Laparoendoscopic surgery in gastrointestinal diseases: Status and future perspectives

Table 1 Various types of laparoendoscopic surgeries being performed

Various types
Laparoendoscopic rendezvous procedures	LECS
Laparoscopy assisted endoscopic resection	Classical LECS
Endoscopy assisted laparoscopic resection	Inverted LECS with crown method. nonexposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery
Endoscopy assisted laparoscopic wedge resection	Combination of laparoscopic endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a non-exposure technique
Endoscopy assisted laparoscopic transluminal surgery	Closed LECS
Laparoscopic intragastric surgery
Endoscopy assisted laparoscopic intraluminal stapling

LECS: Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery.

Table 2 Published series on laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery and rendezvous procedures for gastroesophageal junction and gastric diseases

Ref.	Technique (n)	N	Histology (n)	R0 resection	Conversion	Median hospital stay (days)	Adverse events
Gastroesophageal junction tumors
Hoteya et al[35]	LECS	5	Leiomyoma (4), GIST (1)	5	0	13	0
Aoyama et al[36]	LECS (13), NEWS (4), CLEAN-NET (4)	21	Leiomyoma (18), GIST (2), ectopic pancreas (1)	21	0	9	0
Ri et al[37]	LECS	20	NR	20	8	20	4
Gastric tumors
Tsujimoto et al[34]	LECS	20	GIST (16), leiomyoma (1), other SMT (3)	20	0	12	0
Kang et al[33]	LECS	101	GIST (78), leiomyoma (13), NET (3), other SMT (7)	0	0	NR	2
Ojima et al[38]	LECS (21), endoscopic guided intraluminal gastric surgery (25)	46	GIST (46)	21	NR	8	1
Mitsui et al[39]	NEWS	28	GIST (28)	NR	2	NR	1
Shoji et al[40]	LECS (14), NEWS (26), LWR (31)	71	GIST (49), leiomyoma (10), others (12)	NR	NR	NR	0
Cao et al[41]	LECS (25), endoscopic submucosal dissection (20)	45	GIST (45)	25	0	4	0
Kanehira et al[42]	CLEAN-NET (50), LWR (79)	69	GIST (36), leiomyoma (13), schwannoma (11), others (9)	50	0	6	0
Aoyama et al[43]	LECS (13), NEWS (4), CLEAN-NET (4)	42	GIST (24), leiomyoma (5), ectopic pancreas (6), others (7)	42	NR	7	1
Ri et al[37]	LECS	194	NR	194	2	7	8

CLEAN-NET: Combination of laparoscopic endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a non-exposure technique; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; LECS: Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery; LWR: Laparoscopic wedge resection; N: Number of patients; NET: Non-exposure technique; NEWS: Nonexposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery; NR: Not reported; SMT: Submucosal tumor.

Table 3 Published series on laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for duodenal lesions

Ref.	Location of lesion (n)	N	Histology (n)	R0 resection	Conversion	Median hospital stay (days)	Adverse events
Otowa et al[46]	Above ampulla (3), below ampulla (7)	10	Adenocarcinoma (10)	10	0	NR	4
Yanagimoto et al[47]	NR	10	Adenocarcinoma (6), adenoma (3), NET (1)	0	0	9	2
Nunobe et al[48]	D1 (63), D2 (128), D3 (15)	206	Adenoma (79), adenocarcinoma (70), NET (36), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (7), others (14)	196	11	9	15
Kanaji et al[49]	D1 (3), D2 (16), D3 (150)	20	Adenocarcinoma (16), NET (2), adenoma (1), ectopic pancreas (1)	19	0	12	2

D (1-3): Duodenum and part of duodenum; N: Number of patients; NET: Non-exposure technique; NR: Not reported.

Table 4 Published series on combined laparo-endoscopic resection (laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery) of colorectal lesions

Ref.	Technique	N	Completion of procedure	R0 resection	Conversion	Median hospital stay (days)	Adverse events
Wilhelm et al[50]	Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic resection	154	139	NR	7	8	36
Lee et al[51]	Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery	65	48	NR	17	1	2
Goh et al[52]	Endo-laparoscopic polypectomy	30	22	NR	8	2	4
Schmidt et al[53]	EFTR	181	162	139	NR	NR	18
Valli et al[54]	EFTR	60	51	51	NR	NR	4
Tamegai et al[55]	Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery	17	17	17	17	7	0

EFTR: Endoscopic full thickness resection; N: Number of patients; NR: Not reported.