Duodenal ulcer; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN-γ: Interferon gamma; FDR: False discovery rate.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Between-group comparisons of serum cytokine levels before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication

Cytokine	Group	Pre-treatment			FDR-adjusted P value (pre-tx)¹	r (pre-tx)²	Post-treatment			FDR-adjusted P value (post-tx)¹	r (post-tx)²
Cytokine	Group	Median	Q1 (25^th)	Q3 (75^th)	FDR-adjusted P value (pre-tx)¹	r (pre-tx)²	Median	Q1 (25^th)	Q3 (75^th)	FDR-adjusted P value (post-tx)¹	r (post-tx)²
IL-1α	GA	0.00	0.00	1.08	< 0.001	0.70	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.012	0.34
IL-1α	DU	1.79	1.59	2.39	< 0.001	0.70	0.04	0.00	0.14	0.012	0.34
IL-1β	GA	2.93	2.65	3.13	0.013	0.25	1.01	1.01	1.28	0.95	0.01
IL-1β	DU	2.70	2.07	3.30	0.013	0.25	1.15	1.01	1.28	0.95	0.01
IL-2	GA	5.82	5.65	6.86	< 0.001	0.61	2.72	2.55	3.06	< 0.001	0.66
IL-2	DU	0.00	0.00	4.90	< 0.001	0.61	1.34	1.00	1.68	< 0.001	0.66
IL-6	GA	9.81	9.14	11.66	< 0.001	0.83	1.66	1.11	3.33	< 0.001	0.78
IL-6	DU	0.67	0.43	1.16	< 0.001	0.83	0.00	0.00	0.18	< 0.001	0.78
IL-8	GA	16.62	7.20	25.87	0.013	0.25	3.20	2.53	5.20	0.14	0.20
IL-8	DU	25.00	17.52	27.56	0.013	0.25	3.20	2.53	3.20	0.14	0.20
IL-10	GA	2.96	2.45	3.17	< 0.001	0.84	0.49	0.28	0.54	< 0.001	0.84
IL-10	DU	0.30	0.00	0.42	< 0.001	0.84	2.76	2.45	3.17	< 0.001	0.84
IL-12p70	GA	1.93	1.80	2.40	< 0.001	0.82	0.00	0.00	0.35	0.15	0.20
IL-12p70	DU	4.68	4.09	5.69	< 0.001	0.82	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.15	0.20
IL-23	GA	4.00	2.00	6.22	< 0.001	0.72	0.00	0.00	1.28	0.035	0.29
IL-23	DU	0.00	0.00	0.00	< 0.001	0.72	0.00	0.00	0.80	0.035	0.29
IFN-γ	GA	8.57	5.53	10.89	< 0.001	0.66	3.57	2.14	4.28	< 0.001	0.56
IFN-γ	DU	4.00	0.00	5.80	< 0.001	0.66	0.71	0.35	1.42	< 0.001	0.56
TNF-α	GA	1.57	1.19	1.96	< 0.001	0.53	0.42	0.03	0.80	0.08	0.24
TNF-α	DU	1.90	1.85	2.26	< 0.001	0.53	0.42	0.03	1.19	0.08	0.24

¹Between-group comparisons (gastritis vs duodenal ulcer) were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test at each time point (pre- and post-treatment). P values are reported as false discovery rate-adjusted P values using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.

²Effect sizes for nonparametric comparisons are expressed as the r coefficient (r = z/√n), interpreted as follows: ≤ 0.5, small effect; > 0.5 and < 0.8, medium effect; ≥ 0.8, large effect.

GA: Gastritis; DU: Duodenal ulcer; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN-γ: Interferon gamma; FDR: False discovery rate.

Full Size Table

Citation: de Melo FF, Lemos FFB, Leal RAOS, Rocha GA, de Magalhães Queiroz DM. Helicobacter pylori eradication is associated with systemic anti-inflammatory shift in duodenal ulcer patients compared to those with gastritis. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116958
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v18/i3/116958.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116958