Helicobacter pylori eradication is associated with systemic anti-inflammatory shift in duodenal ulcer patients compared to those with gastritis

Figure 1 Serum cytokine levels before and after Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with gastritis and duodenal ulcer. A: Interleukin (IL)-1α; B: IL-1β; C: IL-2; D: IL-6; E: IL-8; F: IL-10; G: IL-12p70; H: IL-23; I: Interferon gamma; J: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Boxes represent the median and interquartile range, with whiskers indicating minimum and maximum values; individual data points are shown. Gastritis (n = 33) and duodenal ulcer (n = 21). Statistical comparisons were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, as appropriate, with P-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. GA: Gastritis; DU: Duodenal ulcer; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN-γ: Interferon gamma.