How to distinguish pancreatic tumors and assess the necessity for biopsy

doi:10.4253/wjge.v17.i10.107482

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Oct 16, 2025 (publication date) through Nov 12, 2025

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

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1948-5190

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastrointest Endosc. Oct 16, 2025; 17(10): 107482
Published online Oct 16, 2025. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v17.i10.107482

Table 1 Main genetic alteration in pancreatic tumors

Pancreatic tumor	Gene altered	Frequency (%)
PDAC	KRASTP53	95
	CDKN2A	35-40
	p16	95-100
	SMAD4	45-60
IPMN	KRAS	45-50
IPMN	GNAS	35-50
P-NET	MEN1	10-30
MCN	KRAS	20-50
MCN	GNAS	25-50
SCA	VHL	40-50

PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; P-NET: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; MCN: Mucinous cystic neoplasm; SCA: Serous cystadenoma.

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Citation: Chien MS, Lin CC, Lai JH. How to distinguish pancreatic tumors and assess the necessity for biopsy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2025; 17(10): 107482
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5190/full/v17/i10/107482.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4253/wjge.v17.i10.107482