Relationships of hospitalization outcomes and timing to endoscopy in non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A nationwide analysis

Table 1 Patient, hospital, and clinical characteristics of all admissions for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Variable	Number (%) or mean ± SD
Mean age	66.10 yr ± 16.45 yr
Age group
18 to 49 yr	199875 (18.5)
50 years or more	882641 (81.5)
Sex
Female	544506 (50.3)
Male	538010 (49.7)
Race
White	692345 (69.6)
Black	145949 (14.7)
Hispanic	95736 (9.6)
Asian/pacific islander	26569 (2.7)
Native American	7082 (0.7)
Other	26982 (2.7)
Payment method/insurance type
Medicare	653964 (62.2)
Medicaid	118107 (11.2)
Private insurance	213404 (20.3)
Self-pay	59962 (5.7)
Other insurance	5932 (0.6)
Hospital location
Urban	288087 (81.8)
Rural	63972 (18.2)
Hospital teaching status
Non-teaching hospital	334 (80.1)
Teaching hospital	83 (19.9)
Hospital bed size
Small	188 (45.1)
Medium	105 (25.2)
Large	124 (29.7)
Comorbidities
None	12361 (1.1)
One	45456 (4.2)
Two	61930 (5.7)
Three	84763 (7.8)
Four or more	878006 (81.1)

Table 2 Demographic/Ethno-racial predictors of hospitalization outcomes

Factor	Mortality	LOS	Discharge home	ICU admission
Gender
Male (vs female)	aOR: 1.32, 95%CI: 1.26-1.38a	aOR: -0.25, 95%CI: -0.30-0.1a	aOR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.19-1.24a	aOR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.32-1.40a
Ethnicity
Black (vs White)	aOR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.89-1.01	aOR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05-1.21a	aOR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.98a	aOR: 1.04, 95%CI: 0.99-1.09
Hispanic (vs White)	aOR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.07-1.24a	aOR: 0.62, 95%CI: 0.53-0.72a	aOR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.24-1.35a	aOR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.05-1.16a
Asian (vs White)	aOR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.15-1.46a	aOR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.67-1.01	aOR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.13-1.30a	aOR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.18-1.40a
CCI
4 vs 0	aOR: 4.71, 95%CI: 3.02 -7.35a	aOR: 2.82, 95%CI: 2.57–3.07a	aOR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.26-0.38a	aOR: 5.35, 95%CI: 4.00-7.14a

^aP = 0.001. aOR: Adjusted odds ratio; CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; CI: Confidence interval; ICU: Intensive care unit; LOS: Length of stay.