Navigating self-expandable metallic stent placement in inoperable esophageal malignancies: A landmark-based technique using the vertebral column and diaphragm

doi:10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116060

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastrointest Endosc. Mar 16, 2026; 18(3): 116060
Published online Mar 16, 2026. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116060

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients, mean ± SD/n (%)

Characteristics	Values
Age	50.25 ± 14.91
Sex
Male	393 (49.10)
Female	408 (50.90)
Presenting complaint
Dysphagia	801 (100)
Weight loss	670 (83.64)
Vomiting	556 (69.41)
Hematemesis	74 (9.24)
Cause of inoperability
Distant metastasis	423 (52.81)
Locally advanced disease	316 (39.46)
Unfit for surgery	62 (7.73)
Histopathology
Squamous cell carcinoma	594 (74.16)
Adenocarcinoma	207 (25.84)
Location of the tumor
Upper one-third of the esophagus	83 (10.36)
The middle one-third of the esophagus	365 (45.57)
The lower one-third of the esophagus	353 (44.07)
Involvement of GEJ
Yes	240 (30.00)
No	561 (70.00)
TEF
Yes	48 (6.00)
No	753 (94.00)
Length of stricture in cm	8.40 ± 2.44
Dilatation
Yes	139 (17.40)
No	662 (82.60)
Type of stent
Partially covered	726 (90.64)
Fully covered	75 (9.36)
Size of stent in cm	12.49 ± 2.26

GEJ: Gastroesophageal junction; TEF: Tracheoesophageal fistula.

Full Size Table

Citation: Siyal M, Asim M, Qureshi S, Ghazanfar S, Siddiqui AR, Ahmed N, Altaf A, Zakaria N, Yaseen A, Kakar F, Kadir S, Hasan MK, Niaz SK. Navigating self-expandable metallic stent placement in inoperable esophageal malignancies: A landmark-based technique using the vertebral column and diaphragm. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2026; 18(3): 116060
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v18/i3/116060.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v18.i3.116060