Using a novel hemostatic peptide solution to prevent bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of a gastric tumor

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients, n (%)

	Group P	n = 101	Group C	n = 297
Age, median (range)	75	(48–93)	75	(40–90)	0.8831
Sex
Male	72	(71.3)	219	(73.7)	0.3676
Female	29	(28.7)	78	(26.3)
Diabetes mellitus	17	(16.8)	41	(13.8)	0.7054
Chronic kidney disease on dialysis	3	(3.0)	4	(1.4)	0.9287
Liver cirrhosis	7	(6.9)	9	(3.0)	0.7777
Anti-platelet agents	14	(13.9)	65	(21.9)	0.1485
Continuation	3	(3.0)	18	(6.1)
Discontinuation	11	(10.9)	47	(15.8)
Duration of re-starting, median (range)
Anticoagulants	10	(9.9)	28	(9.5)	0.9355
Continuation	3	(3.0)	6	(2.0)
Discontinuation	7	(6.9)	22	(7.5)
Helicobacter pylori infection status
Not infected	2	(2.0)	15	(5.1)	0.1524
Persistent infection	27	(26.7)	92	(31.0)
After eradIcation	72	(71.3)	189	(63.6)
Unknown	0	(0.0)	1	(0.3)

Table 2 Characteristics of the lesions and treatment outcomes, n (%)

	Group P	n = 101	Group C	n = 297
Location 1
U	11	(10.9)	43	(14.5)	0.2573
M	54	(53.5)	129	(43.4)
L	36	(35.6)	125	(42.1)
Location 2
L	57	(56.4)	136	(45.8)	0.1295
G	11	(10.9)	41	(13.8)
A	16	(15.8)	52	(17.5)
P	17	(16.8)	68	(22.9)
Endoscopists
Expert	30	(29.7)	154	(51.9)	0.0001
Non-expert	71	(70.3)	143	(49.4)
Resection time (min), median (range)	64	(10–320)	68	(7–445)	0.0991
Resection size (mm), median (range)	30	(14–60)	33	(5–80)	0.0106
En bloc resection	100	(99.0)	295	(99.3)	0.7506
R0 resection	95	(94.1)	274	(92.3)	0.2267
Post-ESD bleeding	6	(5.9)	20	(6.7)	0.7804
Intraoperative perforation	0	(0.0)	3	(1.0)	0.3106
Delayed perforation	0	(0.0)	0	(0.0)	-
Aspiration pneumonia	6	(5.9)	7	(2.4)	0.0801

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Table 3 Factors involved in post-operative bleeding

	Univariable OR	95%CI	P value	Multivariable OR	95%CI	P value
Pura Stat® application	0.87	0.34–2.24	0.7806	1.28	0.28–2.15	0.6363
Endoscopists: Expert	1.18	0.53–2.60	0.6904	1.14	0.36–2.12	0.7654
Resection size ≥ 50 mm	7.05	2.86–17.34	< 0.0001	6.63	2.52–17.47	0.0001
Anti-platelet agents	1.88	0.79–4.51	0.1545	2.07	0.83–5.16	0.1185
Anticoagulants	4.04	1.58–10.36	0.0036	3.49	1.26–9.69	0.0164

Table 4 Location of post-operative bleeding lesions, n (%)

	Group P	Group C	P value
L	5 (83.3)	7 (35.0)	0.735
A	1 (16.7)	3 (15.0)	1
G	0 (0.0)	4 (20.0)	0.566
P	0 (0.0)	6 (30.0)	0.342